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The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in patients with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Plasma 25(OH)D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      levels in 161 UCTD patients were measured in both summer and winter periods. Autoantibody profiles (antinuclear antibody, anti-U1-ribonucleoprotein, anti-SSA, anti-SSB, anti-Jo1, anti-Scl70, anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-centromere, anti-cardiolipin, rheumatoid factor, and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide) and clinical symptoms of the patients were assessed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Plasma levels of 25(OH)D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      in UCTD patients were significantly lower compared with controls in both summer and winter periods (UCTD summer: 33 \u00b1 13.4 ng\/mL versus control: 39.9 \u00b1 11.7 ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.01; UCTD winter: 27.8 \u00b1 12.48 ng\/mL versus control: 37.8 \u00b1 12.3 ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001). The presence of dermatological symptoms (photosensitivity, erythema, and chronic discoid rash) and pleuritis was associated with low levels of vitamin D. During the average follow-up period of 2.3 years, 35 out of 161 patients (21.7%) with UCTD further developed into well-established connective tissue disease (CTD). Patients who progressed into CTDs had lower vitamin D levels than those who remained in the UCTD stage (vitamin D levels: CTD: 14.7 \u00b1 6.45 ng\/mL versus UCTD: 33.0 \u00b1 13.4 ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In patients with UCTD, a seasonal variance in levels of 25(OH)D\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      was identified and showed that these levels were significantly lower than in controls during the corresponding seasons. Our results suggest that vitamin D deficiency in UCTD patients may play a role in the subsequent progression into well-defined CTDs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,18]],"date-time":"2008-10-18T14:13:22Z","timestamp":1224339202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency in undifferentiated connective tissue disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Zold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Szodoray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janos","family":"Gaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"Kappelmayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Csathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edit","family":"Gyimesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margit","family":"Zeher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gyula","family":"Szegedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edit","family":"Bodolay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2380_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1373.2000.22333.x","volume":"223","author":"MT Cantorna","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cantorna MT: Vitamin D and autoimmunity: is vitamin D status an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence?. 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