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Stimulation of fibroblasts and human microvascular endothelial cells with the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-\u03b1) combined with either interferon-\u03b1 (IFN-\u03b1), IFN-\u03b2 or IFN-\u03b3 resulted in a synergistic induction of the CXC chemokine CXCL10, but not of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8. In contrast, simultaneous stimulation with different IFN types did not result in a synergistic CXCL10 protein induction. Purification of natural CXCL10 from the conditioned medium of fibroblasts led to the isolation of CD26\/dipeptidyl peptidase IV-processed CXCL10 missing two NH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-terminal residues. In contrast to intact CXCL10, NH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-terminally truncated CXCL10(3\u201377) did not induce extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 or Akt\/protein kinase B phosphorylation in CXC chemokine receptor 3-transfected cells. Together with the expression of CXCL10, the expression of membrane-bound CD26\/dipeptidyl peptidase IV was also upregulated in fibroblasts by IFN-\u03b3, by IFN-\u03b3 plus IL-1\u03b2 or by IFN-\u03b3 plus TNF-\u03b1. This provides a negative feedback for CXCL10-dependent chemotaxis of activated T cells and natural killer cells. Since TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 are implicated in arthritis, synovial concentrations of CXCL8 and CXCL10 were compared in patients suffering from crystal arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. All three groups of autoimmune arthritis patients (ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis) had significantly increased synovial CXCL10 levels compared with crystal arthritis patients. In contrast, compared with crystal arthritis, only rheumatoid arthritis patients, and not ankylosing spondylitis or psoriatic arthritis patients, had significantly higher synovial CXCL8 concentrations. Synovial concentrations of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8 may therefore be useful to discriminate between autoimmune arthritis types.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,18]],"date-time":"2006-07-18T06:40:07Z","timestamp":1153204807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Coexpression and interaction of CXCL10 and CD26 in mesenchymal cells by synergising inflammatory cytokines: CXCL8 and CXCL10 are discriminative markers for autoimmune arthropathies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Paul","family":"Proost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofie","family":"Struyf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Loos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mieke","family":"Gouwy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evemie","family":"Schutyser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Conings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Ronsse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Parmentier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Grillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghislain","family":"Opdenakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Balzarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Van Damme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1874_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80165-X","volume":"12","author":"A Zlotnik","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zlotnik A, Yoshie O: Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity. 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