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Although a widespread blood disorder with significant health implications, anemia often remains undetected. This necessitates timely and efficient diagnostic methods, as traditional approaches that rely on manual assessment are time-consuming and subjective. The present study explored the application of ML \u2013 particularly classification models, such as logistic regression, decision trees, random forest, support vector machines, Na\u00efve Bayes, and k-nearest neighbors \u2013 in conjunction with innovative models incorporating attention modules and spatial attention to detect anemia. The proposed models demonstrated promising results, achieving high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores for both textual and image datasets. In addition, an integrated approach that combines textual and image data was found to outperform the individual modalities. Specifically, the proposed AlexNet Multiple Spatial Attention model achieved an exceptional accuracy of 99.58%, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize automated anemia detection. The results of ablation studies confirm the significance of key components \u2013 including the blue-green-red, multiple, and spatial attentions \u2013 in enhancing model performance. Overall, this study presents a comprehensive and innovative framework for noninvasive anemia detection, contributing valuable insights to the field.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s42492-024-00169-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T08:01:27Z","timestamp":1721203287000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Revolutionizing anemia detection: integrative machine learning models and advanced attention mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Ramzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jinfang","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Muhammad Usman","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Faisal Z.","family":"Duraihem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"169_CR1","volume-title":"Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations","author":"ME Conrad","year":"1990","unstructured":"Conrad ME (1990) Anemia. 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