{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T16:38:03Z","timestamp":1790527083400,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,22]],"date-time":"2009-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242950400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,22]],"date-time":"2009-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Breast Cancer Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>The aim of this study was to describe breast tumor subtypes by common breast cancer risk factors and to determine correlates of subtypes using baseline data from two pooled prospective breast cancer studies within a large health maintenance organization.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Tumor data on 2544 invasive breast cancer cases subtyped by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) status were obtained (1868 luminal A tumors, 294 luminal B tumors, 288 triple-negative tumors and 94 Her2-overexpressing tumors). Demographic, reproductive and lifestyle information was collected either in person or by mailed questionnaires. Case-only odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression, adjusting for age at diagnosis, race\/ethnicity, and study origin.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Compared with luminal A cases, luminal B cases were more likely to be younger at diagnosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001) and were less likely to consume alcohol (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.98), use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.46 to 0.94), and oral contraceptives (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55 to 0.96). Compared with luminal A cases, triple-negative cases tended to be younger at diagnosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.0001) and African American (OR = 3.14, 95% CI = 2.12 to 4.16), were more likely to have not breastfed if they had parity greater than or equal to three (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.00 to 2.81), and were more likely to be overweight (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.03 to 3.24) or obese (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.03 to 3.77) if premenopausal. Her2-overexpressing cases were more likely to be younger at diagnosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03) and Hispanic (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.16 to 4.13) or Asian (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.05 to 3.88), and less likely to use HRT (OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.26 to 0.79).<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>These observations suggest that investigators should consider tumor heterogeneity in associations with traditional breast cancer risk factors. Important modifiable lifestyle factors that may be related to the development of a specific tumor subtype, but not all subtypes, include obesity, breastfeeding, and alcohol consumption. Future work that will further categorize triple-negative cases into basal and non-basal tumors may help to elucidate these associations further.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,22]],"date-time":"2009-05-22T18:15:00Z","timestamp":1243016100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":240,"title":["Epidemiology of breast cancer subtypes in two prospective cohort studies of breast cancer survivors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marilyn L","family":"Kwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence H","family":"Kushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Weltzien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Maring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E","family":"Kutner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regan S","family":"Fulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion M","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine B","family":"Ambrosone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bette J","family":"Caan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2225_CR1","volume-title":"Cancer facts and figures 2008","author":"American Cancer Society","year":"2008","unstructured":"American Cancer Society: Cancer facts and figures 2008. 2008, Atlanta: American Cancer Society"},{"key":"2225_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.21.2492","volume":"295","author":"LA Carey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA, Dressler LG, Cowan D, Conway K, Karaca G, Troester MA, Tse CK, Edmiston S, Deming SL, Geradts J, Cheang MC, Nielsen TO, Moorman PG, Earp HS, Millikan RC: Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. JAMA. 2006, 295: 2492-2502. 10.1001\/jama.295.21.2492.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2225_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5367","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0220","volume":"10","author":"TO Nielsen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nielsen TO, Hsu FD, Jensen K, Cheang M, Karaca G, Hu Z, Hernandez-Boussard T, Livasy C, Cowan D, Dressler L, Akslen LA, Ragaz J, Gown AM, Gilks CB, Rijn van de M, Perou CM: Immunohistochemical and clinical characterization of the basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2004, 10: 5367-5374. 10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0220.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2225_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/35021093","volume":"406","author":"CM Perou","year":"2000","unstructured":"Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, Rijn van de M, Jeffrey SS, Rees CA, Pollack JR, Ross DT, Johnsen H, Akslen LA, Fluge O, Pergamenschikov A, Williams C, Zhu SX, Lonning PE, Borresen-Dale AL, Brown PO, Botstein D: Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2000, 406: 747-752. 10.1038\/35021093.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2225_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2006.08.015","volume":"42","author":"EA Rakha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rakha EA, El-Rehim DA, Paish C, Green AR, Lee AH, Robertson JF, Blamey RW, Macmillan D, Ellis IO: Basal phenotype identifies a poor prognostic subgroup of breast cancer of clinical importance. Eur J Cancer. 2006, 42: 3149-3156. 10.1016\/j.ejca.2006.08.015.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2225_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10869","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.191367098","volume":"98","author":"T Sorlie","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sorlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, Aas T, Geisler S, Johnsen H, Hastie T, Eisen MB, Rijn van de M, Jeffrey SS, Thorsen T, Quist H, Matese JC, Brown PO, Botstein D, Eystein Lonning P, Borresen-Dale AL: Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001, 98: 10869-10874. 10.1073\/pnas.191367098.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2225_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23518","volume":"123","author":"F Bertucci","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bertucci F, Finetti P, Cervera N, Esterni B, Hermitte F, Viens P, Birnbaum D: How basal are triple-negative breast cancers?. Int J Cancer. 2008, 123: 236-240. 10.1002\/ijc.23518.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2225_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdm360","volume":"18","author":"FC Bidard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bidard FC, Conforti R, Boulet T, Michiels S, Delaloge S, Andre F: Does triple-negative phenotype accurately identify basal-like tumour? An immunohistochemical analysis based on 143 'triple-negative' breast cancers. Ann Oncol. 2007, 18: 1285-1286. 10.1093\/annonc\/mdm360.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2225_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-007-9756-8","volume":"111","author":"DS Tan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tan DS, Marchio C, Jones RL, Savage K, Smith IE, Dowsett M, Reis-Filho JS: Triple negative breast cancer: molecular profiling and prognostic impact in adjuvant anthracycline-treated patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008, 111: 27-44. 10.1007\/s10549-007-9756-8.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2225_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22618","volume":"109","author":"KR Bauer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bauer KR, Brown M, Cress RD, Parise CA, Caggiano V: Descriptive analysis of estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and HER2-negative invasive breast cancer, the so-called triple-negative phenotype: a population-based study from the California cancer Registry. Cancer. 2007, 109: 1721-1728. 10.1002\/cncr.22618.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2225_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23243","volume":"112","author":"M Brown","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brown M, Tsodikov A, Bauer KR, Parise CA, Caggiano V: The role of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in the survival of women with estrogen and progesterone receptor-negative, invasive breast cancer: the California Cancer Registry, 1999\u20132004. Cancer. 2008, 112: 737-747. 10.1002\/cncr.23243.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2225_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1109","volume":"13","author":"LA Carey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carey LA, Dees EC, Sawyer L, Gatti L, Moore DT, Collichio F, Ollila DW, Sartor CI, Graham ML, Perou CM: The triple negative paradox: primary tumor chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res. 2007, 13: 2329-2334. 10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-1109.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2225_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-1658","volume":"14","author":"MC Cheang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheang MC, Voduc D, Bajdik C, Leung S, McKinney S, Chia SK, Perou CM, Nielsen TO: Basal-like breast cancer defined by five biomarkers has superior prognostic value than triple-negative phenotype. Clin Cancer Res. 2008, 14: 1368-1376. 10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-07-1658.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2225_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4429","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-3045","volume":"13","author":"R Dent","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dent R, Trudeau M, Pritchard KI, Hanna WM, Kahn HK, Sawka CA, Lickley LA, Rawlinson E, Sun P, Narod SA: Triple-negative breast cancer: clinical features and patterns of recurrence. Clin Cancer Res. 2007, 13: 4429-4434. 10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-3045.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2225_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R66","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1622","volume":"8","author":"LN Harris","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harris LN, Broadwater G, Lin NU, Miron A, Schnitt SJ, Cowan D, Lara J, Bleiweiss I, Berry D, Ellis M, Hayes DF, Winer EP, Dressler L: Molecular subtypes of breast cancer in relation to paclitaxel response and outcomes in women with metastatic disease: results from CALGB 9342. Breast Cancer Res. 2006, 8: R66-10.1186\/bcr1622.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2225_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2007.03.085","volume":"143","author":"CU Ihemelandu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ihemelandu CU, Leffall LD, Dewitty RL, Naab TJ, Mezghebe HM, Makambi KH, Adams-Campbell L, Frederick WA: Molecular breast cancer subtypes in premenopausal and postmenopausal African-American women: age-specific prevalence and survival. J Surg Res. 2007, 143: 109-118. 10.1016\/j.jss.2007.03.085.","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"key":"2225_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-008-9926-3","volume":"113","author":"MJ Lund","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lund MJ, Trivers KF, Porter PL, Coates RJ, Leyland-Jones B, Brawley OW, Flagg EW, O'Regan RM, Gabram SG, Eley JW: Race and triple negative threats to breast cancer survival: a population-based study in Atlanta, GA. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009, 113: 357-370. 10.1007\/s10549-008-9926-3.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2225_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2007.07.017","volume":"16","author":"J Kurebayashi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kurebayashi J, Moriya T, Ishida T, Hirakawa H, Kurosumi M, Akiyama F, Kinoshita T, Takei H, Takahashi K, Ikeda M, Nakashima K: The prevalence of intrinsic subtypes and prognosis in breast cancer patients of different races. Breast. 2007, 16 (Suppl 2): S72-77. 10.1016\/j.breast.2007.07.017.","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"2225_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-7-134","volume":"7","author":"M Tischkowitz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tischkowitz M, Brunet JS, Begin LR, Huntsman DG, Cheang MC, Akslen LA, Nielsen TO, Foulkes WD: Use of immunohistochemical markers can refine prognosis in triple negative breast cancer. BMC Cancer. 2007, 7: 134-10.1186\/1471-2407-7-134.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2225_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-007-9560-5","volume":"107","author":"A Stark","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stark A, Kapke A, Schultz D, Brown R, Linden M, Raju U: Advanced stages and poorly differentiated grade are associated with an increased risk of HER2\/neu positive breast carcinoma only in White women: findings from a prospective cohort study of African-American and White-American women. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008, 107: 405-414. 10.1007\/s10549-007-9560-5.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2225_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604174","volume":"98","author":"RL Bowen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bowen RL, Duffy SW, Ryan DA, Hart IR, Jones JL: Early onset of breast cancer in a group of British black women. Br J Cancer. 2008, 98: 277-281. 10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604174.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2225_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-007-9632-6","volume":"109","author":"RC Millikan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Millikan RC, Newman B, Tse CK, Moorman PG, Conway K, Smith LV, Labbok MH, Geradts J, Bensen JT, Jackson S, Nyante S, Livasy C, Carey L, Earp HS, Perou CM: Epidemiology of basal-like breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008, 109: 123-139. 10.1007\/s10549-007-9632-6.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2225_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5652","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.5664","volume":"24","author":"BG Haffty","year":"2006","unstructured":"Haffty BG, Yang Q, Reiss M, Kearney T, Higgins SA, Weidhaas J, Harris L, Hait W, Toppmeyer D: Locoregional relapse and distant metastasis in conservatively managed triple negative early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006, 24: 5652-5657. 10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.5664.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2225_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23569","volume":"113","author":"MJ Lund","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lund MJ, Butler EN, Bumpers HL, Okoli J, Rizzo M, Hatchett N, Green VL, Brawley OW, Oprea-Ilies GM, Gabram SG: High prevalence of triple-negative tumors in an urban cancer center. Cancer. 2008, 113: 608-615. 10.1002\/cncr.23569.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2225_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22836","volume":"110","author":"GJ Morris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morris GJ, Naidu S, Topham AK, Guiles F, Xu Y, McCue P, Schwartz GF, Park PK, Rosenberg AL, Brill K, Mitchell EP: Differences in breast carcinoma characteristics in newly diagnosed African-American and Caucasian patients: a single-institution compilation compared with the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Cancer. 2007, 110: 876-884. 10.1002\/cncr.22836.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2225_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800528","volume":"19","author":"CA Livasy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Livasy CA, Karaca G, Nanda R, Tretiakova MS, Olopade OI, Moore DT, Perou CM: Phenotypic evaluation of the basal-like subtype of invasive breast carcinoma. Mod Pathol. 2006, 19: 264-271. 10.1038\/modpathol.3800528.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"2225_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0806","volume":"16","author":"XR Yang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yang XR, Sherman ME, Rimm DL, Lissowska J, Brinton LA, Peplonska B, Hewitt SM, Anderson WF, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Bardin-Mikolajczak A, Zatonski W, Cartun R, Mandich D, Rymkiewicz G, Ligaj M, Lukaszek S, Kordek R, Garcia-Closas M: Differences in risk factors for breast cancer molecular subtypes in a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007, 16: 439-443. 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0806.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2225_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2007.05.066","volume":"70","author":"RR Parikh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parikh RR, Yang Q, Higgins SA, Haffty BG: Outcomes in young women with breast cancer of triple-negative phenotype: the prognostic significance of CK19 expression. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008, 70: 35-42.","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2225_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8418","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0932692100","volume":"100","author":"T Sorlie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sorlie T, Tibshirani R, Parker J, Hastie T, Marron JS, Nobel A, Deng S, Johnsen H, Pesich R, Geisler S, Demeter J, Perou CM, Lonning PE, Brown PO, Borresen-Dale AL, Botstein D: Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100: 8418-8423. 10.1073\/pnas.0932692100.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2225_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19971104)73:3<349::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-#","volume":"73","author":"LA Brinton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brinton LA, Benichou J, Gammon MD, Brogan DR, Coates R, Schoenberg JB: Ethnicity and variation in breast cancer incidence. Int J Cancer. 1997, 73: 349-355. 10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19971104)73:3<349::AID-IJC8>3.0.CO;2-#.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2225_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji064","volume":"97","author":"RT Chlebowski","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chlebowski RT, Chen Z, Anderson GL, Rohan T, Aragaki A, Lane D, Dolan NC, Paskett ED, McTiernan A, Hubbell FA, Adams-Campbell LL, Prentice R: Ethnicity and breast cancer: factors influencing differences in incidence and outcome. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005, 97: 439-448.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2225_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh331","volume":"161","author":"IJ Hall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hall IJ, Moorman PG, Millikan RC, Newman B: Comparative analysis of breast cancer risk factors among African-American women and White women. Am J Epidemiol. 2005, 161: 40-51. 10.1093\/aje\/kwh331.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2225_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116465","volume":"136","author":"RM Mayberry","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mayberry RM, Stoddard-Wright C: Breast cancer risk factors among black women and white women: similarities and differences. Am J Epidemiol. 1992, 136: 1445-1456.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2225_CR34","first-page":"329","volume":"93","author":"PG Moorman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moorman PG, Millikan RC, Newman B: Oral contraceptives and breast cancer among African-american women and white women. J Natl Med Assoc. 2001, 93: 329-334.","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"2225_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/95.6.478","volume":"95","author":"JR Palmer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Palmer JR, Wise LA, Horton NJ, Adams-Campbell LL, Rosenberg L: Dual effect of parity on breast cancer risk in African-American women. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003, 95: 478-483.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2225_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.20373","volume":"101","author":"G Ursin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ursin G, Bernstein L, Wang Y, Lord SJ, Deapen D, Liff JM, Norman SA, Weiss LK, Daling JR, Marchbanks PA, Malone KE, Folger SG, McDonald JA, Burkman RT, Simon MS, Strom BL, Spirtas R: Reproductive factors and risk of breast carcinoma in a study of white and African-American women. Cancer. 2004, 101: 353-362. 10.1002\/cncr.20373.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2225_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh025","volume":"96","author":"GA Colditz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Hankinson SE: Risk factors for breast cancer according to estrogen and progesterone receptor status. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004, 96: 218-228.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2225_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010265","volume":"151","author":"WY Huang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Huang WY, Newman B, Millikan RC, Schell MJ, Hulka BS, Moorman PG: Hormone-related factors and risk of breast cancer in relation to estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status. Am J Epidemiol. 2000, 151: 703-714.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2225_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-2824","volume":"17","author":"SJ Lord","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lord SJ, Bernstein L, Johnson KA, Malone KE, McDonald JA, Marchbanks PA, Simon MS, Strom BL, Press MF, Folger SG, Burkman RT, Deapen D, Spirtas R, Ursin G: Breast cancer risk and hormone receptor status in older women by parity, age of first birth, and breastfeeding: a case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008, 17: 1723-1730. 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-2824.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2225_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R43","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1525","volume":"8","author":"H Ma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ma H, Bernstein L, Pike MC, Ursin G: Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk according to joint estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Breast Cancer Res. 2006, 8: R43-10.1186\/bcr1525.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2225_CR41","first-page":"319","volume":"4","author":"JD Potter","year":"1995","unstructured":"Potter JD, Cerhan JR, Sellers TA, McGovern PG, Drinkard C, Kushi LR, Folsom AR: Progesterone and estrogen receptors and mammary neoplasia in the Iowa Women's Health Study: how many kinds of breast cancer are there?. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995, 4: 319-326.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2225_CR42","volume-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev","author":"AI Phipps","year":"2008","unstructured":"Phipps AI, Malone KE, Porter PL, Daling JR, Li CI: Body size and risk of luminal, HER2-overexpressing, and triple-negative breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008"},{"key":"2225_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23786","volume":"113","author":"AI Phipps","year":"2008","unstructured":"Phipps AI, Malone KE, Porter PL, Daling JR, Li CI: Reproductive and hormonal risk factors for postmenopausal luminal, HER-2-overexpressing, and triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer. 2008, 113: 1521-1526. 10.1002\/cncr.23786.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2225_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-004-8340-3","volume":"16","author":"B Caan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caan B, Sternfeld B, Gunderson E, Coates A, Quesenberry C, Slattery ML: Life After Cancer Epidemiology (LACE) Study: a cohort of early stage breast cancer survivors (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2005, 16: 545-556. 10.1007\/s10552-004-8340-3.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2225_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.1.236S","volume":"137","author":"LH Kushi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kushi LH, Kwan ML, Lee MM, Ambrosone CB: Lifestyle factors and survival in women with breast cancer. J Nutr. 2007, 137: 236S-242S.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2225_CR46","volume-title":"2006 annual report on trends, incidence, and outcomes","author":"MD Oehrli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oehrli MD, Quesenberry CP, Leyden W: 2006 annual report on trends, incidence, and outcomes. 2006, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California Cancer Registry"},{"key":"2225_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21004","volume":"116","author":"DM Abd El-Rehim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abd El-Rehim DM, Ball G, Pinder SE, Rakha E, Paish C, Robertson JF, Macmillan D, Blamey RW, Ellis IO: High-throughput protein expression analysis using tissue microarray technology of a large well-characterised series identifies biologically distinct classes of breast cancer confirming recent cDNA expression analyses. Int J Cancer. 2005, 116: 340-350. 10.1002\/ijc.21004.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2225_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1559","volume":"203","author":"DM Abd El-Rehim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abd El-Rehim DM, Pinder SE, Paish CE, Bell J, Blamey RW, Robertson JF, Nicholson RI, Ellis IO: Expression of luminal and basal cytokeratins in human breast carcinoma. J Pathol. 2004, 203: 661-671. 10.1002\/path.1559.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"2225_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7350","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.03.3845","volume":"23","author":"JD Brenton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brenton JD, Carey LA, Ahmed AA, Caldas C: Molecular classification and molecular forecasting of breast cancer: ready for clinical application?. J Clin Oncol. 2005, 23: 7350-7360. 10.1200\/JCO.2005.03.3845.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2225_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64476-8","volume":"161","author":"M van de Rijn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rijn van de M, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, Haas P, Kallioniemi O, Kononen J, Torhorst J, Sauter G, Zuber M, Kochli OR, Mross F, Dieterich H, Seitz R, Ross D, Botstein D, Brown P: Expression of cytokeratins 17 and 5 identifies a group of breast carcinomas with poor clinical outcome. Am J Pathol. 2002, 161: 1991-1996.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2225_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R67","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2128","volume":"10","author":"RM Tamimi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tamimi RM, Baer HJ, Marotti J, Galan M, Galaburda L, Fu Y, Deitz AC, Connolly JL, Schnitt SJ, Colditz GA, Collins LC: Comparison of molecular phenotypes of ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2008, 10: R67-10.1186\/bcr2128.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2225_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.2775","volume":"25","author":"AC Wolff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wolff AC, Hammond ME, Schwartz JN, Hagerty KL, Allred DC, Cote RJ, Dowsett M, Fitzgibbons PL, Hanna WM, Langer A, McShane LM, Paik S, Pegram MD, Perez EA, Press MF, Rhodes A, Sturgeon C, Taube SE, Tubbs R, Vance GH, van de Vijver M, Wheeler TM, Hayes DF, American Society of Clinical Oncology, College of American Pathologists: American Society of Clinical Oncology\/College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007, 25: 118-145. 10.1200\/JCO.2006.09.2775.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2225_CR53","first-page":"173","volume":"3","author":"CB Begg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Begg CB, Zhang ZF: Statistical analysis of molecular epidemiology studies employing case-series. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1994, 3: 173-175.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"}],"container-title":["Breast Cancer Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/bcr2261.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/bcr2261\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/bcr2261.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T10:54:50Z","timestamp":1728384890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/bcr2261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,22]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/bcr2261","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-542X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-542X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2009","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2009","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2009","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"R31"}}