{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T05:31:47Z","timestamp":1770355907297,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,18]],"date-time":"2008-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1208476800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,18]],"date-time":"2008-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1208476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>\u03b1-Fodrin is an autoantigen in Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome. We hypothesized that mucosal administration of \u03b1-fodrin might prevent the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Four-week-old NOD mice were immunized (intranasal) with a 1 \u03bcg or 10 \u03bcg dose of \u03b1-fodrin every other day. PBS 10 \u03bcl\/dose and Glutathione transferase (GST 10 \u03bcg\/dose (control mice) were intranasally administrated by the same procedure. The salivary flow was maintained in immunized animals. The animals were analyzed for the presence of anti-Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome A, anti-Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome B, rheumatoid factor and antinuclear, anti-\u03b1-fodrin, and anti-type 3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor polypeptide (anti-M3RP) by immunofluorescence or ELISA. The cytokines IFN\u03b3 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. Salivary glands were examined by H&amp;E staining and immunohistochemical analysis. The water-volume intake was calculated for each group. The induction of regulatory T cells was assessed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis for the frequency of Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells among peripheral CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>The appearance of anti-\u03b1-fodrin and anti-M3RP antibodies was delayed in mice immunized with \u03b1-fodrin. The titers of anti-\u03b1-fodrin and anti-M3RP antibodies were lower in immunized mice (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the low-dose or high-dose immunization groups. Five out of eight mice in the GST group, five of eight mice in the PBS group, two of eight mice in the \u03b1-fodrin 1 \u03bcg\/dose group, and three out of eight mice in the \u03b1-fodrin 10 \u03bcg\/dose were positive for antinuclear antibodies. The levels of serum IFN\u03b3 in mice immunized with 1 \u03bcg\/dose or 10 \u03bcg\/dose \u03b1-fodrin, with PBS, and with GST were 41.9 \u00b1 16.2 pg\/ml, 37.1 \u00b1 15.4 pg\/ml, 86.8 \u00b1 17.8 pg\/ml and 71.6 \u00b1 11.1 pg\/ml, respectively, while we found no difference in the levels of serum IL-10 among the groups. The number of Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> regulatory T cells was higher in the \u03b1-fodrin groups compared with the PBS and GST control groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Lymphocytic infiltration and expression of \u03b1-fodrin in the salivary glands was decreased in \u03b1-fodrin-treated groups. The fluid intake of mice in the 1 \u03bcg\/dose \u03b1-fodrin, 10 \u03bcg\/dose \u03b1-fodrin, PBS, and GST groups was 39.2 \u00b1 2.1 ml, 40.4 \u00b1 2.5 ml, 49.3 \u00b1 3.1 ml and 51.6 \u00b1 2.8 ml, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Mucosal administration of \u03b1-fodrin effectively inhibited the progression of experimental Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,18]],"date-time":"2008-04-18T06:13:26Z","timestamp":1208499206000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Mucosal administration of \u03b1-fodrin inhibits experimental Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome autoimmunity"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanguo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2253_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5312.604","volume":"276","author":"N Haneji","year":"1997","unstructured":"Haneji N, Nakamura T, Takio K, Yanagi K, Higashiyama H, Hayashi Y: Identification of \u03b1-fodrin as a candidate autoantigen in primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome. 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