{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T13:19:23Z","timestamp":1762521563984},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]],"date-time":"2013-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357257600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]],"date-time":"2013-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and characteristics of subclinical arthritis of carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Low-field (0.2 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in consecutive patients with SSc attending our center between January 2010 and March 2011. Results were assessed in a standardized manner using the Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (RAMRIS) and standardized assessments of all hand joints. Patients with arthritis due to overlap syndromes were excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Of 38 inpatients and eight outpatients who were screened for inclusion, 30 patients participated in the study and 26 patients could be evaluated. Erosions, bone marrow edema, synovitis, and joint effusions were found in 87%, 37%, 68%, and 58%, respectively, and 24% of patients had additional tenovaginitis. Arthritis affected only a low number of joints per analyzed hand. All bones and joints could be affected, but synovitis and bone marrow edema occurred predominantly in the proximal row of carpal bones, most frequently affecting the lunate bone. The extent of inflammatory changes measured with the RAMRIS correlated significantly with the functional status assessed with the validated German functional score questionnaire Funktionsfragebogen Hannover.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Low-grade arthritic changes on low-field MRI are frequent in patients with pure SSc. The features of arthritis in SSc differ from rheumatoid arthritis. The distribution, the MRI pattern and the predilection for the lunate bone raise the hypothesis that arthritis in SSc may be caused not only by immunological inflammation but also by ischemic mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]],"date-time":"2013-01-04T11:14:38Z","timestamp":1357298078000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Low-field magnetic resonance imaging study on carpal arthritis in systemic sclerosis - low-grade erosive arthritis of carpal bones is an unexpected and frequent disease manifestation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Elif","family":"Akbayrak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Dinser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"M\u00fcller-Ladner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingo H","family":"Tarner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3867_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-56-3-422","volume":"56","author":"GP Rodnan","year":"1962","unstructured":"Rodnan GP: The nature of joint involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis (diffuse scleroderma). Ann Int Med. 1962, 56: 422-439.","journal-title":"Ann Int Med"},{"key":"3867_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/34.9.831","volume":"34","author":"R Misra","year":"1995","unstructured":"Misra R, Darton K, Jewkes RF, Black CM, Maini RN: Arthritis in scleroderma. Br J Rheumatol. 1995, 34: 831-837. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/34.9.831.","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"3867_CR3","first-page":"91","volume":"21","author":"M Jinnin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jinnin M, Ihn H, Yamane K, Asano Y, Yazawa N, Tamaki K: Clinical features of patients with systemic sclerosis accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2003, 21: 91-94.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"3867_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780240702","volume":"24","author":"KL Blocka","year":"1981","unstructured":"Blocka KL, Bassett LW, Furst DE, Clements PJ, Paulus HE: The arthropathy of advanced progressive systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1981, 24: 874-884. 10.1002\/art.1780240702.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"3867_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken179","volume":"47","author":"N Hunzelmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hunzelmann N, Genth E, Krieg T, Lehmacher W, Melchers I, Meurer M, Moinzadeh P, M\u00fcller-Ladner U, Pfeiffer C, Riemekasten G, Schulze-Lohoff E, Sunderkoetter C, Weber M, Worm M, Klaus P, Rubbert A, Steinbrink K, Grundt B, Hein R, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Hinrichs R, Walker K, Szeimies RM, Karrer S, M\u00fcller A, Seitz C, Schmidt E, Lehmann P, Foeldv\u00e1ri I, Reichenberger F, et al: The registry of the German Network for Systemic Scleroderma: frequency of disease subsets and patterns of organ involvement. Rheumatology. 2008, 47: 1185-1192. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken179.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"3867_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091165","volume":"37","author":"J Avouac","year":"2010","unstructured":"Avouac J, Walker U, Tyndall A, Kahan A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Allanore Y, EUSTAR, Miniati I, Muller A, Iannone F, Distler O, Becvar R, Sierakowsky S, Kowal-Bielecka O, Coelho P, Cabane J, Cutolo M, Shoenfeld Y, Valentini G, Rovensky J, Riemekasten G, Vlachoyiannopoulos P, Caporali R, Jiri S, Inanc M, Zimmermann Gorska I, Carreira P, Novak S, Czirjak L, Oliveira Ramos F, et al: Characteristics of joint involvement and relationship with systemic inflammation in systemic sclerosis: results from the EULAR scleroderma trial and research group (EUSTAR) database. J Rheumatol. 2010, 37: 1488-1501. 10.3899\/jrheum.091165.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"3867_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.09.010","volume":"23","author":"T Schmeiser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmeiser T, Pons-K\u00fchnemann J, \u00d6zden F, M\u00fcller-Ladner U, Dinser R: Arthritis in patients with systemic sclerosis. Eur J Int Med. 2012, 23: e25-e29. 10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.09.010.","journal-title":"Eur J Int Med"},{"key":"3867_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.038018","volume":"64","author":"M \u00d8stergaard","year":"2005","unstructured":"\u00d8stergaard M, Duer A, Nielsen H, Johansen JS, Narvestad E, Ejbjerg BJ, Baslund B, M\u00f8ller JM, Thomsen HS, Petersen J: Magnetic resonance imaging for accelerated assessment of drug effect and prediction of subsequent radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a study of patients receiving combined anakinra and methotrexate treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005, 64: 1503-1506. 10.1136\/ard.2005.038018.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"3867_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080795","volume":"36","author":"AH Low","year":"2009","unstructured":"Low AH, Lax M, Johnson SR, Lee P: Magnetic resonance imaging of the hand in systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2009, 36: 961-964. 10.3899\/jrheum.080795.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"3867_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq268","volume":"49","author":"S Chitale","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chitale S, Ciapetti A, Hodgson R, Grainger A, O'Connor P, Goodson NJ, Thompson RN, Estrach C, Moots RJ, Grassi W, Anderson ME: Magnetic resonance imaging and musculoskeletal ultrasonography detect and characterize covert inflammatory arthropathy in systemic sclerosis patients with arthralgia. Rheumatology. 2010, 49: 2357-2361. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq268.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"3867_CR11","first-page":"202","volume":"15","author":"EC LeRoy","year":"1988","unstructured":"LeRoy EC, Black C, Fleischmajer R, Jablonska S, Krieg T, Medsger TA, Rowell N, Wollheim F: Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis): classification, subsets and pathogenesis. J Rheumatol. 1988, 15: 202-205.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"3867_CR12","first-page":"64","volume":"34","author":"J Zochling","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zochling J, Stucki G, Grill E, Braun J: A comparative study of patient-reported functional outcomes in acute rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2007, 34: 64-69.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"3867_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200523040-00007","volume":"23","author":"PK Sch\u00e4dlich","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4dlich PK, Zeidler H, Zink A, Gromnica-Ihle E, Schneider M, Straub C, Brecht JG, Huppertz E: Modelling cost effectiveness and cost utility of sequential DMARD therapy including leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis in Germany. Pharmacoeconomics. 2005, 23: 377-393. 10.2165\/00019053-200523040-00007.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"3867_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.029850","volume":"64","author":"BJ Ejbjerg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ejbjerg BJ, Narvestad E, Jacobsen S, Thomsen HS, Ostergaard M: Optimised, low cost, low field dedicated extremity MRI is highly specific and sensitive for synovitis and bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis wrist and finger joints: comparison with conventional high field MRI and radiography. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005, 64: 1280-1287. 10.1136\/ard.2004.029850.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"3867_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.149377","volume":"70","author":"F Gandjbakhch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gandjbakhch F, Foltz V, Mallet A, Bourgeois P, Fautrel B: Bone marrow oedema predicts structural progression in a 1 year follow up of 85 patients with RA in remission or with low disease activity with low field MRI. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011, 70: 2159-2162. 10.1136\/ard.2010.149377.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"3867_CR16","first-page":"1385","volume":"30","author":"M \u00d8stergaard","year":"2003","unstructured":"\u00d8stergaard M, Peterfy C, Conaghan P, McQueen F, Bird P, Ejbjerg B, Shnier R, O'Connor P, Klarlund M, Emery P, Genant H, Lassere M, Edmonds J: OMERACT rheumatoid arthritis magnetic resonance imaging studies. Core set of MRI acquisitions, joint pathology definitions, and the OMERACT RAMRI Scoring system. J Rheumatol. 2003, 30: 1385-1386.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"3867_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21493","volume":"52","author":"EA Haavardsholm","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haavardsholm EA, Ostergaard M, Ejbjerg BJ, Kvan NP, Uhlig TA, Lilleas FG, Kvien TK: Reliability and sensitivity to change of the OMERACT Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score in a multireader, longitudinal setting. Arthritis Rheum. 2005, 52: 3860-3867. 10.1002\/art.21493.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"3867_CR18","unstructured":"Kendall Tau Rank Correlation (v1.0.10). [http:\/\/www.wessa.net\/rwasp_kendall.wasp\/]"},{"key":"3867_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584","volume":"62","author":"D Aletaha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, Funovits J, Felson DT, Bingham CO, Birnbaum NS, Burmester GR, Bykerk VP, Cohen MD, Combe B, Costenbader KH, Dougados M, Emery P, Ferraccioli G, Hazes JM, Hobbs K, Huizinga TW, Kavanaugh A, Kay J, Kvien TK, Laing T, Mease P, M\u00e9nard HA, Moreland LW, Naden RL, Pincus T, Smolen JS, Stanislawska-Biernat E, Symmons D, et al: Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2010, 62: 2569-2581. 10.1002\/art.27584.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"3867_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302","volume":"31","author":"FC Arnett","year":"1988","unstructured":"Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, Mcshane DJ, Fries JF, Cooper NS, Healey LA, Kaplan SR, Liang MH, Luthra HS, Medsger TA, Mitchell DM, Neustadt DH, Pinals RS, Schaller JG, Sharp JT, Wilder RL, Hunder GG: The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1988, 31: 315-324. 10.1002\/art.1780310302.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"3867_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090062","volume":"37","author":"E Olech","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olech E, Crues JV, Yocum DE, Merrill JT: Bone marrow edema is the most specific finding for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging of the hands and wrists: a comparison of patients with RA and healthy controls. J Rheumatol. 2010, 37: 265-274. 10.3899\/jrheum.090062.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"3867_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel137","volume":"45","author":"K Palosaari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Palosaari K, Vuotila J, Takalo R, Jartti A, Niemel\u00e4 RK, Karjalainen A, Haapea M, Soini I, Tervonen O, Hakala M: Bone oedema predicts erosive progression in early RA - a 2-yr observational MRI and NC scintigraphy study. Rheumatology. 2006, 45: 1542-1548. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel137.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"3867_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10100851","volume":"259","author":"JJ Sheehan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sheehan JJ, Fan Z, Davarpanah AH, Hodnett PA, Varga J, Carr JC, Li D: Nonenhanced MR angiography of the hand with flow-sensitive dephasing-prepared balanced SSFP sequence: initial experience with systemic sclerosis. Radiology. 2011, 259: 248-256. 10.1148\/radiol.10100851.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"3867_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker414","volume":"51","author":"M Frerix","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frerix M, Stegbauer J, Dragun D, Kreuter A, Weiner S: Ulnar artery occlusion is predictive of digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology. 2012, 51: 735-742. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker414.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"3867_CR25","first-page":"155","volume":"5","author":"B Agus","year":"1987","unstructured":"Agus B: Bilateral aseptic necrosis of the lunate in systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1987, 5: 155-157.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"3867_CR26","first-page":"730","volume":"17","author":"AK Matsumoto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Matsumoto AK, Moore R, Alli P, Wigley FM: Three cases of osteonecrosis of the lunate bone of the wrist in scleroderma. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1999, 17: 730-732.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"3867_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.134304","volume":"70","author":"J Avouac","year":"2011","unstructured":"Avouac J, Mogavero G, Guerini H, Drap\u00e9 JL, Mathieu A, Kahan A, Allanore Y: Predictive factors of hand radiographic lesions in systemic sclerosis: a prospective study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011, 70: 630-633. 10.1136\/ard.2010.134304.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"3867_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.099382","volume":"68","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Steiner G: Does damage cause inflammation? Revisiting the link between joint damage and inflammation. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009, 68: 159-162. 10.1136\/ard.2008.099382.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/ar4128.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/ar4128\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/ar4128.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T10:49:34Z","timestamp":1728384574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/ar4128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3867"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar4128","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6354"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1478-6354"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2012","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2013","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2013","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"R2"}}