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At 28 days post-immunization, splenocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> assays for markers of immune activation and regulation.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Disease severities ranging from 0 to 12 (on a 12-point scale) were observed. Among splenic lymphocyte populations, only the CD5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B-cell subset displayed a decrease in relative numbers as arthritis severity increased. Splenic CD5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells expressed higher levels of Fas ligand (FasL) than did CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells or CD5<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup> B cells in all mice, and antigen-dependent T-cell death correlated with higher levels of CD5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells in cocultures. Ratios of interleukin (IL)-17 to interferon-gamma production were higher in antigen-driven cultures of splenocytes from severely arthritic mice compared to mildly or nonarthritic mice. A correlation was established between the reduced production of IL-17 in antigen-driven T-cell\/B-cell cocultures and FasL, but not IL-10. Confirmation of the direct killing effect of B cells on T cells was demonstrated using an antigen-specific T hybridoma cell line.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Reduced numbers of splenic FasL<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> CD5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells correlated with increasing arthritis severity and decreased T-cell death in a T-cell receptor transgenic mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis. These 'killer' B cells may provide a novel mechanism for inducing T-cell death as a treatment for arthritis.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,25]],"date-time":"2009-08-25T18:14:07Z","timestamp":1251224047000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Reduced Fas ligand-expressing splenic CD5+B lymphocytes in severe collagen-induced arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Steven K","family":"Lundy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2632_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2006.06.004","volume":"18","author":"L Klareskog","year":"2006","unstructured":"Klareskog L, Padyukov L, Ronnelid J, Alfredsson L: Genes, environment and immunity in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. 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