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This study was performed to test the diagnostic value of a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies against a genetically modified citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV) in comparison with a second-generation anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP2) ELISA test system. Blinded sera from 631 patients (409 consecutive out-patients and 222 randomly selected stored sera) with RA (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 164) and non-RA (osteoarthritis [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 120], polymyalgia rheumatica\/giant cell arteritis [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 80], spondyloarthritis [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 36], and other inflammatory rheumatic or non-inflammatory disease [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 67]) were tested for the presence of anti-MCV and anti-CCP2 antibodies according to the manufacturers' instructions. The diagnostic performance of the anti-MCV was comparable with the anti-CCP2 assay for the diagnosis of RA according to the calculated area under the curve (0.824; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.778\u20130.870 versus 0.818; 95% CI 0.767\u20130.869) as analysed by receiving operating characteristic curve. When categorised with a cutoff value of 20.0 U\/ml (as recommended by the manufacturer), sensitivity and specificity of the anti-MCV ELISA were 69.5% (95% CI 61.9%\u201376.5%) and 90.8% (86.9%\u201393.8%), respectively, compared with 70.1% (62.5%\u201377.0%) and 98.7% (96.7%\u201399.6%) of the anti-CCP2 assay. Using the cutoff values of 19.0 U\/ml and 81.5 U\/ml for the anti-MCV test to obtain a sensitivity and specificity identical to the anti-CCP2 assay, showed a reduced specificity (89.8%; 85.8%\u201392.9%) and sensitivity (53.7%; 45.7%\u201361.5%), respectively, of the anti-MCV ELISA compared with the anti-CCP2 test. In conclusion, the serum ELISA testing for anti-MCV antibodies as well as the anti-CCP-2 assay perform comparably well in the diagnosis of RA. In the high-specificity range, however, the anti-CCP2 assay appears to be superior to the anti-MCV test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,21]],"date-time":"2006-07-21T20:04:03Z","timestamp":1153512243000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Diagnostic value of antibodies against a modified citrullinated vimentin in rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Dejaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Klotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Larcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Duftner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schirmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred","family":"Herold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1884_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199805)41:5<778::AID-ART4>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"41","author":"RC Lawrence","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lawrence RC, Helmick CG, Arnett FC, Deyo RA, Felson DT, Giannini EH, Heyse SP, Hirsch R, Hochberg MC, Hunder GG, et al: Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and selected musculoskeletal disorders in the United States. 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