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The architecture is based on a sealed Sequencer and a Fog Server running (post-quantum) Guy Fawkes protocols. The blocks of the blockchain are stored in networked Content Addressable Storage alongside any user data and validity proofs. We maintain that a typical IoT device can, despite its resource limitations, use our blockchain protocols directly, without a trusted intermediary. This includes posting and monitoring transactions as well as off-chain (post-quantum) emergency communications without an explicit public key.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42400-020-00068-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:03:43Z","timestamp":1612137823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A PLS blockchain for IoT applications: protocols and architecture"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8796-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Shafarenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"68_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1145\/302350.302353","volume":"32","author":"R Anderson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Anderson, R, Bergadano F, Crispo B, Lee J-H, Manifavas C, Needham R (1998) A new family of authentication protocols. 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