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Percent MD was assessed from digitized film-screen mammograms using a computer-assisted threshold technique. We used polytomous logistic regression to calculate breast cancer odds according to tumor type, histopathological characteristics, and receptor (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)) status by age (&lt;55, 55\u201364, and \u226565\u00a0years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      MD was positively associated with risk of invasive tumors across all ages, with a two-fold increased risk for high (&gt;51%) versus average density (11-25%). Women ages &lt;55\u00a0years with high MD had stronger increased risk of ductal carcinoma\n                      <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                      (DCIS) compared to women ages 55\u201364 and \u226565\u00a0years (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>age-interaction<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02). Among all ages, MD had a stronger association with large (&gt;2.1\u00a0cm) versus small tumors and positive versus negative lymph node status (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2019s\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). For women ages &lt;55\u00a0years, there was a stronger association of MD with ER-negative breast cancer than ER-positive tumors compared to women ages 55\u201364 and \u226565\u00a0years (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>age-interaction<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). MD was positively associated with both HER2-negative and HER2-positive tumors within each age group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MD is strongly associated with all breast cancer subtypes, but particularly tumors of large size and positive lymph nodes across all ages, and ER-negative status among women ages &lt;55\u00a0years, suggesting high MD may play an important role in tumor aggressiveness, especially in younger women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr3570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]],"date-time":"2013-11-04T13:01:32Z","timestamp":1383570092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Mammographic density and risk of breast cancer by age and tumor characteristics"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kimberly A","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rulla M","family":"Tamimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V Shane","family":"Pankratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Visscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fergus","family":"Couch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunn-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew H","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven R","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karla","family":"Kerlikowske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine M","family":"Vachon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3590_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-0034","volume":"15","author":"VA McCormack","year":"2006","unstructured":"McCormack VA, dos Santos SI: Breast density and parenchymal patterns as markers of breast cancer risk: a meta-analysis. 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