{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T12:03:43Z","timestamp":1782561823378,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]],"date-time":"2010-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1281398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]],"date-time":"2010-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1281398400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Laser Doppler imaging (LDI) is a relatively new method for assessing the functional aspect of superficial skin blood flow in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and Raynaud's phenomenon. The present study investigated the dynamic behavior of digital skin microvascular blood flow before and after cold stimulus (CS) in SSc patients and in healthy controls by means of a comprehensive approach of the functional (LDI), morphological (nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC)), and biochemical (fingertip lacticemy (FTL)) microcirculation components.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Forty-four SSc patients and 40 healthy controls were included. After acclimatization, all subjects underwent NFC followed by LDI and FTL measurement. NFC was performed with a stereomicroscope under 10\u00d7 to 20\u00d7 magnification in the 10 digits of the hands. Skin blood flow of the dorsum of four fingertips (excluding the thumb) of the left hand was measured using LDI at baseline and for 30 minutes after CS. The mean finger blood flow (FBF) of the four fingertips was expressed as arbitrary perfusion units. FTL was determined on the fourth left finger before (pre-CS-FTL) and 10 minutes after CS.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>LDI showed significantly lower mean baseline FBF in SSc patients as compared with controls (296.9 \u00b1 208.8 vs. 503.6 \u00b1 146.4 perfusion units; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and also at all time points after CS (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). There was a significant decrease in mean FBF after CS as compared with baseline in SSc patients and in controls, followed by recovery of the blood flow 27 minutes after CS in healthy controls, but not in SSc patients. FBF tended to be lower in patients with digital scars and previous ulceration\/amputation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.06). There was no correlation between mean baseline FBF and NFC parameters. Interestingly, there was a negative correlation between FTL and FBF measured by LDI in basal conditions and 10 minutes after CS in SSc patients.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>LDI showed lower digital blood flow in SSc patients when compared with healthy controls and correlated well with FTL both at baseline and after CS, allowing objective measurement of blood perfusion in SSc patients. The lack of correlation between functional and morphological microvascular abnormalities, measured by LDI and NFC, suggests they are complementary tools for evaluation of independent microangiopathy aspects in SSc patients.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]],"date-time":"2010-08-10T06:16:24Z","timestamp":1281420984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Comparison of laser Doppler imaging, fingertip lacticemy test, and nailfold capillaroscopy for assessment of digital microcirculation in systemic sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marcelo JU","family":"Correa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis EC","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane","family":"Kayser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2942_CR1","first-page":"2068","volume":"23","author":"HR Maricq","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maricq HR, Weinrich MC, Valter I, Palesch YY, Maricq JG: Digital vascular responses to cooling in subjects with cold sensitivity, primary Raynaud's phenomenon, or scleroderma spectrum disorders. J Rheumatol. 1996, 23: 2068-2078.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2942_CR2","first-page":"1171","volume":"17","author":"HR Maricq","year":"1990","unstructured":"Maricq HR, McGregor AR, Diat F, Smith EA, Maxwell DB, LeRoy EC, Weinrich MC: Major clinical diagnoses found among patients with raynaud Phenomenon from the General Population. J Rheumatol. 1990, 17: 1171-1176.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2942_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(03)00021-8","volume":"29","author":"NA Flavahan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Flavahan NA, Flavahan S, Mitra S, Chotani MA: The vasculopathy of Raynaud's phenomenon and scleroderma. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2003, 29: 275-291. 10.1016\/S0889-857X(03)00021-8.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2942_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.11.006","volume":"34","author":"AL Herrick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Herrick AL: Diagnosis and management of scleroderma peripheral vascular disease. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2008, 34: 89-114. 10.1016\/j.rdc.2007.11.006.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2942_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.57.2.70","volume":"57","author":"AL Herrick","year":"1998","unstructured":"Herrick AL, Clark S: Quantifying digital vascular disease in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1998, 57: 70-77. 10.1136\/ard.57.2.70.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2942_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230208","volume":"23","author":"HR Maricq","year":"1980","unstructured":"Maricq HR, LeRoy EC, D'Angelo WA, Medsger TA, Rodnan GP, Sharp GC, Wolfe JF: Diagnostic potencial of in vivo capillary microscopy in scleroderma and related disorders. Arthritis Rheum. 1980, 23: 183-189. 10.1002\/art.1780230208.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2942_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(90)90091-S","volume":"20","author":"LEC Andrade","year":"1990","unstructured":"Andrade LEC, Gabriel J\u00fanior A, Assad RL, Ferrari AJ, Atra E: Panoramic nailfold capillaroscopy: a new reading method and normal range. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1990, 20: 21-31. 10.1016\/0049-0172(90)90091-S.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2942_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11310","volume":"48","author":"M Cutolo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cutolo M, Grassi W, Matucci Cerinic M: Raynaud's phenomenon and the role of capillaroscopy. Arthritis Rheum. 2003, 48: 3023-3030. 10.1002\/art.11310.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2942_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-007-0681-3","volume":"26","author":"W Grassi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grassi W, De Angelis R: Capillaroscopy: questions and answers. Clin Rheumatol. 2007, 26: 2009-2016. 10.1007\/s10067-007-0681-3.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"2942_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780240907","volume":"24","author":"HR Maricq","year":"1981","unstructured":"Maricq HR: Wide-field capillary microscopy. Arthritis Rheum. 1981, 24: 1159-1165. 10.1002\/art.1780240907.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2942_CR11","first-page":"39","volume":"38","author":"J Dassonville","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dassonville J, Beillot J, Lessard Y, Jan J, Andr\u00e9 AM, Le Pourcelet C, Rochcongar P, Carr\u00e9 F: Blood lactate concentrations during exercise: effect of sampling site and exercise mode. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1998, 38: 39-46.","journal-title":"J Sports Med Phys Fitness"},{"key":"2942_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-971904","volume":"19","author":"JW Fell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fell JW, Rayfield JM, Gulbin JP, Gaffney PT: Evaluation of the Accusport lactate analyser. Int J Sports Med. 1998, 19: 199-204. 10.1055\/s-2007-971904.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"key":"2942_CR13","first-page":"1401","volume":"29","author":"MLC Pucinelli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pucinelli MLC, Fontenelle SMA, Andrade LEC: Determination of fingertip lacticemy before and after cold stimulus in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2002, 29: 1401-1403.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2942_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2005.04.004","volume":"70","author":"C Kayser","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kayser C, Pucinelli MLC, Fontenelle SMA, Andrade LEC: Cold stimulus-fingertip lacticemy: standardization of the test in normal volunteers and diagnostic application for systemic sclerosis. Microvasc Res. 2005, 70: 84-89. 10.1016\/j.mvr.2005.04.004.","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"2942_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem300","volume":"47","author":"SMA Fontenelle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fontenelle SMA, Kayser C, Pucinelli MLC, Andrade LEC: Cold stimulus-fingertip lacticemy test - an effective method to monitor acute nifedipine effects on primary Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology. 2008, 47: 80-83. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem300.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2942_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21911","volume":"54","author":"AK Murray","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murray AK, Moore TL, King TA, Herrick AL: Abnormal microvascular response is localized to the digits in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006, 54: 1952-1960. 10.1002\/art.21911.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2942_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24645","volume":"61","author":"AK Murray","year":"2009","unstructured":"Murray AK, Moore TL, Manning JB, Taylor C, Griffiths CE, Herrick AL: Noninvasive imaging techniques in the assessment of scleroderma spectrum disorders. Arthritis Rheum. 2009, 61: 1103-1111. 10.1002\/art.24645.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2942_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2281.2001.00364.x","volume":"21","author":"S Bornmyr","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bornmyr S, Castenfors J, Evander E, Olsson G, Hjortsberg U, Wollmer P: Effect of local cold provocation on systolic blood pressure and skin blood flow in the finger. Clin Physiol. 2001, 21: 570-575. 10.1046\/j.1365-2281.2001.00364.x.","journal-title":"Clin Physiol"},{"key":"2942_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20085","volume":"35","author":"AK Murray","year":"2004","unstructured":"Murray AK, Gorodkin RE, Moore TL, Gush RJ, Herrick AL, King TA: Comparison of red and green laser doppler imaging of blood flow. Lasers Surg Med. 2004, 35: 191-200. 10.1002\/lsm.20085.","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"2942_CR20","first-page":"47","volume":"18","author":"C Picart","year":"1998","unstructured":"Picart C, Carpentier PH, Brasseur S, Galliard H, Piau JM: Systemic sclerosis: blood rheometry and laser Doppler imaging of digital cutaneous microcirculation during local cold exposure. Clin Hemorheol. 1998, 18: 47-58.","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol"},{"key":"2942_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230510","volume":"23","author":"Subcommittee for Scleroderma Criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee","year":"1980","unstructured":"Subcommittee for Scleroderma Criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee: Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Arthritis Rheum. 1980, 23: 581-590. 10.1002\/art.1780230510.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2942_CR22","first-page":"1573","volume":"28","author":"EC LeRoy","year":"2001","unstructured":"LeRoy EC, Medsger TA: Criteria for the classification of early systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2001, 28: 1573-1576.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2942_CR23","first-page":"930","volume":"10","author":"P Lee","year":"1983","unstructured":"Lee P, Leung FY, Alderdice C, Armstrong SK: Nailfold capillary microscopy in the connective tissue diseases: a semiquantitative assesment. J Rheumatol. 1983, 10: 930-938.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2942_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh275","volume":"43","author":"AK Murray","year":"2004","unstructured":"Murray AK, Herrick AL, King TA: Laser Doppler imaging: a developing technique for application in the rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology. 2004, 43: 1210-1218. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh275.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2942_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-2862(03)00018-9","volume":"66","author":"S Clark","year":"2003","unstructured":"Clark S, Dunn G, Moore T, Jayson MIV, King TA, Herrick AL: Comparison of thermography and laser Doppler imaging in the assessment of Raynaud's phenomenon. Microvasc Res. 2003, 66: 73-76. 10.1016\/S0026-2862(03)00018-9.","journal-title":"Microvasc Res"},{"key":"2942_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1986.tb00781.x","volume":"6","author":"M Engelhart","year":"1986","unstructured":"Engelhart M, Kristensen JK: Raynaud's phenomenon: blood supply to fingers during indirect cooling, evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry. Clin Physiol. 1986, 6: 481-488. 10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1986.tb00781.x.","journal-title":"Clin Physiol"},{"key":"2942_CR27","first-page":"361","volume":"21","author":"GE Burch","year":"1981","unstructured":"Burch GE, Harb JM, Sun CS: Fine structure of digital vascular lesions in Raynaud's phenomenon and disease. Angiology. 1981, 21: 361-376.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"2942_CR28","first-page":"243","volume":"20","author":"DM Liedl","year":"1996","unstructured":"Liedl DM, Liedl DA, Schabauer AM, Rooke TW: Effects of ice water immersion on digital temperatures and cutaneous blood flow. J Vasc Technol. 1996, 20: 243-246.","journal-title":"J Vasc Technol"},{"key":"2942_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555634347","volume":"63","author":"JK Kristensen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kristensen JK, Engelhart M, Nielsen T: Laser-Doppler measurement of digital blood flow regulation in normals and in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Acta Derm Venereol. 1983, 63: 43-47.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2942_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh552","volume":"44","author":"AL Herrick","year":"2005","unstructured":"Herrick AL: Pathogenesis of Raynaud's phenomenon. Rheumatology. 2005, 44: 587-596. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh552.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"2942_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii33","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel280","volume":"45","author":"C Sunderk\u00f6tter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sunderk\u00f6tter C, Riemekasten G: Pathophysiology and clinical consequences of Raynaud's phenomenon related to systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology. 2006, 45 (Suppl 3): iii33-ii35. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel280.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"2942_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-821X(05)80123-9","volume":"8","author":"AM Seifalian","year":"1994","unstructured":"Seifalian AM, Stansby G, Jackson A, Howell K, Hamilton G: Comparison of laser Doppler perfusion imaging, laser Doppler flowmetry, and thermographic imaging for assessment of blood flow in human skin. Eur J Vasc Surg. 1994, 8: 65-69. 10.1016\/S0950-821X(05)80123-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"2942_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090187","volume":"36","author":"E Rosato","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rosato E, Borghese F, Pisarri S, Salsano F: Laser Doppler perfusion imaging is useful in the study of Raynaud's phenomenon and improves the capillaroscopic diagnosis. J Rheumatol. 2009, 36: 2257-2263. 10.3899\/jrheum.090187.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2942_CR34","first-page":"195","volume":"1","author":"HR Maricq","year":"1983","unstructured":"Maricq HR, Harper FE, Khan MM, Tan EM, LeRoy EC: Microvascular abnormalities as possible predictors of disease subsets in Raynaud phenomenon and early connective tissue disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1983, 1: 195-205.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2942_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00565.x","volume":"30","author":"A Bircher","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bircher A, de Boer EM, Agner T, Wahlberg JE, Serup J: Guidelines for measurement of cutaneous blood flow by laser Doppler flowmetry. A report from the Standardization Group of the European Society of Contact Dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 1994, 30: 65-72. 10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00565.x.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/ar3112.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/ar3112\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/ar3112.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T10:58:45Z","timestamp":1728385125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/ar3112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar3112","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6354","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 February 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2010","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2010","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2010","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"R157"}}