{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:11:16Z","timestamp":1790316676155,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,28]],"date-time":"2002-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,28]],"date-time":"2002-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n An elevation in intramucosal\u2013arterial PCO<\/jats:sc>2<\/jats:sub> gradient (\u0394PCO<\/jats:sc>2<\/jats:sub>) could be determined either by tissue hypoxia or by reduced blood flow. Our hypothesis was that in hypoxic hypoxia with preserved blood flow, \u0394PCO<\/jats:sc>2<\/jats:sub> should not be altered.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In 17 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep, oxygen delivery was reduced by decreasing flow (ischemic hypoxia, IH) or arterial oxygen saturation (hypoxic hypoxia, HH), or no intervention was made (sham). In the IH group (n<\/jats:italic> = 6), blood flow was lowered by stepwise hemorrhage; in the HH group (n<\/jats:italic> = 6), hydrochloric acid was instilled intratracheally. We measured cardiac output, superior mesenteric blood flow, gases, hemoglobin, and oxygen saturations in arterial blood, mixed venous blood, and mesenteric venous blood, and ileal intramucosal PCO<\/jats:sc>2<\/jats:sub> by tonometry. Systemic and intestinal oxygen transport and consumption were calculated, as was \u0394PCO<\/jats:sc>2<\/jats:sub>. After basal measurements, measurements were repeated at 30, 60, and 90 minutes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n Results<\/jats:title>\n Both progressive bleeding and hydrochloric acid aspiration provoked critical reductions in systemic and intestinal oxygen delivery and consumption. No changes occurred in the sham group. \u0394PCO<\/jats:sc>2<\/jats:sub> increased in the IH group (12 \u00b1 10 [mean \u00b1 SD] versus 40 \u00b1 13 mmHg; P<\/jats:italic> < 0.001), but remained unchanged in HH and in the sham group (13 \u00b1 6 versus 10 \u00b1 13 mmHg and 8 \u00b1 5 versus 9 \u00b1 6 mmHg; not significant).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n Discussion<\/jats:title>\n In this experimental model of hypoxic hypoxia with preserved blood flow, \u0394PCO<\/jats:sc>2<\/jats:sub> was not modified during dependence of oxygen uptake on oxygen transport. These results suggest that \u0394PCO<\/jats:sc>2<\/jats:sub> might be determined primarily by blood flow.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/cc1813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,20]],"date-time":"2002-11-20T12:08:44Z","timestamp":1037794124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Intramucosal\u2013arterial PCO\n 2 gap fails to reflect intestinal dysoxia in hypoxic hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Dubin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gast\u00f3n","family":"Murias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Estenssoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9ctor","family":"Canales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Badie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Pozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan P","family":"Sottile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Bar\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"P\u00e1lizas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Laporte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1861_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.5.8912783","volume":"154","author":"Third European Consensus Conference in Intensive Care Medicine","year":"1996","unstructured":"Third European Consensus Conference in Intensive Care Medicine: Tissue hypoxia: how to detect, how to correct, how to prevent?\n Am JRespir Crit Care Med 1996, 154: 1573-1578.","journal-title":"Am JRespir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1861_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.56.4.1065","volume":"56","author":"CM Grum","year":"1984","unstructured":"Grum CM, Fiddian-Green RG, Pittenger GL, Grant BJ, Rothman ED, Dantzker DR: Adequacy of tissue oxygenation in intact dog intestine.\n J Appl Physiol 1984, 56: 1065-1069.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1861_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199108000-00011","volume":"19","author":"GR Doglio","year":"1991","unstructured":"Doglio GR, Pusajo JF, Egurrola MA, Bonfigli GC, Parra C, Vetere L, Hernandez MS, Fernandez S, Palizas F, Gutierrez G: Gastric mucosal pH as a prognostic index of mortality in critically ill patients.\n Crit Care Med 1991, 19: 1037-1040.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1861_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.1.225","volume":"104","author":"PE Marik","year":"1993","unstructured":"Marik PE: Gastric intramucosal pH. 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