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To determine the therapeutic efficacy of CXCL10 blockade, we investigated the role of CXCL10 and the effect of anti-CXCL10 antibody treatment in C protein-induced myositis (CIM), an animal model of polymyositis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>CIM was induced with human skeletal muscle C protein fragment in female C57BL\/6 mice. Immunohistochemistry of CXCL10 and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and measurement of serum CXCL10 were performed. Cell surface markers and interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) in CIM lymph node cells was investigated by flow cytometry. Mice with CIM were treated with anti-CXCL10 antibody or control antibody (anti-RVG1) and the inflammation in muscle tissue was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunohistochemistry showed increased expression of CXCL10 and CXCR3 in the inflammatory lesions of muscle in CIM. Especially, CD8+ T cells invading myofiber expressed CXCR3. Serum level of CXCL10 was increased in CIM compared to the level in normal mice (normal mouse, 14.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.3\u00a0pg\/ml vs. CIM, 368.5\u2009\u00b1\u2009135.6\u00a0pg\/ml,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). CXCR3 positivity in CD8+ T cells was increased compared to that of CD4+ T cells in the lymph node cells of CIM (CXCR3+ among CD8+ T cell, 65.9\u2009\u00b1\u20092.1% vs. CXCR3+ among CD4+ T cell, 23.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001). Moreover, IFN-\u03b3+\u2009cells were increased among CXCR3+CD8+ T cells compared to CXCR3\u2013CD8+ T cells (CXCR3+CD8+ T cell, 28.0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.2% vs. CXCR3-CD8+ T cell, 9.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.016). Migration of lymph node cells was increased in response to CXCL10 (chemotactic index was 1.91\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45). CIM mice treated with anti-CXCL10 antibody showed a lower inflammation score in muscles than those with anti-RVG1 (median, anti-CXCL10 treatment group, 0.625 vs. anti-RVG1 treatment group, 1.25,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>CXCL10\/CXCR3 expression was increased in the inflammation of CIM model and its blockade suppressed inflammation in muscle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]],"date-time":"2014-06-17T16:50:22Z","timestamp":1403023822000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Therapeutic effect of anti-C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) antibody on C protein-induced myositis mouse"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jinhyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Yong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Hye","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hee","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Ah","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kichul","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kawachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Kohsaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeong Wook","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"4210_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80165-X","volume":"12","author":"A Zlotnik","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zlotnik A, Yoshie O: Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity. 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