{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:15:53Z","timestamp":1790223353736,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,3]],"date-time":"2004-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,3]],"date-time":"2004-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1078272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This report describes the case mix, outcome and activity (duration of intensive care unit [ICU] and hospital stay, inter-hospital transfer, and readmissions to the ICU) for admissions to ICUs for acute severe asthma, and investigates the effect of case mix factors on outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a high-quality clinical database (the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre [ICNARC] Case Mix Programme Database) of 129,647 admissions to 128 adult, general critical care units across England, Wales and Northern Ireland over the period 1995\u20132001.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Asthma accounted for 2152 (1.7%) admissions, and in 57% mechanical ventilation was employed during the first 24 hours in the ICU. A total of 147 (7.1%) patients died in intensive care and 199 (9.8%) died before discharge from hospital. The mean age was 43.6 years, and the ratio of women to men was 2:1. Median length of stay was 1.5 days in the ICU and 8 days in hospital. Older age, female sex, having received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) within 24 hours before admission, having suffered a neurological insult during the first 24 hours in the ICU, higher heart rate, and hypercapnia were associated with greater risk for in-hospital death after adjusting for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score. CPR before admission, neurological insult, hypoxaemia and hypercapnia were associated with receipt of mechanical ventilation after adjusting for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICU admission for asthma is relatively uncommon but remains associated with appreciable in-hospital mortality. The greatest determinant of poor hospital survival in asthma patients was receipt of CPR within 24 hours before admission to ICU. Clinical management of these patients should be directed at preventing cardiac arrest before admission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,10]],"date-time":"2004-03-10T02:21:16Z","timestamp":1078885276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Characteristics and outcome for admissions to adult, general critical care units with acute severe asthma: a secondary analysis of the ICNARC Case Mix Programme Database"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Dheeraj","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Keogh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kian Fan","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon G","family":"Ayres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Goldfrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony R","family":"Brady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Rowan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2835_CR1","first-page":"66","volume":"2","author":"JI Peters","year":"1996","unstructured":"Peters JI: Emergency treatment of asthma.\n                           Curr Opinions Pulmonary Med 1996, 2: 66-74.","journal-title":"Curr Opinions Pulmonary Med"},{"key":"2835_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1977.03280120050015","volume":"238","author":"CH Scoggin","year":"1977","unstructured":"Scoggin CH, Sahn SA, Petty TL: Status asthmaticus: a nine-year experience.\n                           JAMA 1977, 238: 1158-1162. 10.1001\/jama.238.11.1158","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2835_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(79)91165-3","volume":"66","author":"DE Westerman","year":"1979","unstructured":"Westerman DE, Benatar SR, Potgeiter PD, Ferguson AD: Identification of high risk asthmatic patient.\n                           Am J Med 1979, 66: 565-72. 10.1016\/0002-9343(79)91165-3","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2835_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.41.6.459","volume":"41","author":"AR Luksza","year":"1986","unstructured":"Luksza AR, Smith P, Coakley J, Gordon IJ, Atherton ST: Acute severe asthma treated by mechanical ventilation: 10 years experience from a district general hospital.\n                           Thorax 1986, 41: 459-463.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2835_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90096-V","volume":"89","author":"KJ Mansel","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mansel KJ, Strogner SW, Petrini MF, Norman JR: Mechanical ventilation in patients with acute severe asthma.\n                           Am J Med 1990, 89: 42-48. 10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90096-V","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2835_CR6","first-page":"391","volume":"130","author":"R Dales","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dales R, Munt P: Use of mechanical ventilation in adults with severe asthma.\n                           Can Med Assoc J 1984, 130: 391-5.","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"2835_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.55.641.161","volume":"55","author":"AK Webb","year":"1979","unstructured":"Webb AK, Bilton AH, Hansen GC: Severe bronchial asthma requiring ventilation: a review of 20 cases and advice on management.\n                           Postgrad Med J 1979, 55: 161-170.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2835_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/21.4.737","volume":"21","author":"J Crane","year":"1992","unstructured":"Crane J, Pearce N, Burgess C, Woodman K, Robson B, Beasley R: Markers of risk of asthma death or readmission in the 12 months following a hospital admission for asthma.\n                           Int J Epidemiol 1992, 21: 737-744.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2835_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.4.15930","volume":"159","author":"MO Turner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Turner MO, Noertjojo K, Vedal S, Bai T, Crump S, Fitzgerald JM: Risk factors for near-fatal asthma. A case-control study in hospitalised patients with asthma.\n                           Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999, 159: 1355-1356.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2835_CR10","first-page":"140","volume":"92","author":"A de Klerk","year":"2002","unstructured":"de Klerk A, van Schalkwyk E, Williams Z, Lee W, Bardin P: Risk factors for near-fatal asthma: a case-control study in a Western Cape teaching hospital.\n                           South African Med J 2002, 92: 140-144.","journal-title":"South African Med J"},{"key":"2835_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.95.6.1298","volume":"95","author":"PM Yellowlees","year":"1989","unstructured":"Yellowlees PM, Ruffin RE: Psychological defenses and coping styles in patients following a life-threatening attack of asthma.\n                           Chest 1989, 95: 1298-1303.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2835_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax.57.4.317","volume":"57","author":"J Kolbe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kolbe J, Fergusson W, Vamos M, Garrett J: Case-control study of severe life threatening asthma (SLTA) in adults: psychological factors.\n                           Thorax 2002, 57: 317-322. 10.1136\/thorax.57.4.317","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2835_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.1.76","volume":"146","author":"CH Marquette","year":"1992","unstructured":"Marquette CH, Saulnier F, Leroy O, Wallaert B, Chopin C, Demarcq JM, Durocher A, Tonnel AB: Long-term prognosis of near-fatal asthma. A 6-year follow-up study of 145 asthmatic patients who underwent mechanical ventilation for a near-fatal attack of asthma.\n                           Am Rev Respir Dis 1992, 146: 76-81.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"3 Part 2","key":"2835_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(87)90053-4","volume":"80","author":"R Evans III","year":"1987","unstructured":"Evans R III: Recent observations reflecting increases in mortality from asthma.\n                           J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987,80(3 Part 2):377-379. 10.1016\/0091-6749(87)90053-4","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2835_CR15","first-page":"118","volume":"19","author":"PL Rosengarten","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rosengarten PL, Tuxen DV, Dziukas L, Scheinkestel C, Merrett K, Bowes G: Circulatory arrest induced by intermittent positive pressure ventilation in a patient with acute severe asthma.\n                           Anesth Int Care 1991, 19: 118-121.","journal-title":"Anesth Int Care"},{"key":"2835_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.1.5","volume":"140","author":"DV Tuxen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tuxen DV: Detrimental effects of positive end-expiratory pressure and controlled mechanical ventilation in patients with severe airflow obstruction.\n                           Am Rev Respir Dis 1989, 140: 5-9.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2835_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198211183072119","volume":"307","author":"J Qvist","year":"1982","unstructured":"Qvist J, Anderson JB, Pemberton M, Bennike K-A: High level PEEP in severe asthma.\n                           N Engl J Med 1982, 307: 1347-1348.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2835_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.1.1","volume":"140","author":"JJ Marini","year":"1989","unstructured":"Marini JJ: Should PEEP be used in airflow obstruction?\n                           Am Rev Respir Dis 1989, 140: 1-3.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2835_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.3.877","volume":"100","author":"BD Margolis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Margolis BD, Khachikian D, Freidman Y, Garrad C: Prolonged reversible quadriparesis in mechanically ventilated patients who receive long-term infusions of vecuronium.\n                           Chest 1991, 100: 877-878.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2835_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(08)80040-6","volume":"84","author":"CD Shee","year":"1990","unstructured":"Shee CD: Risk factors for hydrocortisone myopathy in acute severe asthma.\n                           Respir Med 1990, 84: 229-233.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2835_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R99","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2834","volume":"8","author":"DA Harrison","year":"2004","unstructured":"Harrison DA, Brady AR, Rowan K: Case mix, outcome and length of stay for admissions to adult, general critical care units in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: the Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre Case Mix Programme Database.\n                           Crit Care 2004, 8: R99-R111. 10.1186\/cc2834","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2835_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/87.4.543","volume":"87","author":"JD Young","year":"2001","unstructured":"Young JD, Goldfrad C, Rowan K: Development and testing of a hierarchical method to code the reason for admission to intensive care units: the ICNARC Coding Method.\n                           Br J Anaesth 2001, 87: 543-548. 10.1093\/bja\/87.4.543","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2835_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198510000-00009","volume":"13","author":"WA Knaus","year":"1985","unstructured":"Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE: APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system.\n                           Crit Care Med 1985, 13: 818-829.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2835_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(96)90176-6","volume":"90","author":"N Awadh","year":"1996","unstructured":"Awadh N, Chu S, Grunfeld A, Simpson K, FitzGerald JM: Comparison of males and females presenting with acute asthma to the emergency department.\n                           Respir Med 1996, 90: 485-489. 10.1016\/S0954-6111(96)90176-6","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2835_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(98)90001-4","volume":"92","author":"SE Kearney","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kearney SE, Graham DR, Atherton ST: Acute severe asthma treated by mechanical ventilation: a comparison of changing characteristics over a 17 year period.\n                           Respir Med 1998, 92: 716-721. 10.1016\/S0954-6111(98)90001-4","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"2835_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e75","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.6.e75","volume":"103","author":"KM McConnochie","year":"1999","unstructured":"McConnochie KM, Russo MJ, McBride JT, Szilagyi PG, Brooks AM, Roghmann KJ: Socio-economic variation in asthma hospitalisation: excess utilisation or greater need?\n                           Pediatrics 1999, 103: e75. 10.1542\/peds.103.6.e75","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2835_CR27","first-page":"277","volume":"104","author":"LJ Horwood","year":"1991","unstructured":"Horwood LJ, Dawson KP, Mogridge N: Admission patterns of childhood acute asthma: Christchurch 1974\u201389.\n                           N Z Med J 1991, 104: 277-279.","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"2835_CR28","first-page":"185","volume":"148","author":"K Wilkins","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wilkins K, Mao Y: Trends in rates of admission to hospital and death from asthma among children and young adults in Canada during the 1980s.\n                           CMAJ 1993, 148: 185-190.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2835_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.7.537","volume":"47","author":"HR Anderson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Anderson HR, Pottier AC, Strachan DP: Asthma from birth to age 23: incidence and relation to prior and concurrent atopic disease.\n                           Thorax 1992, 47: 537-542.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2835_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3437","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03490240045034","volume":"268","author":"EM Skobeloff","year":"1992","unstructured":"Skobeloff EM, Spivey WH, St. Clair SS, Schoffstall JM: The influence of age and sex on asthma admissions.\n                           JAMA 1992, 268: 3437-3440. 10.1001\/jama.268.24.3437","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2835_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)92097-3","volume":"24","author":"AR Rubinfeld","year":"1976","unstructured":"Rubinfeld AR, Pain MCF: Perception of asthma.\n                           Lancet 1976, 24: 882-884. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)92097-3","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2835_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/138.3.535","volume":"138","author":"RD Mountain","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mountain RD, Sahn SA: Clinical features and outcome in patients with acute asthma presenting with hypercapnia.\n                           Am Rev Respir Dis 1988, 138: 535-539.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2835_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450030090038","volume":"264","author":"SS Braman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Braman SS, Kaemmerlen JT: Intensive care of status asthmaticus: a 10 year experience.\n                           JAMA 1990, 264: 366-368. 10.1001\/jama.264.3.366","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2835_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.56.6.418","volume":"56","author":"R Raine","year":"2002","unstructured":"Raine R, Goldfrad C, Rowan K, Black N: Influence of patient gender on admission to intensive care.\n                           J Epidemiol Community Health 2002, 56: 418-423. 10.1136\/jech.56.6.418","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2835_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.3.607","volume":"146","author":"TJ William","year":"1992","unstructured":"William TJ, Tuxen DV, Scheinkestel CD, Czarny D, Bowes G: Risk factors for morbidity in mechanically ventilated patients with acute severe asthma.\n                           Am Rev Respir Dis 1992, 146: 607-615.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2835_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.1.108","volume":"142","author":"JB Wasserfallen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wasserfallen JB, Schaller MD, Feihl F, Perret CH: Sudden asphyxic asthma: a distinct entity?\n                           Am Rev Respir Dis 1990, 142: 108-111.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2835_CR37","first-page":"385","volume":"129","author":"R Darioli","year":"1984","unstructured":"Darioli R, Perret C: Mechanical controlled hypoventilation in status asthmaticus.\n                           Am Rev Respir Dis 1984, 129: 385-387.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2835_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01705162","volume":"16","author":"JL Vincent","year":"1990","unstructured":"Vincent JL: European attitudes towards ethical problems in intensive care medicine: Results of an ethical questionnaire.\n                           Intensive Care Med 1990, 16: 256-264. 10.1007\/BF01705162","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2835_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6981.682","volume":"310","author":"J Bion","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bion J: Rationing intensive care: preventing critical illness is better and cheaper, than cure.\n                           BMJ 1995, 310: 682-683.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2835_CR40","volume-title":"Outcome Comparisons of Intensive Care Units in Great Britain and Ireland using the APACHE II Method. DPhil thesis","author":"KM Rowan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rowan KM: Outcome Comparisons of Intensive Care Units in Great Britain and Ireland using the APACHE II Method. DPhil thesis Oxford: University of Oxford 1992."},{"key":"2835_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199808000-00017","volume":"26","author":"DR Goldhill","year":"1998","unstructured":"Goldhill DR, Summer A: Outcome of intensive care patients in a group of British intensive care units.\n                           Crit Care Med 1998, 26: 1337-1345. 10.1097\/00003246-199808000-00017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2835_CR42","first-page":"117","volume":"23","author":"DT Wong","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wong DT, Crofts SL, Gomez M, McGuire GP, Byrick RJ: Evaluation of predictive ability of APACHE II system and hospital outcome in Canadian intensive care unit patients.\n                           Crit Care Med 1995, 23: 117-183.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2835_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.4.315","volume":"53","author":"JG Ayres","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ayres JG, Miles JF, Barnes PJ: Brittle asthma.\n                           Thorax 1998, 53: 315-321.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2835_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02325548","volume":"3","author":"A Cornil","year":"1977","unstructured":"Cornil A, De Troyer A, Thys J-P, Degaute J-P, Ectors M, De Coster A: Asthma grave et reanimation apropos de 120 observations [abstract].\n                           Intensive Care Med 1977, 3: 114. 10.1007\/BF02325548","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2835_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1980.tb03824.x","volume":"35","author":"IS Petheram","year":"1980","unstructured":"Petheram IS, Branthwaite MA: Mechanical ventilation for pulmonary disease: a six year survey.\n                           Anaesthesia 1980, 35: 467-473.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2835_CR46","first-page":"109","volume":"12","author":"PD Halttunen","year":"1980","unstructured":"Halttunen PD, Luomanmakik K, Takkunen O, Viljanen AA: Management of severe bronchial asthma in an intensive care unit.\n                           Ann Clin Res 1980, 12: 109-111.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Res"},{"key":"2835_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3109\/02770908009105684","volume":"2","author":"SN Santiago","year":"1980","unstructured":"Santiago SN, Klaustermeyer WB: Mortality in status asthmaticus: a nine-year experience in a respiratory intensive care unit.\n                           J Asthma Res 1980, 2: 75-79.","journal-title":"J Asthma Res"},{"key":"2835_CR48","first-page":"102","volume":"64","author":"JM Piccado","year":"1983","unstructured":"Piccado JM, Monteserrat JM, Roca J, Roderiguez-Roisin R, Estopa R, Xaubet A, Marin A, Vidal AA: Mechanical ventilation in severe exacerbation of asthma.\n                           Eur J Respir Dis 1983, 64: 102-107.","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis"},{"key":"2835_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.41.6.464","volume":"41","author":"B Higgins","year":"1986","unstructured":"Higgins B, Greening AP, Crompton GK: Assisted ventilation in acute severe asthma.\n                           Thorax 1986, 41: 464-467.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2835_CR50","first-page":"A398","volume":"Suppl","author":"SF Moss","year":"1990","unstructured":"Moss SF, Rudolf M, Owen R, Ind PW: Mechanical ventilation for acute severe asthma in a district general hospital in the United Kingdom in the 1980s [abstract].\n                           Am Rev Respir Dis 1990, Suppl: A398.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2835_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199101313240502","volume":"324","author":"NA Molfino","year":"1991","unstructured":"Molfino NA, Nannini LJ, Martelli AN, Slutesky AS: Respiratory arrest in near-fatal asthma.\n                           N Engl J Med 1991, 324: 285-288.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2835_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.3.891","volume":"105","author":"R Bellomo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bellomo R, McLaughlin P, Tai E, Parkin G: Asthma requiring mechanical ventilation: a low morbidity approach.\n                           Chest 1994, 105: 891-896.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2835_CR53","first-page":"238","volume":"38","author":"KH Lee","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lee KH, Tan WC, Lim TK: Severe asthma.\n                           Singapore Med J 1997, 38: 238-241.","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"2835_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199402000-00014","volume":"22","author":"C Franklin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Franklin C, Mathew J: Developing strategies to prevent inhospital cardiac arrest: Analysing responses of physicians and nurses in the hours before the event.\n                           Crit Care Med 1994, 22: 244-247.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2835_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1006\/bioo.1995.1015","volume":"23","author":"A Lee","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lee A, Bishop G, Hillman KM, Daffurn K: The medical emergency team.\n                           Anaesth Intensive Care 1995, 23: 183-186. 10.1006\/bioo.1995.1015","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"2835_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1997.003-az002.x","volume":"52","author":"CB Wallis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wallis CB, Davies HT, Shearer AJ: Why do patients die on general wards after discharge from intensive care units?\n                           Anaesthesia 1997, 52: 9-14. 10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1997.003-az002.x","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2835_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050313","volume":"23","author":"R Moreno","year":"1997","unstructured":"Moreno R, Morais P: Outcome prediction in intensive care: results of a prospective, multicentre Portuguese study.\n                           Intensive Care Med 1997, 23: 177-186. 10.1007\/s001340050313","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2835_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199610000-00006","volume":"24","author":"JE Zimmerman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zimmerman JE, Knaus WA, Wagner DP, Sun X, Hakim RB, Nystrom PO: A comparison of risks and outcome for patients with organ system failure.\n                           Crit Care Med 1996, 24: 1633-1641. 10.1097\/00003246-199610000-00006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2835_CR59","unstructured":"Participants of the Case Mix Programme[http:\/\/www.icnarc.org\/cmpParticipatingUnits.htm]"}],"container-title":["Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/cc2835.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/cc2835\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/cc2835.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T08:12:19Z","timestamp":1728288739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ccforum.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/cc2835"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,3]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2835"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc2835","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-8535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-8535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 November 2003","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2004","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2004","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2004","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"R112"}}