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The matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 are enzymes potentially involved in this process. Glucocorticoid injections are commonly used for treatment, and other anti-inflammatory molecules like tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are under clinical investigation. However, little is known about the effect of these molecules on DH resorption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>DH tissue was harvested from patients undergoing surgery for sciatica. Samples were thoroughly washed. Diced explants were cultured ex-vivo in 1) 0.5 ml Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), (controls), 2) recombinant interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), (100 ng\/ml), 3) dexamethasone (10E-5 M), or 4) TNF inhibitor monoclonal antibody (10 \u03bcg\/ml). Supernatants were harvested at 48 hours and frozen. Immunocapture activity assays determined total MMP activity, active MMP levels and pro-MMP levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen DH tissue samples were analysed. Levels of all forms of MMP-3 were higher than the respective levels of MMP-1(<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01). In particular, the median (interquartile range [IQR]) total MMP-3 level was 0.97 (0.47 - 2.19) ng\/mg of tissue compared to 0.024 (0.01 - 0.07) ng\/mg of total MMP-1 level (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01). Incubation with IL-1Ra, dexamethasone, or TNF inhibitors significantly decreased levels of all forms of MMP-3 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05). Dexamethasone significantly decreased the ratio of active MMP-3 to total MMP-3 activity. A significant inhibitory effect of dexamethasone was observed only on active MMP-1, while IL-1 and TNF inhibitor had no significant effect on any form.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>MMP-3 appears to play a greater role than MMP-1 in DH resorption. Dexamethasone, IL-1-Ra and TNF inhibitor decreased active MMP-3, indicating that the clinical use of these drugs may affect the resorption of DH under certain conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,11]],"date-time":"2009-11-11T19:13:51Z","timestamp":1257966831000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Influence of cytokine inhibitors on concentration and activity of MMP-1 and MMP-3 in disc herniation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Genevay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Finckh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Mezin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Tessitore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Andr\u00e9","family":"Guerne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2695_CR1","first-page":"405","volume-title":"The Lumbar Spine","author":"J Assheuer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Assheuer J, Schulitz K-P: Disc Herniation:Imaging. 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