{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T21:04:21Z","timestamp":1771707861787,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1562112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61802385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61802385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018A030313100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A030313100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["JSGG20170414112714341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSGG20170414112714341"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Program","award":["JCYJ20170302153015013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20170302153015013"]}]},{"name":"Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region","award":["14225616"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14225616"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vis. Comput. Ind. Biomed. Art"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s42492-019-0015-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T06:48:24Z","timestamp":1562136504000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Assessing performance of augmented reality-based neurosurgical training"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Wei-Xin","family":"Si","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1682-3939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang-Yun","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yin-Ling","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai-Tao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Dong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pheng Ann","family":"Heng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"15_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2016.443","volume":"44","author":"D Guha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guha D, Alotaibi NM, Nguyen N, Gupta S, McFaul C, Yang VXD (2017) Augmented reality in neurosurgery: a review of current concepts and emerging applications. Can J Neurol Sci 44:235\u2013245. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cjn.2016.443","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"15_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000115","volume":"73","author":"N G\u00e9linas-Phaneuf","year":"2013","unstructured":"G\u00e9linas-Phaneuf N, Del Maestro RF (2013) Surgical expertise in neurosurgery: integrating theory into practice. Neurosurgery 73(Suppl 1):30\u201338. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000115","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"15_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182748ee8","volume":"72","author":"P Ferroli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferroli P, Tringali G, Acerbi F, Schiariti M, Broggi M, Aquino D, et al (2013) Advanced 3-dimensional planning in neurosurgery. Neurosurgery 72(Suppl 1):54\u201362. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182748ee8","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"15_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000112","volume":"73","author":"G Rosseau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosseau G, Bailes J, del Maestro R, Cabral A, Choudhury N, Comas O, et al (2013) The development of a virtual simulator for training neurosurgeons to perform and perfect endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery. Neurosurgery 73(Suppl 1):85\u201393. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000112","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"15_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318249c744","volume":"71","author":"S Delorme","year":"2012","unstructured":"Delorme S, Laroche D, DiRaddo R, Del Maestro RF (2012) NeuroTouch: a physics-based virtual simulator for cranial microneurosurgery training. Neurosurgery 71:32\u201342. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318249c744","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"15_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.08.022","volume":"80","author":"Nusrat Choudhury","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choudhury N, G\u00e9linas-Phaneuf N, Delorme S, Del Maestro R (2013) Fundamentals of neurosurgery: virtual reality tasks for training and evaluation of technical skills. World Neurosurg 80:e9\u2013e19. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2012.08.022","journal-title":"World Neurosurgery"},{"key":"15_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.8819","volume":"99","author":"M Graafland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Graafland M, Schraagen JM, Schijven MP (2012) Systematic review of serious games for medical education and surgical skills training. Br J Surg 99:1322\u20131330. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.8819","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"15_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.04.041","volume":"170","author":"C Hao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hao C, Qi D, Yu LQ, Jing Q, Heng PA (2018) VoxResNet: deep voxelwise residual networks for brain segmentation from 3D MR images. NeuroImage 170:446\u2013455. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.04.041","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"15_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.80117","volume":"2","author":"A Alaraj","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alaraj A, Lemole MG, Finkle JH, Yudkowsky R, Wallace A, Luciano C, et al (2011) Virtual reality training in neurosurgery: review of current status and future applications. Surg Neurol Int 2:52. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2152-7806.80117","journal-title":"Surg Neurol Int"},{"key":"15_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181ee46d0","volume":"67","author":"HR Malone","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malone HR, Syed ON, Downes MS, D'Ambrosio AL, Quest DO, Kaiser MG (2010) Simulation in neurosurgery: a review of computer-based simulation environments and their surgical applications. Neurosurgery 67:1105\u20131116. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181ee46d0","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"15_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-200004000-00031","volume":"46","author":"NI Phillips","year":"2000","unstructured":"Phillips NI, John NW (2000) Web-based surgical simulation for ventricular catheterization. Neurosurgery 46:933\u2013936; discussion 936-937. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/00006123-200004000-00031","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"15_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827393c9","volume":"72","author":"A Neubauer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neubauer A, Wolfsberger S (2013) Virtual endoscopy in neurosurgery: a review. Neurosurgery 72(Suppl 1):97\u2013106. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827393c9","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"15_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/neurosurgery\/46.1.118","volume":"46","author":"RA Kockro","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kockro RA, Serra L, Tseng-Tsai Y, Chan C, Yih-Yian S, Gim-Guan C, et al (2000) Planning and simulation of neurosurgery in a virtual reality environment. Neurosurgery 46:118\u2013137. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neurosurgery\/46.1.118","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"15_CR14","first-page":"343","volume":"119","author":"C Luciano","year":"2006","unstructured":"Luciano C, Banerjee P, Lemole GM Jr, Charbel F (2006) Second generation haptic ventriculostomy simulator using the ImmersiveTouch system. Stud Health Technol Inform 119:343\u2013348","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"15_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS-07\/09\/0515","volume":"107","author":"PP Banerjee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Banerjee PP, Luciano CJ, Lemole GM, Charbel FT, Oh MY (2007) Accuracy of ventriculostomy catheter placement using a head- and hand-tracked high-resolution virtual reality simulator with haptic feedback. JNS 107:515\u2013521. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/JNS-07\/09\/0515","journal-title":"JNS"},{"key":"15_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-013-0905-8","volume":"9","author":"N G\u00e9linas-Phaneuf","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\u00e9linas-Phaneuf N, Choudhury N, Al-Habib AR, Cabral A, Nadeau E, Mora V, et al (2014) Assessing performance in brain tumor resection using a novel virtual reality simulator. Int J CARS 9:1\u20139. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-013-0905-8","journal-title":"Int J CARS"},{"key":"15_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2011.08.005","volume":"21","author":"G Moussa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moussa G, Radwan E, Hussain K (2012) Augmented reality vehicle system: left-turn maneuver study. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 21:1\u201316. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2011.08.005","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies"},{"key":"15_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2007.117","volume":"27","author":"N Navab","year":"2007","unstructured":"Navab N, Traub J, Sielhorst T, Feuerstein M, Bichlmeier C (2007) Action- and workflow-driven augmented reality for computer-aided medical procedures. IEEE Comput Grap Appl 27:10\u201314. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCG.2007.117","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Grap Appl"},{"key":"15_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2040278","volume":"57","author":"H Liao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liao H, Inomata T, Sakuma I, Dohi T (2010) 3-D augmented reality for MRI-guided surgery using integral videography autostereoscopic image overlay. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 57:1476\u20131486. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2010.2040278","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"15_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2009.2021947","volume":"29","author":"N Navab","year":"2010","unstructured":"Navab N, Heining SM, Traub J (2010) Camera augmented mobile C-arm (CAMC): calibration, accuracy study, and clinical applications. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 29:1412\u20131423. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMI.2009.2021947","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"15_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2326872","volume":"21","author":"MQ Wei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wei MQ, Yu JZ, Pang WM, Wang J, Qin J, Liu LG, et al (2015) Bi-normal filtering for mesh denoising. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 21:43\u201355. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2014.2326872","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"15_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2006.13","volume":"12","author":"C Duriez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Duriez C, Dubois F, Kheddar A, Andriot C (2006) Realistic haptic rendering of interacting deformable objects in virtual environments. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 12:36\u201347. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2006.13","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"issue":"1","key":"15_CR23","first-page":"35","volume":"2","author":"J Peng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peng J, Li L, Squelch A (2013) Hybrid surgery cutting using snapping algorithm, volume deformation and haptic interaction. J Man Machine Technol 2(1):35\u201346","journal-title":"J Man Machine Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"15_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107:1","DOI":"10.1145\/2185520.2185603","volume":"31","author":"M Tang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tang M, Manocha D, Otaduy MA, Tong RF (2012) Continuous penalty forces. ACM Trans Graph 31(4):107:1\u2013107:9. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2185520.2185603","journal-title":"ACM Trans Graph"}],"container-title":["Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42492-019-0015-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s42492-019-0015-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s42492-019-0015-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T23:26:34Z","timestamp":1593645994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/vciba.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s42492-019-0015-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["15"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42492-019-0015-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2524-4442"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2524-4442","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"6"}}