{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:20:06Z","timestamp":1787242806285,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,31]],"date-time":"2013-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,31]],"date-time":"2013-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of Veterans Affairs (VA) databases for gout-related health care utilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study utilized VA administrative and clinical databases. A random sample of gout patients with visits (outpatient, inpatient or emergent\/urgent care) with or without the diagnosis of gout (International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, common modification ICD-9-CM code of 274.x or 274.xx) at the Birmingham VA hospital was selected. A blinded abstractor performed a review of VA electronic health records for the documentation of gout or gout-related terms (gouty arthritis, tophaceous gout, tophus\/tophi, acute gout, chronic gout, podagra, urate stones, urate or uric acid crystals and so on) in the chief complaint, history of present illness or assessment and plan for the visit; this constituted the gold standard for gout-related utilization. The accuracy of database-derived gout-related claims was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 108 potential visits, 85 outpatient, inpatient or urgent care\/emergency room visits to a health care provider (85 patients: 84 men and 1 woman with a mean age of 63 years) and retrievable data from medical records constituted the analyzed dataset. Administrative claims for gout-related utilization with ICD-9 code for gout were accurate with a PPV of 86%, specificity of 95%, sensitivity of 86% and NPV of 95%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>VA databases are accurate for gout-related visits. These findings support their use for studies of health services and outcome studies. It remains to be seen if these findings are generalizable to other settings and databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4425","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,31]],"date-time":"2013-12-31T05:01:34Z","timestamp":1388466094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Veterans Affairs databases are accurate for gout-related health care utilization: a validation study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jasvinder A","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"4451_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3136","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30520","volume":"63","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Pandya BJ, Choi HK: Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007\u20132008. Arthritis Rheum. 2011, 63: 3136-3141. 10.1002\/art.30520.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"4451_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem150","volume":"46","author":"E Roddy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roddy E, Zhang W, Doherty M: Is gout associated with reduced quality of life? A case\u2013control study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007, 46: 1441-1444. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem150.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"4451_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.081604","volume":"67","author":"JA Singh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Singh JA, Strand V: Gout is associated with more comorbidities, poorer health-related quality of life and higher healthcare utilisation in US veterans. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008, 67: 1310-1316.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"4451_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00173.x","volume":"10","author":"NL Kleinman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kleinman NL, Brook RA, Patel PA, Melkonian AK, Brizee TJ, Smeeding JE, Joseph-Ridge N: The impact of gout on work absence and productivity. Value Health. 2007, 10: 231-237. 10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00173.x.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"4451_CR5","unstructured":"100 Initial Priority Topics for Comparative Effectiveness Research. Available at: http:\/\/www.iom.edu\/~\/media\/Files\/Report%20Files\/2009\/ComparativeEffectivenessResearchPriorities\/Stand%20Alone%20List%20of%20100%20CER%20Priorities%20-%20for%20web.ashx"},{"key":"4451_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.081195","volume":"36","author":"A Malik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Malik A, Dinnella JE, Kwoh CK, Schumacher HR: Poor validation of medical record ICD-9 diagnoses of gout in a veterans affairs database. J Rheumatol. 2009, 36: 1283-1286. 10.3899\/jrheum.081195.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"4451_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22474","volume":"57","author":"LR Harrold","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harrold LR, Saag KG, Yood RA, Mikuls TR, Andrade SE, Fouayzi H, Davis J, Chan KA, Raebel MA, Von Worley A, Platt R: Validity of gout diagnoses in administrative data. Arthritis Rheum. 2007, 57: 103-108. 10.1002\/art.22474.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"4451_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3181945b79","volume":"15","author":"A Malik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Malik A, Schumacher HR, Dinnella JE, Clayburne GM: Clinical diagnostic criteria for gout: comparison with the gold standard of synovial fluid crystal analysis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2009, 15: 22-24. 10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3181945b79.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"4451_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes183","volume":"51","author":"JJ Saseen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saseen JJ, Agashivala N, Allen RR, Ghushchyan V, Yadao AM, Nair KV: Comparison of patient characteristics and gout-related health-care resource utilization and costs in patients with frequent versus infrequent gouty arthritis attacks. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012, 51: 2004-2012. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes183.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"4451_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.01.020","volume":"34","author":"H Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park H, Rascati KL, Prasla K, McBayne T: Evaluation of health care costs and utilization patterns for patients with gout. Clin Ther. 2012, 34: 640-652. 10.1016\/j.clinthera.2012.01.020.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"4451_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e157","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0b013e31820543c5","volume":"19","author":"EQ Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu EQ, Forsythe A, Guerin A, Yu AP, Latremouille-Viau D, Tsaneva M: Comorbidity burden, healthcare resource utilization, and costs in chronic gout patients refractory to conventional urate-lowering therapy. Am J Ther. 2012, 19: e157-e166. 10.1097\/MJT.0b013e31820543c5.","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"key":"4451_CR12","first-page":"828","volume":"10","author":"JB Perlin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Perlin JB, Kolodner RM, Roswell RH: The Veterans Health Administration: quality, value, accountability, and information as transforming strategies for patient-centered care. Am J Manag Care. 2004, 10: 828-836.","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"4451_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22682","volume":"57","author":"JA Singh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Singh JA, Holmgren AR, Krug H, Noorbaloochi S: Accuracy of the diagnoses of spondylarthritides in veterans affairs medical center databases. Arthritis Rheum. 2007, 57: 648-655. 10.1002\/art.22682.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"4451_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20827","volume":"51","author":"JA Singh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Singh JA, Holmgren AR, Noorbaloochi S: Accuracy of Veterans Administration databases for a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004, 51: 952-957. 10.1002\/art.20827.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"4451_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.051649","volume":"65","author":"LR Harrold","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harrold LR, Yood RA, Mikuls TR, Andrade SE, Davis J, Fuller J, Chan KA, Roblin D, Raebel MA, Von Worley A, Platt R, Saag KG: Sex differences in gout epidemiology: evaluation and treatment. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006, 65: 1368-1372. 10.1136\/ard.2006.051649.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"4451_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3181945d2c","volume":"15","author":"R Halpern","year":"2009","unstructured":"Halpern R, Fuldeore MJ, Mody RR, Patel PA, Mikuls TR: The effect of serum urate on gout flares and their associated costs: an administrative claims analysis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2009, 15: 3-7. 10.1097\/RHU.0b013e3181945d2c.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"4451_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-12-103","volume":"12","author":"P Primatesta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Primatesta P, Plana E, Rothenbacher D: Gout treatment and comorbidities: a retrospective cohort study in a large US managed care population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011, 12: 103-10.1186\/1471-2474-12-103.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"4451_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq363","volume":"50","author":"D Rothenbacher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rothenbacher D, Primatesta P, Ferreira A, Cea-Soriano L, Rodriguez LA: Frequency and risk factors of gout flares in a large population-based cohort of incident gout. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011, 50: 973-981. 10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq363.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"4451_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.4065\/81.7.925","volume":"81","author":"CA Sarawate","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sarawate CA, Brewer KK, Yang W, Patel PA, Schumacher HR, Saag KG, Bakst AW: Gout medication treatment patterns and adherence to standards of care from a managed care perspective. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006, 81: 925-934. 10.4065\/81.7.925.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/ar4425.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/ar4425\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/ar4425.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T06:07:45Z","timestamp":1728367665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/ar4425"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,31]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar4425","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6354","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 August 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 December 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"R224"}}