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[<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]DPA-714 is a specific tracer of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), which is overexpressed on activated macrophages, and proposed as a biomarker of neuroinflammation. Today, diagnosis of patients with early inflammatory arthritis is limited by poor sensitivity and specificity. The present study aims to investigate the potential of [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]DPA-714 to monitor <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> inflammatory processes at a preclinical stage via positron emission tomography (PET).<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>RA was induced in Dark Agouti rats by subcutaneous injection of inactivated <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>. Development of arthritis clinical signs was investigated daily and the severity of the disease evaluated. Animals were imaged at the peak of inflammation using [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]DPA-714 and a small-animal PET-CT tomograph.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>The first clinical signs appeared at 10\u2009days post-injection, with a peak of inflammation at 20\u2009days. At this time, PET-analyses showed a clear uptake of [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]DPA-714 in swollen ankles, with mean values of 0.52\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18% injected dose (ID\/cc) for treated (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911) and 0.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09 for non-treated (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) rats. A good correlation between [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]DPA-714\u2019s uptake and swelling was also found. Immunohistochemistry showed an enhanced TSPO expression in hind paws, mainly co-localized with the macrophages specific antigen CD68 expressing cells.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>These preliminary results demonstrate that the TSPO 18kDa specific radioligand [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]DPA-714 is adapted for the study and follow-up of inflammation linked to RA in our experimental model, suggesting also a strong potential for clinical imaging of peripheral inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]],"date-time":"2014-03-13T10:03:05Z","timestamp":1394704985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["[18F]DPA-714 as a biomarker for positron emission tomography imaging of rheumatoid arthritis in an animal model"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"G\u00e9raldine","family":"Pottier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Bernards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Doll\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Boisgard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"4154_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60826-4","volume":"376","author":"DL Scott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scott DL, Wolfe F, Huizinga TW: Rheumatoid arthritis. 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