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Endpoints included the proportion of all subjects with sUA &lt;6.0 mg\/dL and the proportion of subjects with mild\/moderate renal impairment and sUA &lt;6.0 mg\/dL. Safety assessments included blinded adjudication of each cardiovascular (CV) adverse event (AE) and death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Comorbidities included: renal impairment (65%); obesity (64%); hyperlipidemia (42%); and hypertension (53%). In febuxostat 40 mg, febuxostat 80 mg, and allopurinol groups, primary endpoint was achieved in 45%, 67%, and 42%, respectively. Febuxostat 40 mg UL was statistically non-inferior to allopurinol, but febuxostat 80 mg was superior to both (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Achievement of target sUA in subjects with renal impairment was also superior with febuxostat 80 mg (72%;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) compared with febuxostat 40 mg (50%) or allopurinol (42%), but febuxostat 40 mg showed greater efficacy than allopurinol (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.021). Rates of AEs did not differ across treatment groups. Adjudicated (APTC) CV event rates were 0.0% for febuxostat 40 mg and 0.4% for both febuxostat 80 mg and allopurinol. One death occurred in each febuxostat group and three in the allopurinol group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urate-lowering efficacy of febuxostat 80 mg exceeded that of febuxostat 40 mg and allopurinol (300\/200 mg), which were comparable. In subjects with mild\/moderate renal impairment, both febuxostat doses were more efficacious than allopurinol and equally safe. At the doses tested, safety of febuxostat and allopurinol was comparable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT00430248<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,7]],"date-time":"2010-04-07T00:46:51Z","timestamp":1270601211000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":448,"title":["The urate-lowering efficacy and safety of febuxostat in the treatment of the hyperuricemia of gout: the CONFIRMS trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Michael A","family":"Becker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H Ralph","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis R","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvin F","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Lademacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2813_CR1","first-page":"2403","volume":"29","author":"E Arromdee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arromdee E, Michet CJ, Crowson CS, O'Fallon WM, Gabriel SE: Epidemiology of gout: is the incidence rising?. 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