{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:30:27Z","timestamp":1790173827679,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Acute heart failure (AHF) is characterized by inadequate cardiac output (CO), congestive symptoms, poor peripheral perfusion and end-organ dysfunction. Treatment often includes a combination of diuretics, oxygen, positive pressure ventilation, inotropes and vasodilators or vasopressors. Lactate is a marker of illness severity but is also an important metabolic substrate for the myocardium at rest and during stress. We tested the effects of half-molar sodium lactate infusion on cardiac performance in AHF.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>We conducted a prospective, randomised, controlled, open-label, pilot clinical trial in 40 patients fulfilling two of the following three criteria for AHF: (1) left ventricular ejection fraction &lt;40%, (2) acute pulmonary oedema or respiratory failure of predominantly cardiac origin requiring mechanical ventilation and (3) currently receiving vasopressor and\/or inotropic support. Patients in the intervention group received a 3\u00a0ml\/kg bolus of half-molar sodium lactate over the course of 15\u00a0minutes followed by 1\u00a0ml\/kg\/h continuous infusion for 24\u00a0hours. The control group received only a 3\u00a0ml\/kg bolus of Hartmann\u2019s solution without continuous infusion. The primary outcome was CO assessed by transthoracic echocardiography 24\u00a0hours after randomisation. Secondary outcomes included a measure of right ventricular systolic function (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)), acid-base balance, electrolyte and organ function parameters, along with length of stay and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>The infusion of half-molar sodium lactate increased (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD) CO from 4.05\u2009\u00b1\u20091.37\u00a0L\/min to 5.49\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u00a0L\/min (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and TAPSE from 14.7\u2009\u00b1\u20095.5\u00a0mm to 18.3\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u00a0mm (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). Plasma sodium and pH increased (136\u2009\u00b1\u20094 to 146\u2009\u00b1\u20096 and 7.40\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06 to 7.53\u2009\u00b1\u20090.03, respectively; both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), but potassium, chloride and phosphate levels decreased. There were no significant differences in the need for vasoactive therapy, respiratory support, renal or liver function tests, duration of ICU and hospital stay or 28- and 90-day mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Infusion of half-molar sodium lactate improved cardiac performance and led to metabolic alkalosis in AHF patients without any detrimental effects on organ function.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Clinicaltrials.gov <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/NCT01981655\">NCT01981655<\/jats:ext-link>. Registered 13 August 2013.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/cc13793","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T12:03:21Z","timestamp":1395749001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Half-molar sodium lactate infusion improves cardiac performance in acute heart failure: a pilot randomised controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Marek","family":"Nalos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier Maurice","family":"Leverve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen 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