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Blockchain technology, as a solution incorporating decentralization, traceability, programmability, and immutability, effectively enhances the security, trustworthiness, operational efficiency, and ensures the security and integrity of data storage in traditional cryptographic protocols. Consequently, it has gradually emerged as a focal point of research in cryptographic protocols. This manuscript delves into the ongoing research concerning the application of blockchain technology in cryptographic protocols. First, this manuscript introduces the background of blockchain research in cryptographic protocols and the corresponding basic knowledge. Secondly, we delve into the main concerns of traditional cryptographic protocols, with a particular focus on security and performance. Thirdly, according to the main classification of cryptographic protocols, the latest research results of blockchain in authentication protocols, authentication and key agreement protocols, and e-commerce protocols are presented. Finally, the research directions of blockchain technology in cryptographic protocols are summarized based on the existing research, and the future development trend is also prospected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42400-024-00324-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]],"date-time":"2024-12-27T02:01:31Z","timestamp":1735264891000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A survey on the application of blockchain in cryptographic protocols"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingxing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingfeng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"324_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdalla M, Eisenhofer T, Kiltz E, Kunzweiler S, Riepel D (2022) Password-authenticated key exchange from group actions. 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