{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:21:04Z","timestamp":1791418864564,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Glucocorticoids have extensively been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. However, their side-effects remain the major limitation in clinical use and an improved therapeutic index is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Therapeutic efficacy and persistence of free and liposomal dexamethasone phosphate (DXM-P) were determined in mouse collagen-induced arthritis. For regimens with equal therapeutic benefit, the side-effect profiles were analysed over time with respect to collagen breakdown, suppression of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, changes in blood glucose levels and the haematological profile. In addition, the presence of drug was monitored in plasma.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Liposomal DXM-P, but not free drug, resulted in a persistent anti-inflammatory effect. Comparable clinical benefit was achieved with a single administration of 4 mg\/kg liposomal DXM-P or daily administrations of 1.6 mg\/kg free drug for at least 7 days. For the liposomal form, but not for the free form, we observed a limitation of the suppression of the HPA axis in time and an absence of the drug-induced gluconeogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Liposomal DXM-P, but not free DXM-P, achieves therapeutic persistence in mouse collagen-induced arthritis, which results in drug-free periods of therapeutic benefit. The physical absence of drug after day 2 is associated with a reduction of the typical glucocorticoid side-effects profile. Liposomal DXM-P thereby has an improved therapeutic window.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,17]],"date-time":"2009-12-17T11:15:20Z","timestamp":1261048520000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Separating therapeutic efficacy from glucocorticoid side-effects in rodent arthritis using novel, liposomal delivery of dexamethasone phosphate: long-term suppression of arthritis facilitates interval treatment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Una","family":"Rauchhaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz Werner","family":"Schwaiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Panzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2718_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2005.01.013","volume":"34","author":"RL Hopkins","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hopkins RL, Leinung MC: Exogenous Cushing's syndrome and glucocorticoid withdrawal. 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