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Silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) plays a key role in various physiological processes. The aim of the present study was to verify the expression of SIRT1 and determine SIRT1 function in human intervertebral disc cell homeostasis.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods\n<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were obtained from 24 surgical patients (mean age: 39.4 years) and monolayer-cultured. SIRT1 expression was investigated using RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect mRNA expression of <jats:italic>SIRT1<\/jats:italic> and other genes: <jats:italic>aggrecan, collagen type 2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sox9<\/jats:italic>. The effect of SIRT1 on the extracellular matrix metabolism of NP cells was examined using recombinant human SIRT1 protein and a protein delivery reagent. Cell number and proliferation activity were measured following SIRT1 treatment. To reveal the deacetylation potential of transfected recombinant human SIRT1, western blotting for acetylated p53 was utilized. R-phycoerythrin was used for the negative control.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results\n<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>SIRT1 expression was confirmed at both mRNA and protein levels in almost all NP cells. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed <jats:italic>SIRT1<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression significantly increased with donor age (<jats:italic>P &lt;<\/jats:italic>0.05, \u03c1 = 0.492). Pfirrmann grade 3 discs showed significantly higher <jats:italic>SIRT1<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression than other grades. SIRT1 treatment significantly reduced <jats:italic>aggrecan, Sox9<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>collagen type 2<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner in all disease classes and disc degeneration grades. Proliferation activity was decreased by SIRT1 treatment in lumbar spinal stenosis and lumbar disc herniation, Pfirrmann grade 3 and grade 4 discs. In contrast, it was significantly upregulated in idiopathic scoliosis, Pfirrmann grade 2 discs. The negative control protein did not affect extracellular matrix metabolism or proliferation activity.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions\n<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>We demonstrate for the first time that SIRT1 is expressed by human NP cells. <jats:italic>SIRT1<\/jats:italic> expression was significantly elevated in an early degeneration stage. SIRT1 affected both extracellular matrix metabolism and proliferation activity; the effect of SIRT1 was altered according to disease class and disc degeneration grade. SIRT1 appears to play a key role in homeostasis during the human intervertebral disc degeneration process.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,8]],"date-time":"2011-12-08T20:32:02Z","timestamp":1323376322000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Expression of silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 and its role in human intervertebral disc cell homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhongying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Kakutani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Maeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yurube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Doita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Kurosaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3282_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01312-4","volume":"354","author":"GB Andersson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Andersson GB: Epidemiological features of chronic low-back pain. 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