{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:43:36Z","timestamp":1790693016910,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute lung injury (ALI)\/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by features other than increased pulmonary vascular permeability. Pulmonary vascular permeability combined with increased extravascular lung water content has been considered a quantitative diagnostic criterion of ALI\/ARDS. This prospective, multi-institutional, observational study aimed to clarify the clinical pathophysiological features of ALI\/ARDS and establish its quantitative diagnostic criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) and the pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) were measured using the transpulmonary thermodilution method in 266 patients with PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio \u2264 300 mmHg and bilateral infiltration on chest radiography, in 23 ICUs of academic tertiary referral hospitals. Pulmonary edema was defined as EVLWI \u2265 10 ml\/kg. Three experts retrospectively determined the pathophysiological features of respiratory insufficiency by considering the patients' history, clinical presentation, chest computed tomography and radiography, echocardiography, EVLWI and brain natriuretic peptide level, and the time course of all preceding findings under systemic and respiratory therapy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients were divided into the following three categories on the basis of the pathophysiological diagnostic differentiation of respiratory insufficiency: ALI\/ARDS, cardiogenic edema, and pleural effusion with atelectasis, which were noted in 207 patients, 26 patients, and 33 patients, respectively. EVLWI was greater in ALI\/ARDS and cardiogenic edema patients than in patients with pleural effusion with atelectasis (18.5 \u00b1 6.8, 14.4 \u00b1 4.0, and 8.3 \u00b1 2.1, respectively;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). PVPI was higher in ALI\/ARDS patients than in cardiogenic edema or pleural effusion with atelectasis patients (3.2 \u00b1 1.4, 2.0 \u00b1 0.8, and 1.6 \u00b1 0.5;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). In ALI\/ARDS patients, EVLWI increased with increasing pulmonary vascular permeability (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.729,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) and was weakly correlated with intrathoracic blood volume (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.236,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). EVLWI was weakly correlated with the PaO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/FiO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ratio in the ALI\/ARDS and cardiogenic edema patients. A PVPI value of 2.6 to 2.85 provided a definitive diagnosis of ALI\/ARDS (specificity, 0.90 to 0.95), and a value &lt; 1.7 ruled out an ALI\/ARDS diagnosis (specificity, 0.95).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PVPI may be a useful quantitative diagnostic tool for ARDS in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure and radiographic infiltrates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UMIN-CTR ID UMIN000003627<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]],"date-time":"2012-12-11T18:14:27Z","timestamp":1355249667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["The clinical usefulness of extravascular lung water and pulmonary vascular permeability index to diagnose and characterize pulmonary edema: a prospective multicenter study on the quantitative differential diagnostic definition for acute lung injury\/acute respiratory distress syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Kushimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Taira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhide","family":"Kitazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Okuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruo","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyasu","family":"Ishikura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Yamanouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Tagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhide","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Sugita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Kase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kanemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Kuroki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroo","family":"Izumino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Rinka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryutarou","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Takatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Irahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The PiCCO Pulmonary Edema Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1017_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000259539.49339.66","volume":"35","author":"F Michard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Michard F: Bedside assessment of extravascular lung water by dilution methods: temptations and pitfalls.\n                           Crit Care Med 2007, 35: 1186-1192. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000259539.49339.66","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2788","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp052699","volume":"353","author":"LB Ware","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ware LB, Matthay MA: Acute pulmonary edema.\n                           N Engl J Med 2005, 353: 2788-2796. 10.1056\/NEJMcp052699","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1017_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.5.452","volume":"57","author":"K Atabai","year":"2002","unstructured":"Atabai K, Matthay MA: The pulmonary physician in critical care. 5: acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome: definitions and epidemiology.\n                           Thorax 2002, 57: 452-458. 10.1136\/thorax.57.5.452","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"1017_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.5.1347","volume":"116","author":"GD Rubenfeld","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rubenfeld GD, Caldwell E, Granton J, Hudson LD, Matthay MA: Interobserver variability in applying a radiographic definition for ARDS.\n                           Chest 1999, 116: 1347-1353. 10.1378\/chest.116.5.1347","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"1017_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.1.9809003","volume":"161","author":"MO Meade","year":"2000","unstructured":"Meade MO, Cook RJ, Guyatt GH, Groll R, Kachura JR, Bedard M, Cook DJ, Slutsky AS, Stewart TE: Interobserver variation in interpreting chest radiographs for the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome.\n                           Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000, 161: 85-90.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200401000-00006","volume":"100","author":"D Lichtenstein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lichtenstein D, Goldstein I, Mourgeon E, Cluzel P, Grenier P, Rouby JJ: Comparative diagnostic performances of auscultation, chest radiography, and lung ultrasonography in acute respiratory distress syndrome.\n                           Anesthesiology 2004, 100: 9-15. 10.1097\/00000542-200401000-00006","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1017_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0498-6","volume":"33","author":"X Monnet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Monnet X, Anguel N, Osman D, Hamzaoui O, Richard C, Teboul JL: Assessing pulmonary permeability by transpulmonary thermodilution allows differentiation of hydrostatic pulmonary edema from ALI\/ARDS.\n                           Intensive Care Med 2007, 33: 448-453. 10.1007\/s00134-006-0498-6","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01704707","volume":"20","author":"GR Bernard","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, Carlet J, Falke K, Hudson L, Lamy M, LeGall JR, Morris A, Spragg R: Report of the American-European consensus conference on ARDS: definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes and clinical trial coordination. The Consensus Committee.\n                           Intensive Care Med 1994, 20: 225-232. 10.1007\/BF01704707","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.3.7509706","volume":"149","author":"GR Bernard","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, Carlet J, Falke K, Hudson L, Lamy M, Legall JR, Morris A, Spragg R: Report of the American-European consensus conference on ARDS: definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes and clinical trial coordination. The Consensus Committee.\n                           Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994, 149: 818-824.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR10","first-page":"2526","volume":"307","author":"VM Ranieri","year":"2012","unstructured":"ARDS Definition Task Force, Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, Ferguson ND, Caldwell E, Fan E, Camporota L, Slutsky AS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition.\n                           JAMA 2012, 307: 2526-2533.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1017_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.03.001","volume":"20","author":"ND Ferguson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ferguson ND, Davis AM, Slutsky AS, Stewart TE: Development of a clinical definition for acute respiratory distress syndrome using the Delphi technique.\n                           J Crit Care 2005, 20: 147-154. 10.1016\/j.jcrc.2005.03.001","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"1017_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5337(03)00039-X","volume":"9","author":"MJ Neff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Neff MJ: The epidemiology and definition of the acute respiratory distress syndrome.\n                           Respir Care Clin N Am 2003, 9: 273-282. 10.1016\/S1078-5337(03)00039-X","journal-title":"Respir Care Clin N Am"},{"key":"1017_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1943-4","volume":"29","author":"E Estenssoro","year":"2003","unstructured":"Estenssoro E, Dubin A, Laffaire E, Canales HS, S\u00e1enz G, Moseinco M, Bachetti P: Impact of positive end-expiratory pressure on the definition of acute respiratory distress syndrome.\n                           Intensive Care Med 2003, 29: 1936-1942. 10.1007\/s00134-003-1943-4","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31817d20bd","volume":"36","author":"J Phua","year":"2008","unstructured":"Phua J, Stewart TE, Ferguson ND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome 40 years later: time to revisit its definition.\n                           Crit Care Med 2008, 36: 2912-2921. 10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31817d20bd","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R74","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3025","volume":"9","author":"GS Martin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martin GS, Eaton S, Mealer M, Moss M: Extravascular lung water in patients with severe sepsis: a prospective cohort study.\n                           Crit Care 2005, 9: R74-R82. 10.1186\/cc3025","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1017_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31818f29d5","volume":"37","author":"CR Phillips","year":"2009","unstructured":"Phillips CR, Smith SM: Predicted body weight-indexed extravascular lung water is elevated in acute respiratory distress syndrome.\n                           Crit Care Med 2009, 37: 377-378.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9902700404","volume":"27","author":"A Davey-Quinn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Davey-Quinn A, Gedney JA, Whiteley SM, Bellamy MC: Extravascular lung water and acute respiratory distress syndrome - oxygenation and outcome.\n                           Anaesth Intensive Care 1999, 27: 357-362.","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"1017_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31823b97fd","volume":"40","author":"F Michard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Michard F, Fernandez-Mondejar E, Kirov MY, Malbrain M, Tagami T: A new and simple definition for acute lung injury.\n                           Crit Care Med 2012, 40: 1004-1006. 10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31823b97fd","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.88.5.649","volume":"88","author":"BD Halperin","year":"1985","unstructured":"Halperin BD, Feeley TW, Mihm FG, Chiles C, Guthaner DF, Blank NE: Evaluation of the portable chest roentgenogram for quantitating extravascular lung water in critically ill adults.\n                           Chest 1985, 88: 649-652. 10.1378\/chest.88.5.649","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"Suppl 418","key":"1017_CR20","first-page":"1","volume":"176","author":"B Lindqvist","year":"1964","unstructured":"Lindqvist B: Experimental uraemic pulmonary oedema including: criteria for pulmonary oedema in anuric rabbits, the role of uramia and overhydration, and a literary survey on the problems of uraemic pulmonary oedema (fluid-retention lung, etc.).\n                           Acta Med Scand 1964,176(Suppl 418):1.","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"1017_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198208000-00009","volume":"57","author":"FG Mihm","year":"1982","unstructured":"Mihm FG, Feeley TW, Rosenthal MH, Lewis F: Measurement of extravascular lung water in dogs using the thermal-green dye indicator dilution method.\n                           Anesthesiology 1982, 57: 116-122. 10.1097\/00000542-198208000-00009","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"1017_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.42.1.72","volume":"42","author":"FG Mihm","year":"1987","unstructured":"Mihm FG, Feeley TW, Jamieson SW: Thermal dye double indicator dilution measurement of lung water in man: comparison with gravimetric measurements.\n                           Thorax 1987, 42: 72-76. 10.1136\/thx.42.1.72","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"1017_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050043","volume":"26","author":"SG Sakka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sakka SG, R\u00fchl CC, Pfeiffer UJ, Beale R, McLuckie A, Reinhart K, Meier-Hellmann A: Assessment of cardiac preload and extravascular lung water by single transpulmonary thermodilution.\n                           Intensive Care Med 2000, 26: 180-187. 10.1007\/s001340050043","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050819","volume":"25","author":"P Neumann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Neumann P: Extravascular lung water and intrathoracic blood volume: double versus single indicator dilution technique.\n                           Intensive Care Med 1999, 25: 216-219. 10.1007\/s001340050819","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R162","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9250","volume":"14","author":"T Tagami","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tagami T, Kushimoto S, Yamamoto Y, Atsumi T, Tosa R, Matsuda K, Oyama R, Kawaguchi T, Masuno T, Hirama H, Yokota H: Validation of extravascular lung water measurement by single transpulmonary thermodilution: human autopsy study.\n                           Crit Care 2010, 14: R162. 10.1186\/cc9250","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1017_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-2-S1-S1","volume":"2","author":"C Cordemans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cordemans C, De laet I, Van Regenmortel N, Schoonheydt K, Dits H, Huber W, Malbrain ML: Fluid management in critically ill patients: the role of extravascular lung water, abdominal hypertension, capillary leak and fluid balance.\n                           Annals Intensive Care 2012,2(Suppl 1):S1. 10.1186\/2110-5820-2-S1-S1","journal-title":"Annals Intensive Care"},{"key":"1017_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000130995.18334.8B","volume":"32","author":"R Katzenelson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Katzenelson R, Perel A, Berkenstadt H, Preisman S, Kogan S, Sternik L, Segal E: Accuracy of transpulmonary thermodilution versus gravimetric measurement of extravascular lung water.\n                           Crit Care Med 2004, 32: 1550-1554. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000130995.18334.8B","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0499-5","volume":"33","author":"DP Schuster","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schuster DP: The search for 'objective' criteria of ARDS.\n                           Intensive Care Med 2007, 33: 400-402. 10.1007\/s00134-006-0499-5","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318236f60e","volume":"40","author":"JL LeTourneau","year":"2012","unstructured":"LeTourneau JL, Pinney J, Phillips CR: Extravascular lung water predicts progression to acute lung injury in patients with increased risk.\n                           Crit Care Med 2012, 40: 847-854. 10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318236f60e","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R204","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10421","volume":"15","author":"X Monnet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Monnet X, Persichini R, Ktari M, Jozwiak M, Richard C, Teboul JL: Precision of the transpulmonary thermodilution measurements.\n                           Crit Care 2011, 15: R204. 10.1186\/cc10421","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1017_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06981.x","volume":"67","author":"T Tagami","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tagami T, Kushimoto S, Tosa R, Omura M, Hagiwara J, Hirama H, Yokota H: The precision of PiCCO\n                           \n                              \u00ae\n                           \n                           measurements in hypothermic post-cardiac arrest patients.\n                           Anesthesia 2012, 67: 236-243. 10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2011.06981.x","journal-title":"Anesthesia"},{"key":"1017_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.4.5.735","volume":"4","author":"EV Newman","year":"1951","unstructured":"Newman EV, Merrell M, Genecin A, Monge C, Milnor WR, McKeever WP: The dye dilution method for describing the central circulation. An analysis of factors shaping the time-concentration curves.\n                           Circulation 1951, 4: 735-746. 10.1161\/01.CIR.4.5.735","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1017_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000164566.23147.35","volume":"33","author":"F Michard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Michard F, Schachtrupp A, Toens C: Factors influencing the estimation of extravascular lung water by transpulmonary thermodilution in critically ill patients.\n                           Crit Care Med 2005, 33: 1243-1247. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000164566.23147.35","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR34","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"JE Knoben","year":"1993","unstructured":"Knoben JE, Anderson PO (Eds): Handbook of Clinical Drug Data. 7th edition. Hamilton, IL: Drug Intelligence; 1993.","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Drug Data"},{"key":"1017_CR35","first-page":"659","volume":"123","author":"RO Crapo","year":"1981","unstructured":"Crapo RO, Morris AH, Gardner RM: Reference spirometric values using techniques and equipment that meet ATS recommendations.\n                           Am Rev Respir Dis 1981, 123: 659-664.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"1017_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000202207.87891.FC","volume":"34","author":"JM O'Brien Jr","year":"2006","unstructured":"O'Brien JM Jr, Phillips GS, Ali NA, Lucarelli M, Marsh CB, Lemeshow S: Body mass index is independently associated with hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated adults with acute lung injury.\n                           Crit Care Med 2006, 34: 738-744.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181743eeb","volume":"36","author":"D Berkowitz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Berkowitz D, Danai P, Eaton S, Moss M, Martin GS: Accurate characterization of extravascular lung water in acute respiratory distress syndrome.\n                           Crit Care Med 2008, 36: 1803-1809. 10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181743eeb","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005043421801","volume":"342","author":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network","year":"2000","unstructured":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network: Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.\n                           N Engl J Med 2000, 342: 1301-1308.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1017_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000295314.01232.BE","volume":"36","author":"CR Phillips","year":"2008","unstructured":"Phillips CR, Chesnutt MS, Smith SM: Extravascular lung water in sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: indexing with predicted body weight improves correlation with severity of illness and survival.\n                           Crit Care Med 2008, 36: 69-73. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000295314.01232.BE","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181b43050","volume":"38","author":"TR Craig","year":"2010","unstructured":"Craig TR, Duffy MJ, Shyamsundar M, McDowell C, McLaughlin B, Elborn JS, McAuley DF: Extravascular lung water indexed to predicted body weight is a novel predictor of intensive care unit mortality in patients with acute lung injury.\n                           Crit Care Med 2010, 38: 114-120. 10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181b43050","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198510000-00009","volume":"13","author":"WA Knaus","year":"1985","unstructured":"Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wanger DP, Zimmerman JE: APACHE II: a severity classification system.\n                           Crit Care Med 1985, 13: 818-829. 10.1097\/00003246-198510000-00009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.14.1754","volume":"286","author":"FL Ferreira","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ferreira FL, Bota DP, Bross A, M\u00e9lot C, Vincent JL: Serial evaluation of the SOFA score to predict outcome in critically ill patients.\n                           JAMA 2001, 286: 1754-1758. 10.1001\/jama.286.14.1754","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1017_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/138.3.720","volume":"138","author":"JF Murray","year":"1998","unstructured":"Murray JF, Matthay MA, Luce JM, Flick MR: An expanded definition of the adult respiratory distress syndrome.\n                           Am Rev Respir Dis 1998, 138: 720-723.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"1017_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000147769.07699.E3","volume":"32","author":"K Bakhtiari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bakhtiari K, Meijers JCM, de Jonge E, Levi M: Prospective validation of the International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation.\n                           Crit Care Med 2004, 32: 2416-2421. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000147769.07699.E3","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050333","volume":"353","author":"GD Rubenfeld","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rubenfeld GD, Caldwell E, Peabody E, Weaver J, Martin DP, Neff M, Stern EJ, Hudson LD: Incidence and outcomes of acute lung injury.\n                           N Engl J Med 2005, 353: 1685-1693. 10.1056\/NEJMoa050333","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1017_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200001000-00039","volume":"28","author":"E Abraham","year":"2000","unstructured":"Abraham E, Matthay MA, Dinarello CA, Vincent JL, Cohen J, Opal SM, Glauser M, Parsons P, Fisher CJ Jr, Repine JE: Consensus conference definitions for sepsis, septic shock, acute lung injury, and acute respiratory distress syndrome: time for a reevaluation.\n                           Crit Care Med 2000, 28: 232-235. 10.1097\/00003246-200001000-00039","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L1118","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00277.2006","volume":"291","author":"W Isakow","year":"2006","unstructured":"Isakow W, Schuster DP: Extravascular lung water measurements and hemodynamic monitoring in the critically ill: bed-side alternatives to the pulmonary artery catheter.\n                           Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006, 291: L1118-L1131. 10.1152\/ajplung.00277.2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"1017_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199422100-00025","volume":"22","author":"TJ Iberti","year":"1994","unstructured":"Iberti TJ, Daily EK, Leibowitz AB, Schecter CB, Fischer EP, Silverstein JH: Assessment of critical care nurses' knowledge of the pulmonary artery catheter. The Pulmonary Artery Catheter Study Group.\n                           Crit Care Med 1994, 22: 1674-1678.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2036-0","volume":"29","author":"S Nunes","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nunes S, Ruokonen E, Takala J: Pulmonary capillary pressures during the acute respiratory distress syndrome.\n                           Intensive Care Med 2003, 29: 2174-2179. 10.1007\/s00134-003-2036-0","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ccx.0000224868.86205.53","volume":"12","author":"X Monnet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Monnet X, Teboul JL: Invasive measures of left ventricular preload.\n                           Curr Opin Crit Care 2006, 12: 235-240. 10.1097\/01.ccx.0000224868.86205.53","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"key":"1017_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2928","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450220094030","volume":"264","author":"TJ Iberti","year":"1990","unstructured":"Iberti TJ, Fischer EP, Leibowitz AB, Panacek EA, Silverstein JH, Albertson TE: A multicenter study of physicians' knowledge of the pulmonary artery catheter. Pulmonary Artery Catheter Study Group.\n                           JAMA 1990, 264: 2928-2932. 10.1001\/jama.1990.03450220094030","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1017_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062200","volume":"354","author":"HP Wiedemann","year":"2006","unstructured":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network, Wiedemann HP, Wheeler AP, Bernard GR, Thompson BT, Hayden D, deBoisblanc B, Connors AF Jr, Hite RD, Harabin AL: Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury.\n                           N Engl J Med 2006, 354: 2564-2575.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1017_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0499-5","volume":"33","author":"DP Schuster","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schuster DP: The search for 'objective' criteria of ARDS.\n                           Intensive Care Med 2007, 33: 400-402. 10.1007\/s00134-006-0499-5","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1017_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R451","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2974","volume":"8","author":"MY Kirov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kirov MY, Kuzkov VV, Kuklin VN, Waerhaug K, Bjertnaes LJ: Extravascular lung water assessed by transpulmonary single thermodilution and postmortem gravimetry in sheep.\n                           Crit Care 2004, 8: R451-R458. 10.1186\/cc2974","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1017_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2003.10.009","volume":"18","author":"E Fern\u00e1ndez-Mond\u00e9jar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Mond\u00e9jar E, Casta\u00f1o-P\u00e9rez J, Rivera-Fern\u00e1ndez R, Colmenero-Ruiz M, Manzano F, P\u00e9rez-Villares J, de la Chica R: Quantification of lung water by transpulmonary thermodilution in normal and edematous lung.\n                           J Crit Care 2003, 18: 253-258. 10.1016\/j.jcrc.2003.10.009","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"1017_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1991.tb03352.x","volume":"35","author":"H Blomqvist","year":"1991","unstructured":"Blomqvist H, Wickerts CJ, Rosblad PG: Effects of pleural fluid and positive end-expiratory pressure on the measurement of extravascular lung water by the double-indicator dilution technique.\n                           Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1991, 35: 578-583. 10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1991.tb03352.x","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"1017_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3109\/09563070400013333","volume":"15","author":"DH Deeren","year":"2004","unstructured":"Deeren DH, Dits H, Daelemans R, Malbrain ML: Effect of pleural fluid on the measurement of extravascular lung water by single transpulmonary thermodilution.\n                           Clin Intensive Care 2004, 15: 119-122.","journal-title":"Clin Intensive Care"},{"key":"1017_CR58","volume-title":"Med Intensiva","author":"V Eichhorn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eichhorn V, Goepfert MS, Eulenburg C, Malbrain ML, Reuter DA: Comparison of values in critically ill patients for global end-diastolic volume and extravascular lung water measured by transcardiopulmonary thermodilution: a metaanalysis of the literature.\n                           Med Intensiva 2012."},{"key":"1017_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2009.02.009","volume":"25","author":"M van der Heijden","year":"2010","unstructured":"van der Heijden M, Groeneveld VBJ: Extravascular lung water to blood volume ratios as measuresof pulmonary capillary permeability in nonseptic critically ill patients.\n                           J Crit Care 2010, 25: 16-22. 10.1016\/j.jcrc.2009.02.009","journal-title":"J Crit Care"}],"container-title":["Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/cc11898.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/cc11898\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/cc11898.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T08:20:14Z","timestamp":1728289214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ccforum.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/cc11898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1017"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc11898","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-8535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-8535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 May 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2012","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2012","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2012","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"R232"}}