{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:34:30Z","timestamp":1792704870219,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]],"date-time":"2012-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]],"date-time":"2012-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Breast Cancer Res"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although breast cancers expressing estrogen receptor-\u03b1 (ER\u03b1) and progesterone receptors (PR) are the most common form of mammary malignancy in humans, it has been difficult to develop a suitable mouse model showing similar steroid hormone responsiveness. STAT transcription factors play critical roles in mammary gland tumorigenesis, but the precise role of STAT1 remains unclear. Herein, we show that a subset of human breast cancers display reduced STAT1 expression and that mice lacking STAT1 surprisingly develop ER\u03b1+\/PR+ mammary tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used a combination of approaches, including histological examination, gene targeted mice, gene expression analysis, tumor transplantaion, and immunophenotyping, to pursue this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Forty-five percent (37\/83) of human ER\u03b1+ and 22% (17\/78) of ER\u03b1- breast cancers display undetectable or low levels of STAT1 expression in neoplastic cells. In contrast, STAT1 expression is elevated in epithelial cells of normal breast tissues adjacent to the malignant lesions, suggesting that STAT1 is selectively downregulated in the tumor cells during tumor progression. Interestingly, the expression levels of STAT1 in the tumor-infiltrating stromal cells remain elevated, indicating that single-cell resolution analysis of STAT1 level in primary breast cancer biopsies is necessary for accurate assessment. Female mice lacking functional STAT1 spontaneously develop mammary adenocarcinomas that comprise &gt; 90% ER\u03b1+\/PR+ tumor cells, and depend on estrogen for tumor engraftment and progression. Phenotypic marker analyses demonstrate that STAT1\n                      <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      mammary tumors arise from luminal epithelial cells, but not myoepithelial cells. In addition, the molecular signature of the STAT1\n                      <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      mammary tumors overlaps closely to that of human luminal breast cancers. Finally, introduction of wildtype STAT1, but not a STAT1 mutant lacking the critical Tyr701 residue, into STAT1\n                      <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      mammary tumor cells results in apoptosis, demonstrating that the tumor suppressor function of STAT1 is cell-autonomous and requires its transcriptional activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our findings demonstrate that STAT1 suppresses mammary tumor formation and its expression is frequently lost during breast cancer progression. Spontaneous mammary tumors that develop in STAT1\n                      <jats:sup>-\/-<\/jats:sup>\n                      mice closely recapitulate the progression, ovarian hormone responsiveness, and molecular characteristics of human luminal breast cancer, the most common subtype of human breast neoplasms, and thus represent a valuable platform for testing novel treatments and detection modalities.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]],"date-time":"2012-01-20T14:39:24Z","timestamp":1327070364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":187,"title":["STAT1-deficient mice spontaneously develop estrogen receptor \u03b1-positive luminal mammary carcinomas"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Szeman Ruby","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Vermi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingqin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Lucini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Rickert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy M","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Lonardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cora","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry JT","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D","family":"Cardiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2921_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020299707510","volume":"76","author":"WF Anderson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anderson WF, Chatterjee N, Ershler WB, Brawley OW: Estrogen receptor breast cancer phenotypes in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2002, 76: 27-36. 10.1023\/A:1020299707510.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2921_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1053\/ctrv.2000.0207","volume":"27","author":"NJ Bundred","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bundred NJ: Prognostic and predictive factors in breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2001, 27: 137-142. 10.1053\/ctrv.2000.0207.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"key":"2921_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/35021093","volume":"406","author":"CM Perou","year":"2000","unstructured":"Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Rees CA, Pollack JR, Ross DT, Johnsen H, Akslen LA, Fluge O, Pergamenschikov A, Williams C, Zhu SX, Lonning PE, Borresen-Dale AL, Brown PO, Botstein D: Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2000, 406: 747-752. 10.1038\/35021093.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2921_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605845","volume":"103","author":"YH Chia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chia YH, Ellis MJ, Ma CX: Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in primary breast cancer: indications and use as a research tool. Br J Cancer. 2010, 103: 759-764. 10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605845.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2921_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-007-9888-x","volume":"113","author":"M Simian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Simian M, Manzur T, Rodriguez V, de Kier Joffe EB, Klein S: A spontaneous estrogen dependent, tamoxifen sensitive mouse mammary tumor: a new model system to study hormone-responsiveness in immune competent mice. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009, 113: 1-8. 10.1007\/s10549-007-9888-x.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2921_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-7-180","volume":"7","author":"MJM Kumar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kumar MJM, Ponvijay KS, Nandhini R, Nagarajan RS, Jose J, Srinivas G, Nagarajan P, Venkatesan R, Kumar K, Singh S: A mouse model for luminal epithelial like ER positive subtype of human breast cancer. BMC Cancer. 2007, 7: 180-10.1186\/1471-2407-7-180.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2921_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BREA.0000014044.02728.ac","volume":"83","author":"A Efeyan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Efeyan A, Fabris V, Merani S, Lanari C, Molinolo AA: Establishment of two hormone-responsive mouse mammary carcinoma cell lines derived from a metastatic mammary tumor. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2004, 83: 233-244. 10.1023\/B:BREA.0000014044.02728.ac.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"2921_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/57.3.527","volume":"57","author":"BD Aidells","year":"1976","unstructured":"Aidells BD, Daniel CW: Hormone-dependent mammary tumors in strain GR\/A mice. III. Effectiveness of supplementary hormone treatments in inducing tumorous phase growth. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1976, 57: 527-537.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2921_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.563","volume":"15","author":"EA Bach","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bach EA, Aguet M, Schreiber RD: The IFN\u03b3 receptor: a paradigm for cytokine receptor signaling. Annu Rev Immunol. 1997, 15: 563-591. 10.1146\/annurev.immunol.15.1.563.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2921_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81288-X","volume":"84","author":"MA Meraz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Meraz MA, White JM, Sheehan KCF, Bach EA, Rodig SJ, Dighe AS, Kaplan DH, Riley JK, Greenlund AC, Campbell D, Carver-Moore K, DuBois RN, Clark R, Aguet M, Schreiber RD: Targeted disruption of the Stat1 gene in mice reveals unexpected physiologic specificity in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Cell. 1996, 84: 431-442. 10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81288-X.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2921_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81289-1","volume":"84","author":"JE Durbin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Durbin JE, Hackenmiller R, Celeste Simon M, Levy DE: Targeted disruption of the mouse Stat1 gene results in compromised innate immunity to viral disease. Cell. 1996, 84: 443-450. 10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81289-1.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2921_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7556","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.13.7556","volume":"95","author":"DH Kaplan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kaplan DH, Shankaran V, Dighe AS, Stockert E, Aguet M, Old LJ, Schreiber RD: Demonstration of an interferon \u03b3-dependent tumor surveillance system in immunocompetent mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998, 95: 7556-7561. 10.1073\/pnas.95.13.7556.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2921_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1038\/35074122","volume":"410","author":"V Shankaran","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shankaran V, Ikeda H, Bruce AT, White JM, Swanson PE, Old LJ, Schreiber RD: IFN\u03b3 and lymphocytes prevent primary tumour development and shape tumour immunogenicity. Nature. 2001, 410: 1107-1111. 10.1038\/35074122.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2921_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1961","volume":"6","author":"GP Dunn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dunn GP, Koebel CM, Schreiber RD: Interferons, immunity and cancer immunoediting. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006, 6: 836-848. 10.1038\/nri1961.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2921_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5343.1630","volume":"278","author":"A Kumar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kumar A, Commane M, Flickinger TW, Horvath CM, Stark GR: Defective TNF-\u03b1-induced apoptosis in STAT1-null cells due to low constitutive levels of caspases. Science. 1997, 278: 1630-1632. 10.1126\/science.278.5343.1630.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2921_CR16","first-page":"e4376","volume":"3","author":"S Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang S, Raven JF, Durbin JE, Koromilas AE: Stat1 phosphorylation determines Ras oncogenicity by regulating p27kip1. PLoS One. 2008, 3: e4376-","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2921_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.3.1286","volume":"164","author":"C-K Lee","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lee C-K, Smith E, Gimeno R, Gertner R, Levy DE: STAT1 affects lymphocyte survival and proliferation partially independent of its role downstream of IFN-\u03b3. J Immunol. 2000, 164: 1286-1292.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2921_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5208","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.080469697","volume":"97","author":"F Ouchi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ouchi F, Lee SW, Ouchi M, Aaronson SA, Horvath CM: Collaboration of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and BRCA1 in differential regulation of IFN\u03b3 target genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000, 97: 5208-5213. 10.1073\/pnas.080469697.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2921_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.01728","volume":"118","author":"PA Townsend","year":"2005","unstructured":"Townsend PA, Cragg MS, Davidson SM, McCormick J, Barry S, Lawrence KM, Knight RA, Hubank M, Chen P-L, Latchman DS, Stephanou A: STAT-1 facilitates the ATM activated checkpoint pathway following DNA damage. J Cell Sci. 2005, 118: 1629-1639. 10.1242\/jcs.01728.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"2921_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5492","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208698","volume":"24","author":"PB Mullan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mullan PB, Hosey AM, Buckley NE, Quinn JE, Kennedy RD, Johnston PG, Harkin DP: The 2,5 oligoadenylate synthetase\/RNaseL pathway is a novel effector of BRCA1- and interferon-gamma-mediated apoptosis. Oncogene. 2005, 24: 5492-5501. 10.1038\/sj.onc.1208698.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2921_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.10.5.14956","volume":"10","author":"JF Raven","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raven JF, Williams V, Wang S, Tremblay ML, Muller WJ, Durbin JE, Koromilas AE: Stat1 is a suppressor of ErbB2\/Neu-mediated cellular transformation and mouse mammary gland tumor formation. Cell Cycle. 2011, 10: 794-804. 10.4161\/cc.10.5.14956.","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"2921_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.10716","volume":"12","author":"PJ Klover","year":"2010","unstructured":"Klover PJ, Muller WJ, Robinson GW, Pfeiffer RM, Yamaji D, Hennighausen L: Loss of STAT1 from mouse mammary epithelium results in an increased Neu-induced tumor burden. Neoplasia. 2010, 12: 899-905.","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"2921_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308102100","volume":"101","author":"NN Khodarev","year":"2004","unstructured":"Khodarev NN, Beckett M, Labay E, Darga T, Roizman B, Weichselbaum RR: STAT1 is overexpressed in tumors selected for radioresistance and confers protection from radiation in transduced sensitive cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004, 101: 1714-1719. 10.1073\/pnas.0308102100.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2921_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9214","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-1019","volume":"67","author":"NN Khodarev","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khodarev NN, Minn AJ, Efimova EV, Darga TE, Labay E, Beckett M, Mauceri HJ, Roizman B, Weichselbaum RR: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 regulates both cytotoxic and prosurvival functions in tumor cells. Cancer Res. 2007, 67: 9214-9220. 10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-1019.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2921_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18490","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809242105","volume":"105","author":"RR Weichselbaum","year":"2008","unstructured":"Weichselbaum RR, Ishwaran H, Yoon T, Nuyten DS, Baker SW, Khodarev N, Su AW, Shaikh AY, Roach P, Kreike B, Roizman B, Bergh J, Pawitan Y, van de Vijver MJ, Minn AJ: An interferon-related gene signature for DNA damage resistance is a predictive marker for chemotherapy and radiation for breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008, 105: 18490-18495. 10.1073\/pnas.0809242105.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2921_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.391","volume":"29","author":"N Khodarev","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khodarev N, Ahmad R, Rajabi H, Pitroda S, Kufe T, McClary C, Joshi MD, MacDermed D, Weichselbaum R, Kufe D: Cooperativity of the MUC1 oncoprotein and STAT1 pathway in poor prognosis human breast cancer. Oncogene. 2010, 29: 920-929. 10.1038\/onc.2009.391.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2921_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.5.1474","volume":"17","author":"JM Harvey","year":"1999","unstructured":"Harvey JM, Clark GM, Osborne CK, Allred DC: Estrogen receptor status by immunohistochemistry is superior to the ligand-binding assay for predicting response to adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 1999, 17: 1474-1481.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2921_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90029-C","volume":"68","author":"Y Shinkai","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shinkai Y, Rathbun G, Lam KP, Oltz EM, Stewart V, Mendelsohn M, Charron J, Datta M, Young F, Stall AM, Alt FW: RAG-2-deficient mice lack mature lymphocytes owing to inability to initiate V(D)J rearrangement. Cell. 1992, 68: 855-867. 10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90029-C.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2921_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.19.2409","volume":"9","author":"DA Ramsden","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ramsden DA, Gellert M: Formation and resolution of double-strand break intermediates in V(D)J rearrangement. Genes Dev. 1995, 9: 2409-2420. 10.1101\/gad.9.19.2409.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2921_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(86)90008-2","volume":"190","author":"B Kuhnel","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kuhnel B, Buetti E, Diggelmann H: Functional analysis of the glucocorticoid regulatory elements present in the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat. J Mol Biol. 1986, 190: 367-378. 10.1016\/0022-2836(86)90008-2.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"2921_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R7","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1371","volume":"8","author":"KE Sleeman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sleeman KE, Kendrick H, Ashworth A, Isacke CM, Smalley MJ: CD24 staining of mouse mammary gland cells defines luminal epithelial, myoepithelial\/basal and non-epithelial cells. Breast Cancer Res. 2006, 8: R7-10.1186\/bcr1371.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2921_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04372","volume":"439","author":"M Shackleton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shackleton M, Vaillant F, Simpson KJ, Stingl J, Smyth GK, Asselin-Labat ML, Wu L, Lindeman GJ, Visvader JE: Generation of a functional mammary gland from a single stem cell. Nature. 2006, 439: 84-88. 10.1038\/nature04372.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2921_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04496","volume":"439","author":"J Stingl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stingl J, Eirew P, Ricketson I, Shackleton M, Vaillant F, Choi D, Li HI, Eaves CJ: Purification and unique properties of mammary epithelial stem cells. Nature. 2006, 439: 993-997.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2921_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.1.31","volume":"98","author":"C Li","year":"2001","unstructured":"Li C, Wong WH: Model-based analysis of oligonucleotide arrays: Expression index computation and outlier detection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001, 98: 31-36. 10.1073\/pnas.011404098.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2921_CR35","unstructured":"Mouse Genome Informatics-Mammalian Orthology. [http:\/\/www.informatics.jax.org\/orthology.shtml]"},{"key":"2921_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R76","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2007-8-5-r76","volume":"8","author":"JI Herschkowitz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Herschkowitz JI, Simin K, Weigman VJ, Mikaelian I, Usary J, Hu Z, Rasmussen KE, Jones LP, Assefnia S, Chandrasekharan S, Backlund MG, Yin Y, Khramtzov AI, Bastein R, Quackenbush J, Glazer RI, Brown PH, Green JE, Kopelovich L, Furth PA, Palazzo JP, Olopade OI, Bernard PS, Churchill GA, Van Dyke T, Perou CM: Identification of conserved gene expression features between murine mammary carcinoma models and human breast tumors. Genome Biol. 2007, 8: R76-10.1186\/gb-2007-8-5-r76.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2921_CR37","unstructured":"Cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid, National Cancer Institute: Distance-weighted discrimination. [https:\/\/cabig.nci.nih.gov\/tools\/DWD]"},{"key":"2921_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1198\/016214507000001120","volume":"102","author":"JS Marron","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marron JS, Todd MJ, Ahn J: Distance-Weighted Discrimination. Journal of American Statistical Association. 2007, 102: 1267-1271. 10.1198\/016214507000001120.","journal-title":"Journal of American Statistical Association"},{"key":"2921_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.540150811","volume":"15","author":"PS Shenkin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Shenkin PS, McDonald DQ: Cluster analysis of molecular conformations. J Comput Chem. 1994, 15: 899-916. 10.1002\/jcc.540150811.","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"},{"key":"2921_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3246","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth349","volume":"20","author":"AJ Saldanha","year":"2004","unstructured":"Saldanha AJ: Java Treeview-extensible visualization of microarray data. Bioinformatics. 2004, 20: 3246-3248. 10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth349.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2921_CR41","unstructured":"Gene Expression Omnibus. [http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/geo]"},{"key":"2921_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1198\/016214508000000454","volume":"103","author":"Y Liu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liu Y, Hayes DN, Nobel A, Marron JS: Statistical significance of clustering for high dimension low sample size data. J Am Stat Assoc. 2008, 103: 1281-1293. 10.1198\/016214508000000454.","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"2921_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023949509487","volume":"52","author":"S Monti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Monti S, Tamayo P, Mesirov J, Golub TR: Consensus clustering: a resampling-based method for class discovery and visualization of gene expression microarray data. Machine Learning. 2003, 52: 91-118. 10.1023\/A:1023949509487.","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"2921_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2307\/2530427","volume":"37","author":"JA Koziol","year":"1981","unstructured":"Koziol JA, Maxwell DA, Fukushima M, Colmerauer ME, Pilch YH: A distribution-free test for tumor-growth curve analyses with application to an animal tumor immunotherapy experiment. Biometrics. 1981, 37: 383-390. 10.2307\/2530427.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2921_CR45","unstructured":"The Comprehensive R Archive Network: R 2.11.1. [http:\/\/cran.r-project.org]"},{"key":"2921_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9212","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.16.9212","volume":"96","author":"CM Perou","year":"1999","unstructured":"Perou CM, Jeffrey SS, van de Rijn M, Rees CA, Eisen MB, Ross DT, Pergamenschikov A, Williams CF, Zhu SX, Lee JCF, Lashkari D, Shalon D, Brown PO, Botstein D: Distinctive gene expression patterns in human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999, 96: 9212-9217. 10.1073\/pnas.96.16.9212.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2921_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2124","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24177","volume":"124","author":"C Charpin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Charpin C, Secq V, Giusiano S, Carpentier S, Andrac L, Lavaut MN, Allasia C, Bonnier P, Garcia S: A signature predictive of disease outcome in breast carcinomas, identified by quantitative immunocytochemical assays. Int J Cancer. 2009, 124: 2124-2134. 10.1002\/ijc.24177.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2921_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6680","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.111163898","volume":"98","author":"MP Gil","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gil MP, Bohn E, O'Guin AK, Ramana CV, Levine B, Stark GR, Virgin HW, Schreiber RD: Biologic consequences of STAT1-independent IFN signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001, 98: 6680-6685. 10.1073\/pnas.111163898.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2921_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15687","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.242579699","volume":"99","author":"D Wang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang D, Coscoy L, Zylberberg M, Avila PC, Boushey HA, Ganem D, DeRisi JL: Microarray-based detection and genotyping of viral pathogens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002, 99: 15687-15692. 10.1073\/pnas.242579699.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2921_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230600930129","volume":"34","author":"RD Cardiff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cardiff RD, Anver MR, Boivin GP, Bosenberg MW, Maronpot RR, Molinolo AA, Nikitin AY, Rehg JE, Thomas GV, Russell RG, Ward JM: Precancer in mice: animal models used to understand, prevent, and treat human precancers. Toxicol Pathol. 2006, 34: 699-707. 10.1080\/01926230600930129.","journal-title":"Toxicol Pathol"},{"key":"2921_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R6","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr1367","volume":"8","author":"S Lee","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lee S, Mohsin SK, Mao S, Hilsenbeck SG, Medina D, Allred DC: Hormones, receptors, and growth in hyperplastic enlarged lobular units: early potential precursors of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. 2005, 8: R6-","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res"},{"key":"2921_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jncimonographs.a003464","volume":"30","author":"NE Davidson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Davidson NE: Ovarian ablation as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2001, 30: 67-71.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"key":"2921_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm909","volume":"3","author":"DE Levy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Levy DE, Darnell JE: STATs: Transcriptional control and biological impact. Rev Cell Biol . 2002, 3: 651-662.","journal-title":"Rev Cell Biol"},{"key":"2921_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524033479500","volume":"3","author":"N Presneau","year":"2003","unstructured":"Presneau N, Manderson EN, Tonin PN: The quest for a tumor suppressor gene phenotype. Curr Mol Med . 2003, 3: 605-629. 10.2174\/1566524033479500.","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"2921_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00322-4","volume":"19","author":"L Varinou","year":"2003","unstructured":"Varinou L, Ramsauer K, Karaghiosoff M, Kolbe T, Pfeffer K, Muller M, Decker T: Phosphorylation of the Stat1 transactivation domain is required for full-fledged IFN\u03b3-dependent innate immunity. Immunity. 2003, 19: 793-802. 10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00322-4.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2921_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj020","volume":"98","author":"S Xi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xi S, Dyer KF, Kimak M, Zhang Q, Gooding WE, Chaillet JR, Chai RL, Ferrell RE, Zamboni B, Hunt J, Grandis JR: Decreased STAT1 expression by promoter methylation in squamous cell carcinogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006, 98: 181-189. 10.1093\/jnci\/djj020.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2921_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra DK, Chen Z, Wu Y, Sarkissyan M, Koeffler HP, Vadgama JV: Global methylation pattern of genes in androgen-sensitive and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 9: 33-45.","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-09-0486"},{"key":"2921_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj267","volume":"98","author":"ML Asselin-Labat","year":"2006","unstructured":"Asselin-Labat ML, Shackleton M, Stingl J, Vaillant F, Forrest NC, Eaves CJ, Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ: Steroid hormone receptor status of mouse mammary stem cells. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006, 98: 1011-1014. 10.1093\/jnci\/djj267.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2921_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3660","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.13.3660","volume":"17","author":"P Kovarik","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kovarik P, Stoiber D, Novy M, Decker T: Stat1 combines signals derived from IFN-gamma and LPS receptors during macrophage activation. Embo J. 1998, 17: 3660-3668. 10.1093\/emboj\/17.13.3660.","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"2921_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.1.91","volume":"20","author":"P Kovarik","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kovarik P, Mangold M, Ramsauer K, Heidari H, Steinborn R, Zotter A, Levy DE, Muller M, Decker T: Specificity of signaling by STAT1 depends on SH2 and C-terminal domains that regulate Ser727 phosphorylation, differentially affecting specific target gene expression. Embo J. 2001, 20: 91-100. 10.1093\/emboj\/20.1.91.","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"2921_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66544-0","volume":"365","author":"EBCTCG","year":"2005","unstructured":"EBCTCG: Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2005, 365: 1687-1717.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2921_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1586\/14737140.9.2.187","volume":"9","author":"S Harichand-Herdt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harichand-Herdt S, Zelnak A, O'Regan R: Endocrine therapy for the treatment of postmenopausal women with breast cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2009, 9: 187-198. 10.1586\/14737140.9.2.187.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"2921_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60993-8","volume":"378","author":"C Davies","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davies C, Godwin J, Gray R, Clarke M, Cutter D, Darby S, McGale P, Pan HC, Taylor C, Wang YC, Dowsett M, Ingle J, Peto R: Relevance of breast cancer hormone receptors and other factors to the efficacy of adjuvant tamoxifen: patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2011, 378: 771-784.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Breast Cancer Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/bcr3100.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/bcr3100\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/bcr3100.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T06:50:50Z","timestamp":1728370250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/breast-cancer-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/bcr3100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2921"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/bcr3100","relation":{},"ISSN":["1465-542X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1465-542X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 September 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2011","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2012","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2012","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"R16"}}