{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:53:12Z","timestamp":1793379192361,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,30]],"date-time":"2009-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1248912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,30]],"date-time":"2009-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1248912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Breast Cancer Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Sites of chronic inflammation are often associated with the establishment and growth of various malignancies including breast cancer. A common inflammatory condition in humans is autoimmune arthritis (AA) that causes inflammation and deformity of the joints. Other systemic effects associated with arthritis include increased cellular infiltration and inflammation of the lungs. Several studies have reported statistically significant risk ratios between AA and breast cancer. Despite this knowledge, available for a decade, it has never been questioned if the site of chronic inflammation linked to AA creates a milieu that attracts tumor cells to home and grow in the inflamed bones and lungs which are frequent sites of breast cancer metastasis.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>To determine if chronic inflammation induced by autoimmune arthritis contributes to increased breast cancer-associated metastasis, we generated mammary gland tumors in SKG mice that were genetically prone to develop AA. Two breast cancer cell lines, one highly metastatic (4T1) and the other non-metastatic (TUBO) were used to generate the tumors in the mammary fat pad. Lung and bone metastasis and the associated inflammatory milieu were evaluated in the arthritic versus the non-arthritic mice.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>We report a three-fold increase in lung metastasis and a significant increase in the incidence of bone metastasis in the pro-arthritic and arthritic mice compared to non-arthritic control mice. We also report that the metastatic breast cancer cells augment the severity of arthritis resulting in a vicious cycle that increases both bone destruction and metastasis. Enhanced neutrophilic and granulocytic infiltration in lungs and bone of the pro-arthritic and arthritic mice and subsequent increase in circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) may contribute to the increased metastasis. Treatment with anti-IL17 + celecoxib, an anti-inflammatory drug completely abrogated the development of metastasis and significantly reduced the primary tumor burden.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>The data clearly has important clinical implications for patients diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer, especially with regards to the prognosis and treatment options.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,31]],"date-time":"2009-07-31T06:13:32Z","timestamp":1249020812000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Breast cancer-associated metastasis is significantly increased in a model of autoimmune arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lopamudra","family":"Das Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latha B","family":"Pathangey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa L","family":"Tinder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge L","family":"Schettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen E","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinku","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2309_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000092969","volume":"13","author":"KE de Visser","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Visser KE, Coussens LM: The inflammatory tumor microenvironment and its impact on cancer development. Contrib Microbiol. 2006, 13: 118-137. full_text.","journal-title":"Contrib Microbiol"},{"key":"2309_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.11.802","volume":"90","author":"J Ziegler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ziegler J: Cancer and arthritis share underlying processes. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998, 90: 802-803. 10.1093\/jnci\/90.11.802.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2309_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22430","volume":"56","author":"J Franklin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Franklin J, Lunt M, Bunn D, Symmons D, Silman A: Influence of inflammatory polyarthritis on cancer incidence and survival: results from a community-based prospective study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007, 56: 790-798. 10.1002\/art.22430.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2309_CR4","first-page":"3069","volume":"160","author":"L Mellemkjaer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mellemkjaer L, Linet MS, Gridley G, Frisch M, Moller H, Olsen JH: [Rheumatoid arthritis and risk of cancer]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1998, 160: 3069-3073.","journal-title":"Ugeskr Laeger"},{"key":"2309_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.033241","volume":"64","author":"J Askling","year":"2005","unstructured":"Askling J, Fored CM, Baecklund E, Brandt L, Backlin C, Ekbom A, Sundstrom C, Bertilsson L, Coster L, Geborek P, Jacobsson LT, Lindblad S, Lysholm J, Rantap\u00e4\u00e4-Dahlqvist S, Saxne T, Klareskog L, Feltelius N: Haematopoietic malignancies in rheumatoid arthritis: lymphoma risk and characteristics after exposure to tumour necrosis factor antagonists. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005, 64: 1414-1420. 10.1136\/ard.2004.033241.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2309_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.033993","volume":"64","author":"J Askling","year":"2005","unstructured":"Askling J, Fored CM, Brandt L, Baecklund E, Bertilsson L, Feltelius N, Coster L, Geborek P, Jacobsson LT, Lindblad S, Lysholm J, Rantap\u00e4\u00e4-Dahlqvist S, Saxne T, Klareskog L: Risks of solid cancers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and after treatment with tumour necrosis factor antagonists. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005, 64: 1421-1426. 10.1136\/ard.2004.033993.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2309_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03799","volume":"436","author":"AJ Minn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Minn AJ, Gupta GP, Siegel PM, Bos PD, Shu W, Giri DD, Viale A, Olshen AB, Gerald WL, Massague J: Genes that mediate breast cancer metastasis to lung. Nature. 2005, 436: 518-524. 10.1038\/nature03799.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2309_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc867","volume":"2","author":"GR Mundy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mundy GR: Metastasis to bone: causes, consequences and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002, 2: 584-593. 10.1038\/nrc867.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2309_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02119","volume":"426","author":"N Sakaguchi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sakaguchi N, Takahashi T, Hata H, Nomura T, Tagami T, Yamazaki S, Sakihama T, Matsutani T, Negishi I, Nakatsuru S, Sakaguchi S: Altered thymic T-cell selection due to a mutation of the ZAP-70 gene causes autoimmune arthritis in mice. Nature. 2003, 426: 454-460. 10.1038\/nature02119.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2309_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200421795","volume":"114","author":"H Hata","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hata H, Sakaguchi N, Yoshitomi H, Iwakura Y, Sekikawa K, Azuma Y, Kanai C, Moriizumi E, Nomura T, Nakamura T, Sakaguchi S: Distinct contribution of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-10 to T cell-mediated spontaneous autoimmune arthritis in mice. J Clin Invest. 2004, 114: 582-588.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2309_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01661","volume":"423","author":"GS Firestein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Firestein GS: Evolving concepts of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature. 2003, 423: 356-361. 10.1038\/nature01661.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2309_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041758","volume":"201","author":"H Yoshitomi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yoshitomi H, Sakaguchi N, Kobayashi K, Brown GD, Tagami T, Sakihama T, Hirota K, Tanaka S, Nomura T, Miki I, Gordon S, Akira S, Nakamura T, Sakaguchi S: A role for fungal {beta}-glucans and their receptor Dectin-1 in the induction of autoimmune arthritis in genetically susceptible mice. J Exp Med. 2005, 201: 949-960. 10.1084\/jem.20041758.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2309_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.2349\/biij.2.1.e10","volume":"2","author":"MK Woo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Woo MK, Nordal RA: Commissioning and evaluation of a new commercial small rodent x-ray irradiator. Biomed Imaging Interv J. 2006, 2 (1): e10-10.2349\/biij.2.1.e10.","journal-title":"Biomed Imaging Interv J"},{"key":"2309_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R37","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1515","volume":"8","author":"CL Hattrup","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hattrup CL, Gendler SJ: MUC1 alters oncogenic events and transcription in human breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res. 2006, 8: R37-10.1186\/bcr1515.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2309_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2007.05.013","volume":"256","author":"D Raman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Raman D, Baugher PJ, Thu YM, Richmond A: Role of chemokines in tumor growth. Cancer Lett. 2007, 256: 137-165. 10.1016\/j.canlet.2007.05.013.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"2309_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.632.2.11","volume":"2","author":"GD Basu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Basu GD, Pathangey LB, Tinder TL, LaGioia M, Gendler SJ, Mukherjee P: COX-2 inhibitor induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells in an in vivo model of spontaneous metastatic breast cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 2004, 2: 632-642.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"2309_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-5-62","volume":"5","author":"K Rask","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rask K, Zhu Y, Wang W, Hedin L, Sundfeldt K: Ovarian epithelial cancer: a role for PGE2-synthesis and signalling in malignant transformation and progression. Mol Cancer. 2006, 5: 62-66. 10.1186\/1476-4598-5-62.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"2309_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3372","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813306106","volume":"106","author":"M Hu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hu M, Peluffo G, Chen H, Gelman R, Schnitt S, Polyak K: Role of COX-2 in epithelial-stromal cell interactions and progression of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009, 106: 3372-3377. 10.1073\/pnas.0813306106.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2309_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra030831","volume":"350","author":"GD Roodman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roodman GD: Mechanisms of bone metastasis. N Engl J Med. 2004, 350: 1655-1664. 10.1056\/NEJMra030831.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2309_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6730","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.11.6730","volume":"178","author":"I Kryczek","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kryczek I, Wei S, Zou L, Altuwaijri S, Szeliga W, Kolls J, Chang A, Zou W: Cutting edge: Th17 and regulatory T cell dynamics and the regulation by IL-2 in the tumor microenvironment. J Immunol. 2007, 178: 6730-6733.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2309_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930701776605","volume":"41","author":"D Jin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jin D, Zhang L, Zheng J, Zhao Y: The inflammatory Th 17 subset in immunity against self and non-self antigens. Autoimmunity. 2008, 41: 154-162. 10.1080\/08916930701776605.","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"2309_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.4.1.5","volume":"4","author":"MS Stanislaw","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stanislaw MS, Wenhao C: Functional quartet by CD4+ T cells: a concerto of multiple cytokines. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2008, 4: 5-7. 10.1586\/1744666X.4.1.5.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2309_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02719.x","volume":"123","author":"GE Kaiko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaiko GE, Horvat JC, Beagley KW, Hansbro PM: Immunological decision-making: how does the immune system decide to mount a helper T-cell response?. Immunology. 2008, 123: 326-338. 10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02719.x.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2309_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5703","volume":"103","author":"S Kotake","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kotake S, Udagawa N, Takahashi N, Matsuzaki K, Itoh K, Ishiyama S, Saito S, Inoue K, Kamatani N, Gillespie MT, Martin TJ, Suda T: IL-17 in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis is a potent stimulator of osteoclastogenesis. J Clin Invest. 1999, 103: 1345-1352. 10.1172\/JCI5703.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2309_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041011","volume":"20","author":"T Tsujisawa","year":"9220","unstructured":"Tsujisawa T, Inoue H, Nishihara T: SC-1 antagonist of prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1, inhibits osteoclastogenesis by RANKL. J Bone Miner Res. 9220, 20: 15-22.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2309_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1034","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1779","volume":"7","author":"Y Juarranz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Juarranz Y, Abad C, Martinez C, Arranz A, Gutierrez-Canas I, Rosignoli F, Gomariz RP, Leceta J: Protective effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on bone destruction in the collagen-induced arthritis model of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005, 7: R1034-1045. 10.1186\/ar1779.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"2 Suppl 7","key":"2309_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2004.03.042","volume":"31","author":"B Arun","year":"2004","unstructured":"Arun B, Goss P: The role of COX-2 inhibition in breast cancer treatment and prevention. Semin Oncol. 2004, 31 (2 Suppl 7): 22-29. 10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2004.03.042.","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"2309_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-6-27","volume":"6","author":"RE Harris","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harris RE, Beebe-Donk J, Alshafie GA: Reduction in the risk of human breast cancer by selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. BMC Cancer. 2006, 6: 27-10.1186\/1471-2407-6-27.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2309_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C831","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00439.2004","volume":"288","author":"MJ Slattery","year":"2005","unstructured":"Slattery MJ, Liang S, Dong C: Distinct role of hydrodynamic shear in leukocyte-facilitated tumor cell extravasation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005, 288: C831-839. 10.1152\/ajpcell.00439.2004.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"2309_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/08830180590934976","volume":"24","author":"S Sakaguchi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N: Regulatory T cells in immunologic self-tolerance and autoimmune disease. Int Rev Immunol. 2005, 24: 211-226. 10.1080\/08830180590934976.","journal-title":"Int Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2309_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380202","volume":"38","author":"WP Arend","year":"1995","unstructured":"Arend WP, Dayer JM: Inhibition of the production and effects of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1995, 38: 151-160. 10.1002\/art.1780380202.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2309_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3405","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003405","volume":"3","author":"JM Curry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Curry JM, Eubank TD, Roberts RD, Wang Y, Pore N, Maity A, Marsh CB: M-CSF signals through the MAPK\/ERK pathway via Sp1 to induce VEGF production and induces angiogenesis in vivo. PLoS One. 2008, 3: 3405-3411. 10.1371\/journal.pone.0003405.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2309_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.81150","volume":"11","author":"EP Toy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Toy EP, Azodi M, Folk NL, Zito CM, Zeiss CJ, Chambers SK: Enhanced ovarian cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis by the macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Neoplasia. 2009, 11: 136-144.","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"2309_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10591","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.10591","volume":"25","author":"K Leitzel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leitzel K, Ettenberg S, Walsh R, Abraham J, Modur V, Braendle E, Evans DB, Ali SM, Demers L, Lipton A: Elevated serum M-CSF level predicts reduced survival in metastatic breast cancer patients. J Clin Oncology. 2007, 25: 10591-10599.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncology"},{"key":"2309_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NNR.0000280655.58266.6c","volume":"57","author":"DE Lyon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lyon DE, McCain NL, Walter J, Schubert C: Cytokine comparisons between women with breast cancer and women with a negative breast biopsy. Nurs Res. 2008, 57: 51-58. 10.1097\/01.NNR.0000280655.58266.6c.","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"2309_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3915","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-0206","volume":"68","author":"JS Nam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nam JS, Terabe M, Kang MJ, Chae H, Voong N, Yang YA, Laurence A, Michalowska A, Mamura M, Lonning S, Berzofsky JA, Wakefield LM: Transforming growth factor beta subverts the immune system into directly promoting tumor growth through interleukin-17. Cancer Res. 2008, 68: 3915-3923. 10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-0206.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2309_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R95","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr2195","volume":"10","author":"X Zhu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhu X, Mulcahy LA, Mohammed RA, Lee AH, Franks HA, Kilpatrick L, Yilmazer A, Paish EC, Ellis IO, Patel PM, Jackson AM: IL-17 expression by breast-cancer-associated macrophages: IL-17 promotes invasiveness of breast cancer cell lines. Breast Cancer Res. 2008, 10: R95-10.1186\/bcr2195.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2309_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2005.07.006","volume":"16","author":"A Ben-Baruch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ben-Baruch A: Inflammation-associated immune suppression in cancer: the roles played by cytokines, chemokines and additional mediators. Semin Cancer Biol. 2006, 16: 38-52. 10.1016\/j.semcancer.2005.07.006.","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"2309_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3988","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32533","volume":"117","author":"P Sansone","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sansone P, Storci G, Tavolari S, Guarnieri T, Giovannini C, Taffurelli M, Ceccarelli C, Santini D, Paterini P, Marcu KB, Cheico P, Bonafe M: IL-6 triggers malignant features in mammospheres from human ductal breast carcinoma and normal mammary gland. J Clin Invest. 2007, 117: 3988-4002. 10.1172\/JCI32533.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2309_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020304003704","volume":"7","author":"RD Leek","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leek RD, Harris AL: Tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2002, 7: 177-189. 10.1023\/A:1020304003704.","journal-title":"J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia"},{"key":"2309_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-2941","volume":"67","author":"H Kulbe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kulbe H, Thompson R, Wilson JL, Robinson S, Hagemann T, Fatah R, Gould D, Ayhan A, Balkwill F: The inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha generates an autocrine tumor-promoting network in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2007, 67: 585-592. 10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-2941.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2309_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.02.007","volume":"15","author":"S Loges","year":"2009","unstructured":"Loges S, Mazzone M, Hohensinner P, Carmeliet P: Silencing or fueling metastasis with VEGF inhibitors: antiangiogenesis revisited. Cancer Cell. 2009, 15: 167-170. 10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.02.007.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2309_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200969020-00003","volume":"69","author":"A Chan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chan A: Antiangiogenic therapy for metastatic breast cancer: current status and future directions. Drugs. 2009, 69: 167-181. 10.2165\/00003495-200969020-00003.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2309_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000216770.23642.d8","volume":"243","author":"K Byrnes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Byrnes K, White S, Chu Q, Meschonat C, Yu H, Johnson LW, Debenedetti A, Abreo F, Turnage RH, McDonald JC, Li BD: High eIF4E, VEGF, and microvessel density in stage I to III breast cancer. Ann Surg. 2006, 243: 684-690. 10.1097\/01.sla.0000216770.23642.d8.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2309_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01322","volume":"420","author":"LM Coussens","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coussens LM, Werb Z: Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 2002, 420: 860-867. 10.1038\/nature01322.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2309_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2004.06.006","volume":"14","author":"M Philip","year":"2004","unstructured":"Philip M, Rowley DA, Schreiber H: Inflammation as a tumor promoter in cancer induction. Semin Cancer Biol. 2004, 14: 433-439. 10.1016\/j.semcancer.2004.06.006.","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"key":"2309_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.09.005","volume":"118","author":"H Clevers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clevers H: At the crossroads of inflammation and cancer. Cell. 2004, 118: 671-674. 10.1016\/j.cell.2004.09.005.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2309_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.02.013","volume":"7","author":"F Balkwill","year":"2005","unstructured":"Balkwill F, Charles KA, Mantovani A: Smoldering and polarized inflammation in the initiation and promotion of malignant disease. Cancer Cell. 2005, 7: 211-217. 10.1016\/j.ccr.2005.02.013.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2309_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s12307-008-0007-2","volume":"1","author":"S Gout","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gout S, Huot J: Role of cancer microenvironment in metastasis: focus on colon cancer. Cancer Microenviron. 2008, 1: 69-83. 10.1007\/s12307-008-0007-2.","journal-title":"Cancer Microenviron"},{"key":"2309_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00002371-200301000-00006","volume":"26","author":"P Mukherjee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mukherjee P, Madsen CS, Ginardi AR, Tinder TL, Jacobs F, Parker J, Agrawal B, Longenecker BM, Gendler SJ: Mucin 1-specific immunotherapy in a mouse model of spontaneous breast cancer. J Immunother. 2003, 26: 47-62. 10.1097\/00002371-200301000-00006.","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"key":"2309_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.173","volume":"2","author":"DD Brand","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brand DD, Latham KA, Rosloniec EF: Collagen-induced arthritis. Nat Protoc. 2007, 2: 1269-1275. 10.1038\/nprot.2007.173.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"}],"container-title":["Breast Cancer Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/bcr2345.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/bcr2345\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/bcr2345.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T10:52:22Z","timestamp":1728384742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/bcr2345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,30]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/bcr2345","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-542X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-542X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 February 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2009","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2009","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2009","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"R56"}}