{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:50:10Z","timestamp":1789696210886,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]],"date-time":"2012-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]],"date-time":"2012-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Renal dysfunction is a common complication in patients with end-stage cirrhosis. Since the original publication of the definition and diagnostic criteria for the hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), there have been major advances in our understanding of its pathogenesis. The prognosis of patients with cirrhosis who develop HRS remains poor, with a median survival without liver transplantation of less than six months. However, a number of pharmacological and other therapeutic strategies have now become available which offer the ability to prevent or treat renal dysfunction more effectively in this setting. Accordingly, we sought to review the available evidence, make recommendations and delineate key questions for future studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We undertook a systematic review of the literature using Medline, PubMed and Web of Science, data provided by the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients and the bibliographies of key reviews. We determined a list of key questions and convened a two-day consensus conference to develop summary statements via a series of alternating breakout and plenary sessions. In these sessions, we identified supporting evidence and generated recommendations and\/or directions for future research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 30 questions considered, we found inadequate evidence for the majority of questions and our recommendations were mainly based on expert opinion. There was insufficient evidence to grade three questions, but we were able to develop a consensus definition for acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis and provide consensus recommendations for future investigations to address key areas of uncertainty.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite a paucity of sufficiently powered prospectively randomized trials, we were able to establish an evidence-based appraisal of this field and develop a set of consensus recommendations to standardize care and direct further research for patients with cirrhosis and renal dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]],"date-time":"2012-02-09T13:29:31Z","timestamp":1328794171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":156,"title":["Hepatorenal syndrome: the 8th international consensus conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mitra K","family":"Nadim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A","family":"Kellum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Davenport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neesh","family":"Pannu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashita","family":"Tolwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rinaldo","family":"Bellomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri S","family":"Genyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"9922_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0809139","volume":"361","author":"P Gines","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gines P, Schrier RW: Renal failure in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 2009, 361: 1279-1290. 10.1056\/NEJMra0809139","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9922_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90031-7","volume":"105","author":"A Gines","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gines A, Escorsell A, Gines P, Salo J, Jimenez W, Inglada L, Navasa M, Claria J, Rimola A, Arroyo V: Incidence, predictive factors, and prognosis of the hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis with ascites. Gastroenterology 1993, 105: 229-236.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9922_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14903-3","volume":"362","author":"P Gines","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gines P, Guevara M, Arroyo V, Rodes J: Hepatorenal syndrome. Lancet 2003, 362: 1819-1827. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14903-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9922_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7240.976","volume":"320","author":"K Vella","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vella K, Goldfrad C, Rowan K, Bion J, Black N: Use of consensus development to establish national research priorities in critical care. BMJ 2000, 320: 976-980. 10.1136\/bmj.320.7240.976","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9922_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39493.646875.AE","volume":"336","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Vist GE, Liberati A, Schunemann HJ: Going from evidence to recommendations. BMJ 2008, 336: 1049-1051. 10.1136\/bmj.39493.646875.AE","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"9922_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490","volume":"328","author":"D Atkins","year":"2004","unstructured":"Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, Eccles M, Falck-Ytter Y, Flottorp S, Guyatt GH, Harbour RT, Haugh MC, Henry D, Hill S, Jaeschke R, Leng G, Liberati A, Magrini N, Mason J, Middleton P, Mrukowicz J, O'Connell D, Oxman AD, Phillips B, Schunemann HJ, Edejer TT, Varonen H, Vist GE, Williams JW, Zaza S: Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004, 328: 1490.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"9922_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","volume":"7","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"1986","unstructured":"DerSimonian R, Laird N: Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials 1986,7(3):177-188. 10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"9922_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4809877","volume":"194","author":"A Petrie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Petrie A, Bulman JS, Osborn JF: Further statistics in dentistry Part 8: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Br Dent J 2003, 194: 73-78. 10.1038\/sj.bdj.4809877","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"9922_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2003.50016","volume":"124","author":"R Wiesner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wiesner R, Edwards E, Freeman R, Harper A, Kim R, Kamath P, Kremers W, Lake J, Howard T, Merion RM, Wolfe RA, Krom R: Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers. Gastroenterology 2003, 124: 91-96. 10.1053\/gast.2003.50016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9922_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2003.50035","volume":"41","author":"DS Sherman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sherman DS, Fish DN, Teitelbaum I: Assessing renal function in cirrhotic patients: problems and pitfalls. Am J Kidney Dis 2003, 41: 269-278. 10.1053\/ajkd.2003.50035","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"9922_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2000.20524","volume":"32","author":"M Pirlich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pirlich M, Schutz T, Spachos T, Ertl S, Weiss ML, Lochs H, Plauth M: Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a useful bedside technique to assess malnutrition in cirrhotic patients with and without ascites. Hepatology 2000, 32: 1208-1215. 10.1053\/jhep.2000.20524","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9922_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2000.9736","volume":"6","author":"FA Figueiredo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Figueiredo FA, Dickson ER, Pasha TM, Porayko MK, Therneau TM, Malinchoc M, DiCecco SR, Francisco-Ziller NM, Kasparova P, Charlton MR: Utility of standard nutritional parameters in detecting body cell mass depletion in patients with end-stage liver disease. Liver Transpl 2000, 6: 575-581. 10.1053\/jlts.2000.9736","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/000456328702400114","volume":"24","author":"ML Knapp","year":"1987","unstructured":"Knapp ML, Hadid O: Investigations into negative interference by jaundiced plasma in kinetic Jaffe methods for plasma creatinine determination. Ann Clin Biochem 1987, 24: 85-97.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"9922_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/23.7.1340","volume":"23","author":"RR Swain","year":"1977","unstructured":"Swain RR, Briggs SL: Positive interference with the Jaffe reaction by cephalosporin antibiotics. Clin Chem 1977, 23: 1340-1342.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"9922_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21110","volume":"13","author":"AK Burroughs","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burroughs AK, Marelli L, Cholongitas E, Manousou P, Rolles K, Karam V, Delvart V, Adam R, Sabin C: Towards a better liver transplant allocation system. Liver Transpl 2007, 13: 935-936. author reply 937 10.1002\/lt.21110","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.6.850","volume":"48","author":"R Orlando","year":"2002","unstructured":"Orlando R, Mussap M, Plebani M, Piccoli P, De Martin S, Floreani M, Padrini R, Palatini P: Diagnostic value of plasma cystatin C as a glomerular filtration marker in decompensated liver cirrhosis. Clin Chem 2002, 48: 850-858.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"9922_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.1.106","volume":"50","author":"AL Gerbes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gerbes AL, Gulberg V, Bilzer M, Vogeser M: Evaluation of serum cystatin C concentration as a marker of renal function in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Gut 2002, 50: 106-110. 10.1136\/gut.50.1.106","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9922_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20994","volume":"13","author":"E Cholongitas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cholongitas E, Marelli L, Kerry A, Senzolo M, Goodier DW, Nair D, Thomas M, Patch D, Burroughs AK: Different methods of creatinine measurement significantly affect MELD scores. Liver Transpl 2007, 13: 523-529. 10.1002\/lt.20994","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02105.x","volume":"29","author":"YS Seo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Seo YS, Jung ES, An H, Kim JH, Jung YK, Yim HJ, Yeon JE, Byun KS, Kim CD, Ryu HS, Um SH: Serum cystatin C level is a good prognostic marker in patients with cirrhotic ascites and normal serum creatinine levels. Liver Int 2009, 29: 1521-1527. 10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2009.02105.x","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"9922_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2000.8237","volume":"36","author":"E Coll","year":"2000","unstructured":"Coll E, Botey A, Alvarez L, Poch E, Quinto L, Saurina A, Vera M, Piera C, Darnell A: Serum cystatin C as a new marker for noninvasive estimation of glomerular filtration rate and as a marker for early renal impairment. Am J Kidney Dis 2000, 36: 29-34. 10.1053\/ajkd.2000.8237","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"9922_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph0765","volume":"4","author":"D Kniepeiss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kniepeiss D, Stiegler P, Roller RE, Groselj-Strele A, Wirnsberger G: Cystatin C has prognostic value after liver transplantation. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2008, 4: E1.","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Nephrol"},{"key":"9922_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20657","volume":"12","author":"G Biancofiore","year":"2006","unstructured":"Biancofiore G, Pucci L, Cerutti E, Penno G, Pardini E, Esposito M, Bindi L, Pelati E, Romanelli A, Triscornia S, Salvadorini MP, Stratta C, Lanfranco G, Pellegrini G, Del Prato S, Salizzoni M, Mosca F, Filipponi F: Cystatin C as a marker of renal function immediately after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2006, 12: 285-291. 10.1002\/lt.20657","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03400410","volume":"6","author":"E Xirouchakis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xirouchakis E, Marelli L, Cholongitas E, Manousou P, Calvaruso V, Pleguezuelo M, Guerrini GP, Maimone S, Kerry A, Hajjawi M, Nair D, Thomas M, Patch D, Burroughs AK: Comparison of cystatin C and creatinine-based glomerular filtration rate formulas with 51Cr-EDTA clearance in patients with cirrhosis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010, 6: 84-92.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"9922_CR24","first-page":"S151","volume":"63","author":"F Gaspari","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gaspari F, Perico N, Remuzzi G: Measurement of glomerular filtration rate. Kidney Int Suppl 1997, 63: S151-154.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"9922_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.08.017","volume":"42","author":"PA Skluzacek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Skluzacek PA, Szewc RG, Nolan CR, Riley DJ, Lee S, Pergola PE: Prediction of GFR in liver transplant candidates. Am J Kidney Dis 2003, 42: 1169-1176. 10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.08.017","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"9922_CR26","first-page":"342","volume":"50","author":"L Roy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Roy L, Legault L, Pomier-Layrargues G: Glomerular filtration rate measurement in cirrhotic patients with renal failure. Clin Nephrol 1998, 50: 342-346.","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"9922_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh839","volume":"20","author":"NL Proulx","year":"2005","unstructured":"Proulx NL, Akbari A, Garg AX, Rostom A, Jaffey J, Clark HD: Measured creatinine clearance from timed urine collections substantially overestimates glomerular filtration rate in patients with liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005, 20: 1617-1622. 10.1093\/ndt\/gfh839","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"9922_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1159\/000180580","volume":"16","author":"DW Cockcroft","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cockcroft DW, Gault MH: Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976, 16: 31-41. 10.1159\/000180580","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"9922_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002","volume":"130","author":"AS Levey","year":"1999","unstructured":"Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D: A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1999, 130: 461-470.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"9922_CR30","first-page":"341","volume":"51","author":"R Orlando","year":"1999","unstructured":"Orlando R, Floreani M, Padrini R, Palatini P: Evaluation of measured and calculated creatinine clearances as glomerular filtration markers in different stages of liver cirrhosis. Clin Nephrol 1999, 51: 341-347.","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"9922_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420020117013","volume":"154","author":"L Caregaro","year":"1994","unstructured":"Caregaro L, Menon F, Angeli P, Amodio P, Merkel C, Bortoluzzi A, Alberino F, Gatta A: Limitations of serum creatinine level and creatinine clearance as filtration markers in cirrhosis. Arch Intern Med 1994, 154: 201-205. 10.1001\/archinte.1994.00420020117013","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"9922_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20017","volume":"10","author":"TA Gonwa","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gonwa TA, Jennings L, Mai ML, Stark PC, Levey AS, Klintmalm GB: Estimation of glomerular filtration rates before and after orthotopic liver transplantation: evaluation of current equations. Liver Transpl 2004, 10: 301-309. 10.1002\/lt.20017","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1155\/2006\/858053","volume":"20","author":"J MacAulay","year":"2006","unstructured":"MacAulay J, Thompson K, Kiberd BA, Barnes DC, Peltekian KM: Serum creatinine in patients with advanced liver disease is of limited value for identification of moderate renal dysfunction: are the equations for estimating renal function better? Can J Gastroenterol 2006, 20: 521-526.","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9922_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfi305","volume":"21","author":"U Poge","year":"2006","unstructured":"Poge U, Gerhardt T, Stoffel-Wagner B, Klehr HU, Sauerbruch T, Woitas RP: Calculation of glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C in cirrhotic patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006, 21: 660-664. 10.1093\/ndt\/gfi305","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"9922_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2008.052","volume":"46","author":"Q Ling","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ling Q, Xu X, Li J, Wu J, Chen J, Xie H, Zheng S: A new serum cystatin C-based equation for assessing glomerular filtration rate in liver transplantation. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008, 46: 405-410. 10.1515\/CCLM.2008.052","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"9922_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.33957","volume":"8","author":"O Schuck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schuck O, Gottfriedova H, Maly J, Jabor A, Stollova M, Bruzkova I, Skibova J, Ryska M, Spicak J, Trunecka P, Novakova J: Glomerular filtration rate assessment in individuals after orthotopic liver transplantation based on serum cystatin C levels. Liver Transpl 2002, 8: 594-599. 10.1053\/jlts.2002.33957","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp255","volume":"24","author":"N Boudville","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boudville N, Salama M, Jeffrey GP, Ferrari P: The inaccuracy of cystatin C and creatinine-based equations in predicting GFR in orthotopic liver transplant recipients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009, 24: 2926-2930. 10.1093\/ndt\/gfp255","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"9922_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(01)02756-7","volume":"34","author":"JJ Berenguer-Pina","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berenguer-Pina JJ, Noguera J, Canizares F, Hernandez-Bernal C, Velasco-Conesa E, Lozano-Postigo C, Patino A, Cabezuelo J, Acosta F, Martinez-Hernandez P, Ramirez P, Parrilla P: Cystatin C: a marker of glomerular filtration rate in liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2002, 34: 268-269. 10.1016\/S0041-1345(01)02756-7","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"9922_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230122","volume":"23","author":"V Arroyo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Arroyo V, Gines P, Gerbes AL, Dudley FJ, Gentilini P, Laffi G, Reynolds TB, Ring-Larsen H, Scholmerich J: Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club. Hepatology 1996, 23: 164-176. 10.1002\/hep.510230122","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9922_CR40","first-page":"1310","volume":"56","author":"F Salerno","year":"2007","unstructured":"Salerno F, Gerbes A, Gines P, Wong F, Arroyo V: Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. Gut 2007, 56: 1310-1318.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9922_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2872","volume":"8","author":"R Bellomo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, Mehta RL, Palevsky P: Acute renal failure - definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group. Crit Care 2004, 8: 204-12.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"9922_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000130340.93930.DD","volume":"15","author":"A Lassnigg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lassnigg A, Schmidlin D, Mouhieddine M, Bachmann LM, Druml W, Bauer P, Hiesmayr M: Minimal changes of serum creatinine predict prognosis in patients after cardiothoracic surgery: a prospective cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004, 15: 1597-1605. 10.1097\/01.ASN.0000130340.93930.DD","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"9922_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R31","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5713","volume":"11","author":"RL Mehta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV, Molitoris BA, Ronco C, Warnock DG, Levin A: Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. Crit Care 2007, 11: R31. 10.1186\/cc5713","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"9922_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0760-6","volume":"33","author":"CC Jenq","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jenq CC, Tsai MH, Tian YC, Lin CY, Yang C, Liu NJ, Lien JM, Chen YC, Fang JT, Chen PC, Yang CW: RIFLE classification can predict short-term prognosis in critically ill cirrhotic patients. Intensive Care Med 2007, 33: 1921-1930. 10.1007\/s00134-007-0760-6","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"9922_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05908.x","volume":"24","author":"E Cholongitas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cholongitas E, Calvaruso V, Senzolo M, Patch D, Shaw S, O'Beirne J, Burroughs AK: RIFLE classification as predictive factor of mortality in patients with cirrhosis admitted to intensive care unit. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009, 24: 1639-1647. 10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05908.x","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9922_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-2842-7","volume":"31","author":"D du Cheyron","year":"2005","unstructured":"du Cheyron D, Bouchet B, Parienti JJ, Ramakers M, Charbonneau P: The attributable mortality of acute renal failure in critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis. Intensive Care Med 2005, 31: 1693-1699. 10.1007\/s00134-005-2842-7","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"9922_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.236133","volume":"60","author":"F Wong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wong F, Nadim MK, Kellum JA, Salerno F, Bellomo R, Gerbes A, Angeli P, Moreau R, Davenport A, Jalan R, Ronco C, Genyk Y, Arroyo V: Working Party proposal for a revised classification system of renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis. Gut 2011, 60: 702-709. 10.1136\/gut.2010.236133","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9922_CR48","unstructured":"K\/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification Am J Kidney Dis 2002, 39: S1-266."},{"key":"9922_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2331","volume":"134","author":"PE Marik","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marik PE, Baram M, Vahid B: Does central venous pressure predict fluid responsiveness? A systematic review of the literature and the tale of seven mares. Chest 2008, 134: 172-178. 10.1378\/chest.07-2331","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"9922_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000249851.94101.4F","volume":"35","author":"D Osman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Osman D, Ridel C, Ray P, Monnet X, Anguel N, Richard C, Teboul JL: Cardiac filling pressures are not appropriate to predict hemodynamic response to volume challenge. Crit Care Med 2007, 35: 64-68. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000249851.94101.4F","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"9922_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181a590da","volume":"37","author":"PE Marik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marik PE, Cavallazzi R, Vasu T, Hirani A: Dynamic changes in arterial waveform derived variables and fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Care Med 2009, 37: 2642-2647. 10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181a590da","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"9922_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1649-7","volume":"29","author":"DA Reuter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reuter DA, Bayerlein J, Goepfert MS, Weis FC, Kilger E, Lamm P, Goetz AE: Influence of tidal volume on left ventricular stroke volume variation measured by pulse contour analysis in mechanically ventilated patients. Intensive Care Med 2003, 29: 476-480.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"9922_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2006.01120.x","volume":"50","author":"A Perner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Perner A, Faber T: Stroke volume variation does not predict fluid responsiveness in patients with septic shock on pressure support ventilation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2006, 50: 1068-1073. 10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2006.01120.x","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"9922_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R4","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6765","volume":"12","author":"A Umgelter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Umgelter A, Reindl W, Wagner KS, Franzen M, Stock K, Schmid RM, Huber W: Effects of plasma expansion with albumin and paracentesis on haemodynamics and kidney function in critically ill cirrhotic patients with tense ascites and hepatorenal syndrome: a prospective uncontrolled trial. Crit Care 2008, 12: R4. 10.1186\/cc6765","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"9922_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1253-y","volume":"35","author":"A Umgelter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Umgelter A, Reindl W, Franzen M, Lenhardt C, Huber W, Schmid RM: Renal resistive index and renal function before and after paracentesis in patients with hepatorenal syndrome and tense ascites. Intensive Care Med 2009, 35: 152-156. 10.1007\/s00134-008-1253-y","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"9922_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccx.0000224870.24324.cc","volume":"12","author":"C Charron","year":"2006","unstructured":"Charron C, Caille V, Jardin F, Vieillard-Baron A: Echocardiographic measurement of fluid responsiveness. Curr Opin Crit Care 2006, 12: 249-254. 10.1097\/01.ccx.0000224870.24324.cc","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"9922_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-8-39","volume":"8","author":"A Umgelter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Umgelter A, Wagner K, Reindl W, Nurtsch N, Huber W, Schmid RM: Haemodynamic effects of plasma-expansion with hyperoncotic albumin in cirrhotic patients with renal failure: a prospective interventional study. BMC Gastroenterol 2008, 8: 39. 10.1186\/1471-230X-8-39","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9922_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.29.10.1196","volume":"29","author":"TH Kiser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kiser TH, Maclaren R, Fish DN: Treatment of hepatorenal syndrome. Pharmacotherapy 2009, 29: 1196-1211. 10.1592\/phco.29.10.1196","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"9922_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520510012064","volume":"40","author":"S Moller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moller S, Bendtsen F, Henriksen JH: Pathophysiological basis of pharmacotherapy in the hepatorenal syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005, 40: 491-500. 10.1080\/00365520510012064","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9922_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80151-7","volume":"29","author":"A Hadengue","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hadengue A, Gadano A, Moreau R, Giostra E, Durand F, Valla D, Erlinger S, Lebrec D: Beneficial effects of the 2-day administration of terlipressin in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome. J Hepatol 1998, 29: 565-570. 10.1016\/S0168-8278(98)80151-7","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9922_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80158-0","volume":"33","author":"J Uriz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Uriz J, Gines P, Cardenas A, Sort P, Jimenez W, Salmeron JM, Bataller R, Mas A, Navasa M, Arroyo V, Rodes J: Terlipressin plus albumin infusion: an effective and safe therapy of hepatorenal syndrome. J Hepatol 2000, 33: 43-48. 10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80158-0","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9922_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.02934.x","volume":"18","author":"P Solanki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Solanki P, Chawla A, Garg R, Gupta R, Jain M, Sarin SK: Beneficial effects of terlipressin in hepatorenal syndrome: a prospective, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003, 18: 152-156. 10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2003.02934.x","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9922_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.05176.x","volume":"23","author":"AG Testro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Testro AG, Wongseelashote S, Angus PW, Gow PJ: Long-term outcome of patients treated with terlipressin for types 1 and 2 hepatorenal syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008, 23: 1535-1540. 10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.05176.x","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9922_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23283","volume":"51","author":"A Nazar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nazar A, Pereira GH, Guevara M, Martin-Llahi M, Pepin MN, Marinelli M, Sola E, Baccaro ME, Terra C, Arroyo V, Gines P: Predictors of response to therapy with terlipressin and albumin in patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology 2010, 51: 219-226. 10.1002\/hep.23283","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9922_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-9919-9","volume":"53","author":"S Neri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Neri S, Pulvirenti D, Malaguarnera M, Cosimo BM, Bertino G, Ignaccolo L, Siringo S, Castellino P: Terlipressin and albumin in patients with cirrhosis and type I hepatorenal syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 2008, 53: 830-835. 10.1007\/s10620-007-9919-9","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"9922_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.35819","volume":"36","author":"R Ortega","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ortega R, Gines P, Uriz J, Cardenas A, Calahorra B, De Las Heras D, Guevara M, Bataller R, Jimenez W, Arroyo V, Rodes J: Terlipressin therapy with and without albumin for patients with hepatorenal syndrome: results of a prospective, nonrandomized study. Hepatology 2002, 36: 941-948.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9922_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sagi SV, Mittal S, Kasturi KS, Sood GK: Terlipressin therapy for reversal of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 25: 880-885.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.06132.x"},{"key":"9922_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.014","volume":"134","author":"AJ Sanyal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanyal AJ, Boyer T, Garcia-Tsao G, Regenstein F, Rossaro L, Appenrodt B, Blei A, Gulberg V, Sigal S, Teuber P: A randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of terlipressin for type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. Gastroenterology 2008, 134: 1360-1368. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9922_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01828.x","volume":"103","author":"P Sharma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharma P, Kumar A, Shrama BC, Sarin SK: An open label, pilot, randomized controlled trial of noradrenaline versus terlipressin in the treatment of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome and predictors of response. Am J Gastroenterol 2008, 103: 1689-1697. 10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01828.x","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9922_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.32364","volume":"122","author":"R Moreau","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moreau R, Durand F, Poynard T, Duhamel C, Cervoni JP, Ichai P, Abergel A, Halimi C, Pauwels M, Bronowicki JP, Giostra E, Fleurot C, Gurnot D, Nouel O, Renard P, Rivoal M, Blanc P, Coumaros D, Ducloux S, Levy S, Pariente A, Perarnau JM, Roche J, Scribe-Outtas M, Valla D, Bernard B, Samuel D, Butel J, Hadengue A, Platek A, et al.: Terlipressin in patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome: a retrospective multicenter study. Gastroenterology 2002, 122: 923-930. 10.1053\/gast.2002.32364","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9922_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.024","volume":"134","author":"M Martin-Llahi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Martin-Llahi M, Pepin MN, Guevara M, Diaz F, Torre A, Monescillo A, Soriano G, Terra C, Fabrega E, Arroyo V, Rodes J, Gines P: Terlipressin and albumin vs albumin in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized study. Gastroenterology 2008, 134: 1352-1359. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9922_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21901","volume":"46","author":"A Krag","year":"2007","unstructured":"Krag A, Moller S, Henriksen JH, Holstein-Rathlou NH, Larsen FS, Bendtsen F: Terlipressin improves renal function in patients with cirrhosis and ascites without hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology 2007, 46: 1863-1871. 10.1002\/hep.21901","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9922_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200202000-00009","volume":"14","author":"C Halimi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Halimi C, Bonnard P, Bernard B, Mathurin P, Mofredj A, di Martino V, Demontis R, Henry-Biabaud E, Fievet P, Opolon P, Poynard T, Cadranel JF: Effect of terlipressin (Glypressin) on hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhotic patients: results of a multicentre pilot study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002, 14: 153-158. 10.1097\/00042737-200202000-00009","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9922_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.03.064","volume":"137","author":"AL Gerbes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gerbes AL, Huber E, Gulberg V: Terlipressin for hepatorenal syndrome: continuous infusion as an alternative to i.v. bolus administration. Gastroenterology 2009, 137: 1179.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9922_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02816.x","volume":"17","author":"I Colle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Colle I, Durand F, Pessione F, Rassiat E, Bernuau J, Barriere E, Lebrec D, Valla DC, Moreau R: Clinical course, predictive factors and prognosis in patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome treated with Terlipressin: a retrospective analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002, 17: 882-888. 10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02816.x","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9922_CR76","first-page":"303","volume":"50","author":"A Danalioglu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Danalioglu A, Cakaloglu Y, Karaca C, Aksoy N, Akyuz F, Ozdil S, Demir K, Besisik F, Boztas G, Mungan Z, Kaymakoglu S, Okten A: Terlipressin and albumin combination treatment in hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatogastroenterology 2003, 50: 303-305.","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"9922_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.04.010","volume":"47","author":"C Alessandria","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alessandria C, Ottobrelli A, Debernardi-Venon W, Todros L, Cerenzia MT, Martini S, Balzola F, Morgando A, Rizzetto M, Marzano A: Noradrenalin vs terlipressin in patients with hepatorenal syndrome: a prospective, randomized, unblinded, pilot study. J Hepatol 2007, 47: 499-505. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.04.010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9922_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880903200303","volume":"32","author":"F Fabrizi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fabrizi F, Dixit V, Messa P, Martin P: Terlipressin for hepatorenal syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Int J Artif Organs 2009, 32: 133-140.","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"9922_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23286","volume":"51","author":"LL Gluud","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gluud LL, Christensen K, Christensen E, Krag A: Systematic review of randomized trials on vasoconstrictor drugs for hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology 2010, 51: 576-584. 10.1002\/hep.23286","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9922_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.34343","volume":"36","author":"C Duvoux","year":"2002","unstructured":"Duvoux C, Zanditenas D, Hezode C, Chauvat A, Monin JL, Roudot-Thoraval F, Mallat A, Dhumeaux D: Effects of noradrenalin and albumin in patients with type I hepatorenal syndrome: a pilot study. Hepatology 2002, 36: 374-380. 10.1053\/jhep.2002.34343","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9922_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh930","volume":"20","author":"TH Kiser","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kiser TH, Fish DN, Obritsch MD, Jung R, MacLaren R, Parikh CR: Vasopressin, not octreotide, may be beneficial in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome: a retrospective study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005, 20: 1813-1820. 10.1093\/ndt\/gfh930","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"9922_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318188947c","volume":"43","author":"C Skagen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Skagen C, Einstein M, Lucey MR, Said A: Combination treatment with octreotide, midodrine, and albumin improves survival in patients with type 1 and type 2 hepatorenal syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 2009, 43: 680-685. 10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318188947c","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9922_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01778.x","volume":"29","author":"P Tandon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tandon P, Tsuyuki RT, Mitchell L, Hoskinson M, Ma MM, Wong WW, Mason AL, Gutfreund K, Bain VG: The effect of 1 month of therapy with midodrine, octreotide-LAR and albumin in refractory ascites: a pilot study. Liver Int 2009, 29: 169-174. 10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01778.x","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"9922_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20262","volume":"40","author":"F Wong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wong F, Pantea L, Sniderman K: Midodrine, octreotide, albumin, and TIPS in selected patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology 2004, 40: 55-64.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9922_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9312-0","volume":"52","author":"E Esrailian","year":"2007","unstructured":"Esrailian E, Pantangco ER, Kyulo NL, Hu KQ, Runyon BA: Octreotide\/Midodrine therapy significantly improves renal function and 30-day survival in patients with type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 2007, 52: 742-748. 10.1007\/s10620-006-9312-0","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"9922_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2008.09.014","volume":"41","author":"C Alessandria","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alessandria C, Debernardi-Venon W, Carello M, Ceretto S, Rizzetto M, Marzano A: Midodrine in the prevention of hepatorenal syndrome type 2 recurrence: a case-control study. Dig Liver Dis 2009, 41: 298-302. 10.1016\/j.dld.2008.09.014","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"9922_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290629","volume":"29","author":"P Angeli","year":"1999","unstructured":"Angeli P, Volpin R, Gerunda G, Craighero R, Roner P, Merenda R, Amodio P, Sticca A, Caregaro L, Maffei-Faccioli A, Gatta A: Reversal of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome with the administration of midodrine and octreotide. Hepatology 1999, 29: 1690-1697. 10.1002\/hep.510290629","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9922_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03471.x","volume":"19","author":"O Witzke","year":"2004","unstructured":"Witzke O, Baumann M, Patschan D, Patschan S, Mitchell A, Treichel U, Gerken G, Philipp T, Kribben A: Which patients benefit from hemodialysis therapy in hepatorenal syndrome? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004, 19: 1369-1373. 10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2004.03471.x","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"9922_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04821107","volume":"3","author":"A Davenport","year":"2008","unstructured":"Davenport A, Bouman C, Kirpalani A, Skippen P, Tolwani A, Mehta RL, Palevsky PM: Delivery of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: what are the key issues? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008, 3: 869-875. 10.2215\/CJN.04821107","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"9922_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902413","volume":"361","author":"R Bellomo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bellomo R, Cass A, Cole L, Finfer S, Gallagher M, Lo S, McArthur C, McGuinness S, Myburgh J, Norton R, Scheinkestel C, Su S: Intensity of continuous renal-replacement therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2009, 361: 1627-1638.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9922_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-001-1159-4","volume":"28","author":"JA Kellum","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kellum JA, Angus DC, Johnson JP, Leblanc M, Griffin M, Ramakrishnan N, Linde-Zwirble WT: Continuous versus intermittent renal replacement therapy: a meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 2002, 28: 29-37. 10.1007\/s00134-001-1159-4","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"9922_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.36318","volume":"40","author":"M Tonelli","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tonelli M, Manns B, Feller-Kopman D: Acute renal failure in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of the impact of dialytic modality on mortality and renal recovery. Am J Kidney Dis 2002, 40: 875-885. 10.1053\/ajkd.2002.36318","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"9922_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802639","volume":"359","author":"PM Palevsky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Palevsky PM, Zhang JH, O'Connor TZ, Chertow GM, Crowley ST, Choudhury D, Finkel K, Kellum JA, Paganini E, Schein RM, Smith MW, Swanson KM, Thompson BT, Vijayan A, Watnick S, Star RA, Peduzzi P: Intensity of renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med 2008, 359: 7-20.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9922_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1159\/000185727","volume":"53","author":"A Davenport","year":"1989","unstructured":"Davenport A, Will EJ, Davison AM, Swindells S, Cohen AT, Miloszewski KJ, Losowsky MS: Changes in intracranial pressure during haemofiltration in oliguric patients with grade IV hepatic encephalopathy. Nephron 1989, 53: 142-146. 10.1159\/000185727","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"9922_CR95","first-page":"S245","volume":"41","author":"A Davenport","year":"1993","unstructured":"Davenport A, Will EJ, Davison AM: Effect of renal replacement therapy on patients with combined acute renal and fulminant hepatic failure. Kidney Int Suppl 1993, 41: S245-251.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"9922_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92821-8","volume":"2","author":"TM Chang","year":"1972","unstructured":"Chang TM: Haemoperfusions over microencapsulated adsorbent in a patient with hepatic coma. Lancet 1972, 2: 1371-1372.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9922_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1177\/039139888300600605","volume":"6","author":"D Bihari","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bihari D, Hughes RD, Gimson AE, Langley PG, Ede RJ, Eder G, Williams R: Effects of serial resin hemoperfusion in fulminant hepatic failure. Int J Artif Organs 1983, 6: 299-302.","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"9922_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889001300608","volume":"13","author":"G Splendiani","year":"1990","unstructured":"Splendiani G, Tancredi M, Daniele M, Giammaria U: Treatment of acute liver failure with hemodetoxification techniques. Int J Artif Organs 1990, 13: 370-374.","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"9922_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)90711-5","volume":"2","author":"AE Gimson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gimson AE, Braude S, Mellon PJ, Canalese J, Williams R: Earlier charcoal haemoperfusion in fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet 1982, 2: 681-683.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9922_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90011-X","volume":"94","author":"JG O'Grady","year":"1988","unstructured":"O'Grady JG, Gimson AE, O'Brien CJ, Pucknell A, Hughes RD, Williams R: Controlled trials of charcoal hemoperfusion and prognostic factors in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 1988, 94: 1186-1192.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9922_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90678-3","volume":"1","author":"BG Gazzard","year":"1974","unstructured":"Gazzard BG, Weston MJ, Murray-Lyon IM, Flax H, Record CO, Williams R, Portmann B, Langley PG, Dunlop EH, Mellon PJ, Ward MD: Charcoal haemoperfusion in the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure. Lancet 1974, 1: 1301-1307.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9922_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889902200107","volume":"22","author":"AJ Ellis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ellis AJ, Hughes RD, Nicholl D, Langley PG, Wendon JA, O'Grady JG, Williams R: Temporary extracorporeal liver support for severe acute alcoholic hepatitis using the BioLogic-DT. Int J Artif Organs 1999, 22: 27-34.","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"9922_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889401701207","volume":"17","author":"RD Hughes","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hughes RD, Pucknell A, Routley D, Langley PG, Wendon JA, Williams R: Evaluation of the BioLogic-DT sorbent-suspension dialyser in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Int J Artif Organs 1994, 17: 657-662.","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"9922_CR104","first-page":"151","volume":"15","author":"SR Ash","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ash SR, Blake DE, Carr DJ, Carter C, Howard T, Makowka L: Clinical effects of a sorbent suspension dialysis system in treatment of hepatic coma (the BioLogic-DT). Int J Artif Organs 1992, 15: 151-161.","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"9922_CR105","first-page":"43","volume":"8","author":"AH Wilkinson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wilkinson AH, Ash SR, Nissenson AR: Hemodiabsorption in treatment of hepatic failure. J Transpl Coord 1998, 8: 43-50.","journal-title":"J Transpl Coord"},{"key":"9922_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-72-2-165","volume":"72","author":"MJ Lepore","year":"1970","unstructured":"Lepore MJ, Martel AJ: Plasmapheresis with plasma exchange in hepatic coma. Methods and results in five patients with acute fulminant hepatic necrosis. Ann Intern Med 1970, 72: 165-174.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"9922_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1972.00320060048004","volume":"129","author":"MJ Lepore","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lepore MJ, Stutman LJ, Bonanno CA, Conklin EF, Robilotti JG Jr, McKenna PJ: Plasmapheresis with plasma exchange in hepatic coma. II. Fulminant viral hepatitis as a systemic disease. Arch Intern Med 1972, 129: 900-907. 10.1001\/archinte.1972.00320060048004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"9922_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01316501","volume":"38","author":"M Yoshiba","year":"1993","unstructured":"Yoshiba M, Sekiyama K, Iwamura Y, Sugata F: Development of reliable artificial liver support (ALS)--plasma exchange in combination with hemodiafiltration using high-performance membranes. Dig Dis Sci 1993, 38: 469-476. 10.1007\/BF01316501","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"9922_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889201501110","volume":"15","author":"J Kondrup","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kondrup J, Almdal T, Vilstrup H, Tygstrup N: High volume plasma exchange in fulminant hepatic failure. Int J Artif Organs 1992, 15: 669-676.","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"9922_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290206","volume":"29","author":"JO Clemmesen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Clemmesen JO, Gerbes AL, Gulberg V, Hansen BA, Larsen FS, Skak C, Tygstrup N, Ott P: Hepatic blood flow and splanchnic oxygen consumption in patients with liver failure. Effect of high-volume plasmapheresis. Hepatology 1999, 29: 347-355. 10.1002\/hep.510290206","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9922_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.1989.tb01556.x","volume":"13","author":"T Morimoto","year":"1989","unstructured":"Morimoto T, Matsushima M, Sowa N, Ide K, Sawanishi K: Plasma adsorption using bilirubin-adsorbent materials as a treatment for patients with hepatic failure. Artif Organs 1989, 13: 447-452.","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"9922_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199802150-00025","volume":"65","author":"R Ott","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ott R, Rupprecht H, Born G, Muller V, Reck T, Hohenberger W, Kockerling F: Plasma separation and bilirubin adsorption after complicated liver transplantation: a therapeutic approach to excessive hyperbilirubinemia. Transplantation 1998, 65: 434-437. 10.1097\/00007890-199802150-00025","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"9922_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3109\/10731199109117826","volume":"19","author":"K Tabei","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tabei K, Akai Y, Takeda S, Homma S, Kusano E, Asano Y: Application of plasma perfusion in hepatic failure. Biomater Artif Cells Immobilization Biotechnol 1991, 19: 193-201.","journal-title":"Biomater Artif Cells Immobilization Biotechnol"},{"key":"9922_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2006.00355.x","volume":"10","author":"J Rozga","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rozga J, Umehara Y, Trofimenko A, Sadahiro T, Demetriou AA: A novel plasma filtration therapy for hepatic failure: preclinical studies. Ther Apher Dial 2006, 10: 138-144. 10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2006.00355.x","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"key":"9922_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i20.2984","volume":"10","author":"LJ Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li LJ, Yang Q, Huang JR, Xu XW, Chen YM, Fu SZ: Effect of artificial liver support system on patients with severe viral hepatitis: a study of four hundred cases. World J Gastroenterol 2004, 10: 2984-2988.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"9922_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/039139889201500107","volume":"15","author":"H Geiger","year":"1992","unstructured":"Geiger H, Klepper J, Lux P, Heidland A: Biochemical assessment and clinical evaluation of a bilirubin adsorbent column (BR-350) in critically ill patients with intractable jaundice. Int J Artif Organs 1992, 15: 35-39.","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"9922_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880402700810","volume":"27","author":"R Senf","year":"2004","unstructured":"Senf R, Klingel R, Kurz S, Tullius S, Sauer I, Frei U, Schindler R: Bilirubin-adsorption in 23 critically ill patients with liver failure. Int J Artif Organs 2004, 27: 717-722.","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"9922_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1159\/000227280","volume":"28","author":"CJ Karvellas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karvellas CJ, Bagshaw SM, McDermid RC, Stollery DE, Bain VG, Gibney RT: A case-control study of single-pass albumin dialysis for acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Blood Purif 2009, 28: 151-158. 10.1159\/000227280","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"key":"9922_CR119","first-page":"479","volume":"19","author":"E Rahman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rahman E, Al Suwaida AK, Askar A: Single pass albumin dialysis in hepatorenal syndrome. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2008, 19: 479-484.","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.11.023","volume":"45","author":"LS Chawla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chawla LS, Georgescu F, Abell B, Seneff MG, Kimmel PL: Modification of continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration with single-pass albumin dialysate allows for removal of serum bilirubin. Am J Kidney Dis 2005, 45: e51-56. 10.1053\/j.ajkd.2004.11.023","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"9922_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2009.00758.x","volume":"33","author":"U Boonsrirat","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boonsrirat U, Tiranathanagul K, Srisawat N, Susantitaphong P, Komolmit P, Praditpornsilpa K, Tungsanga K, Eiam-Ong S: Effective bilirubin reduction by single-pass albumin dialysis in liver failure. Artif Organs 2009, 33: 648-653. 10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2009.00758.x","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"9922_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2006.00353.x","volume":"10","author":"J Vienken","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vienken J, Christmann H: How can liver toxins be removed? Filtration and adsorption with the Prometheus system. Ther Apher Dial 2006, 10: 125-131. 10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2006.00353.x","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"key":"9922_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1159\/000086552","volume":"23","author":"K Rifai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rifai K, Ernst T, Kretschmer U, Hafer C, Haller H, Manns MP, Fliser D: The Prometheus device for extracorporeal support of combined liver and renal failure. Blood Purif 2005, 23: 298-302. 10.1159\/000086552","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"key":"9922_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00468-9","volume":"39","author":"K Rifai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rifai K, Ernst T, Kretschmer U, Bahr MJ, Schneider A, Hafer C, Haller H, Manns MP, Fliser D: Prometheus--a new extracorporeal system for the treatment of liver failure. J Hepatol 2003, 39: 984-990. 10.1016\/S0168-8278(03)00468-9","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9922_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20139","volume":"10","author":"MS Khuroo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Khuroo MS, Farahat KL: Molecular adsorbent recirculating system for acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure: a meta-analysis. Liver Transpl 2004, 10: 1099-1106. 10.1002\/lt.20139","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1053\/lv.2000.6355","volume":"6","author":"SR Mitzner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mitzner SR, Stange J, Klammt S, Risler T, Erley CM, Bader BD, Berger ED, Lauchart W, Peszynski P, Freytag J, Hickstein H, Loock J, Lohr JM, Liebe S, Emmrich J, Korten G, Schmidt R: Improvement of hepatorenal syndrome with extracorporeal albumin dialysis MARS: results of a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Liver Transpl 2000, 6: 277-286. 10.1053\/lv.2000.6355","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.174615","volume":"59","author":"F Wong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wong F, Raina N, Richardson R: Molecular adsorbent recirculating system is ineffective in the management of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome in patients with cirrhosis with ascites who have failed vasoconstrictor treatment. Gut 2010, 59: 381-386. 10.1136\/gut.2008.174615","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9922_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21930","volume":"46","author":"TI Hassanein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hassanein TI, Tofteng F, Brown RS Jr, McGuire B, Lynch P, Mehta R, Larsen FS, Gornbein J, Stange J, Blei AT: Randomized controlled study of extracorporeal albumin dialysis for hepatic encephalopathy in advanced cirrhosis. Hepatology 2007, 46: 1853-1862. 10.1002\/hep.21930","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9922_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2009.00708.x","volume":"13","author":"C Camus","year":"2009","unstructured":"Camus C, Lavoue S, Gacouin A, Compagnon P, Boudjema K, Jacquelinet C, Thomas R, Le Tulzo Y: Liver transplantation avoided in patients with fulminant hepatic failure who received albumin dialysis with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system while on the waiting list: impact of the duration of therapy. Ther Apher Dial 2009, 13: 549-555. 10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2009.00708.x","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"key":"9922_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.36130","volume":"36","author":"U Heemann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heemann U, Treichel U, Loock J, Philipp T, Gerken G, Malago M, Klammt S, Loehr M, Liebe S, Mitzner S, Schmidt R, Stange J: Albumin dialysis in cirrhosis with superimposed acute liver injury: a prospective, controlled study. Hepatology 2002, 36: 949-958.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9922_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20236","volume":"10","author":"S Sen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sen S, Davies NA, Mookerjee RP, Cheshire LM, Hodges SJ, Williams R, Jalan R: Pathophysiological effects of albumin dialysis in acute-on-chronic liver failure: a randomized controlled study. Liver Transpl 2004, 10: 1109-1119. 10.1002\/lt.20236","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3089.2003.00062.x","volume":"10","author":"IM Sauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sauer IM, Kardassis D, Zeillinger K, Pascher A, Gruenwald A, Pless G, Irgang M, Kraemer M, Puhl G, Frank J, Muller AR, Steinmuller T, Denner J, Neuhaus P, Gerlack JC: Clinical extracorporeal hybrid liver support--phase I study with primary porcine liver cells. Xenotransplantation 2003, 10: 460-469. 10.1034\/j.1399-3089.2003.00062.x","journal-title":"Xenotransplantation"},{"key":"9922_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s005340170045","volume":"8","author":"T Hui","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hui T, Rozga J, Demetriou AA: Bioartificial liver support. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2001, 8: 1-15. 10.1007\/s005340170045","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg"},{"key":"9922_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1177\/039139880202501015","volume":"25","author":"IM Sauer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sauer IM, Zeilinger K, Obermayer N, Pless G, Grunwald A, Pascher A, Mieder T, Roth S, Goetz M, Kardassis D, Mas A, Neuhaus P, Gerlach JC: Primary human liver cells as source for modular extracorporeal liver support--a preliminary report. Int J Artif Organs 2002, 25: 1001-1005.","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"9922_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)24010-9","volume":"349","author":"KA Brensing","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brensing KA, Textor J, Strunk H, Klehr HU, Schild H, Sauerbruch T: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt for hepatorenal syndrome. Lancet 1997, 349: 697-698. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)24010-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9922_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280219","volume":"28","author":"M Guevara","year":"1998","unstructured":"Guevara M, Gines P, Bandi JC, Gilabert R, Sort P, Jimenez W, Garcia-Pagan JC, Bosch J, Arroyo V, Rodes J: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in hepatorenal syndrome: effects on renal function and vasoactive systems. Hepatology 1998, 28: 416-422. 10.1002\/hep.510280219","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9922_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.47.2.288","volume":"47","author":"KA Brensing","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brensing KA, Textor J, Perz J, Schiedermaier P, Raab P, Strunk H, Klehr HU, Kramer HJ, Spengler U, Schild H, Sauerbruch T: Long term outcome after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in non-transplant cirrhotics with hepatorenal syndrome: a phase II study. Gut 2000, 47: 288-295. 10.1136\/gut.47.2.288","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9922_CR138","first-page":"1753","volume":"50","author":"G Testino","year":"2003","unstructured":"Testino G, Ferro C, Sumberaz A, Messa P, Morelli N, Guadagni B, Ardizzone G, Valente U: Type-2 hepatorenal syndrome and refractory ascites: role of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in eighteen patients with advanced cirrhosis awaiting orthotopic liver transplantation. Hepatogastroenterology 2003, 50: 1753-1755.","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"9922_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5000216","volume":"69","author":"JB Cabezuelo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cabezuelo JB, Ramirez P, Rios A, Acosta F, Torres D, Sansano T, Pons JA, Bru M, Montoya M, Bueno FS, Robles R, Parrilla P: Risk factors of acute renal failure after liver transplantation. Kidney Int 2006, 69: 1073-1080. 10.1038\/sj.ki.5000216","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"9922_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20445","volume":"11","author":"MS Campbell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Campbell MS, Kotlyar DS, Brensinger CM, Lewis JD, Shetty K, Bloom RD, Markmann JF, Olthoff KM, Shaked A, Reddy KR: Renal function after orthotopic liver transplantation is predicted by duration of pretransplantation creatinine elevation. Liver Transpl 2005, 11: 1048-1055. 10.1002\/lt.20445","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.06.017","volume":"43","author":"P Kurstein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kurstein P, Gluud LL, Willemann M, Olsen KR, Kjellberg J, Sogaard J, Gluud C: Agreement between reported use of interventions for liver diseases and research evidence in Cochrane systematic reviews. J Hepatol 2005, 43: 984-989. 10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.06.017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9922_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2003.50113","volume":"9","author":"A Pawarode","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pawarode A, Fine DM, Thuluvath PJ: Independent risk factors and natural history of renal dysfunction in liver transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 2003, 9: 741-747. 10.1053\/jlts.2003.50113","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21367","volume":"14","author":"R Bahirwani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bahirwani R, Campbell MS, Siropaides T, Markmann J, Olthoff K, Shaked A, Bloom RD, Reddy KR: Transplantation: impact of pretransplant renal insufficiency. Liver Transpl 2008, 14: 665-671. 10.1002\/lt.21367","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.141.8.735","volume":"141","author":"R Ruiz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ruiz R, Kunitake H, Wilkinson AH, Danovitch GM, Farmer DG, Ghobrial RM, Yersiz H, Hiatt JR, Busuttil RW: Long-term analysis of combined liver and kidney transplantation at a single center. Arch Surg 2006, 141: 735-741. 10.1001\/archsurg.141.8.735","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"9922_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.21149","volume":"13","author":"R Ruiz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ruiz R, Barri YM, Jennings LW, Chinnakotla S, Goldstein RM, Levy MF, McKenna GJ, Randall HB, Sanchez EQ, Klintmalm GB: Hepatorenal syndrome: a proposal for kidney after liver transplantation (KALT). Liver Transpl 2007, 13: 838-843. 10.1002\/lt.21149","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"9922_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01856.x","volume":"7","author":"CL Davis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Davis CL, Feng S, Sung R, Wong F, Goodrich NP, Melton LB, Reddy KR, Guidinger MK, Wilkinson A, Lake J: Simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation: evaluation to decision making. Am J Transplant 2007, 7: 1702-1709. 10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2007.01856.x","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"9922_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02416.x","volume":"8","author":"JD Eason","year":"2008","unstructured":"Eason JD, Gonwa TA, Davis CL, Sung RS, Gerber D, Bloom RD: Proceedings of Consensus Conference on Simultaneous Liver Kidney Transplantation (SLK). Am J Transplant 2008, 8: 2243-2251. 10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02416.x","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"}],"container-title":["Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/cc11188.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/cc11188\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/cc11188.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T04:16:53Z","timestamp":1742444213000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ccforum.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/cc11188"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]]},"references-count":147,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["9922"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc11188","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-8535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-8535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 November 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2011","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2012","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2012","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"R23"}}