{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:18:30Z","timestamp":1790849910332,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,27]],"date-time":"2006-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,27]],"date-time":"2006-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted the present study to investigate the potential beneficial and adverse effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compared with bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) noninvasive ventilation in patients with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included randomized controlled studies comparing CPAP and BiPAP treatment in patients with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema from the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (2005 issue 3), and EMBASE and MEDLINE databases (1966 to 1 December 2005), without language restriction. Two reviewers reviewed the quality of the studies and independently performed data extraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven randomized controlled studies, including a total of 290 patients with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, were considered. The hospital mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32\u20131.78;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.52;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0%) and risk for requiring invasive ventilation (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.33\u20131.94;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.62;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0%) were not significantly different between patients treated with CPAP and those treated with BiPAP. Stratifying studies that used either fixed or titrated pressure during BiPAP treatment and studies involving patients with or without hypercapnia did not change the results. The duration of noninvasive ventilation required until the pulmonary oedema resolved (weighted mean difference [WMD] in hours = 3.65, 95% CI -12.12 to +19.43;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.65,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0%) and length of hospital stay (WMD in days = -0.04, 95% CI -2.57 to +2.48;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.97,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 0%) were also not significantly different between the two groups. Based on the limited data available, there was an insignificant trend toward an increase in new onset acute myocardial infarction in patients treated with BiPAP (RR 2.10, 95% CI 0.91\u20134.84;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.08;\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 25.3%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BiPAP does not offer any significant clinical benefits over CPAP in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Until a large randomized controlled trial shows significant clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness of BiPAP versus CPAP in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, the choice of modality will depend mainly on the equipment available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4861","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,6]],"date-time":"2006-04-06T09:31:09Z","timestamp":1144315869000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["A comparison of continuous and bi-level positive airway pressure non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kwok M","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4392_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(00)90059-7","volume":"18","author":"JM Kosowsky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kosowsky JM, Storrow AB, Carleton SC: Continuous and bilevel positive airway pressure in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.\n                           Am J Emerg Med 2000, 18: 91-95. 10.1016\/S0735-6757(00)90059-7","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"4392_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2183-y","volume":"30","author":"E L'Her","year":"2004","unstructured":"L'Her E, Duquesne F, Girou E, de Rosiere XD, Le Conte P, Renault S, Allamy JP, Boles JM: Noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure in elderly cardiogenic pulmonary edema patients.\n                           Intensive Care Med 2004, 30: 882-888. 10.1007\/s00134-004-2183-y","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"4392_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.5.1379","volume":"107","author":"M Lin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lin M, Yang YF, Chiang HT, Chang MS, Chiang BN, Cheitlin MD: Reappraisal of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Short-term results and long-term follow-up.\n                           Chest 1995, 107: 1379-1386.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4392_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199112263252601","volume":"325","author":"AD Bersten","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bersten AD, Holt AW, Vedig AE, Skowronski GA, Baggoley CJ: Treatment of severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema with continuous positive airway pressure delivered by face mask.\n                           N Engl J Med 1991, 325: 1825-1830.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4392_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2004.031229","volume":"81","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Jindal SK: Non-invasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.\n                           Postgrad Med J 2005, 81: 637-643. 10.1136\/pgmj.2004.031229","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"4392_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200211000-00009","volume":"30","author":"K Chadda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chadda K, Annane D, Hart N, Gajdos P, Rapael JC, Lofaso F: Cardiac and respiratory effects of continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiac pulmonary edema.\n                           Crit Care Med 2002, 30: 2457-2461. 10.1097\/00003246-200211000-00009","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4392_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03492-9","volume":"356","author":"J Masip","year":"2000","unstructured":"Masip J, Betbese AJ, Paez J, Vecilla F, Canizares R, Padro J, Paz MA, de Otero J, Ballus J: Non-invasive pressure support ventilation versus conventional oxygen therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a randomised trial.\n                           Lancet 2000, 356: 2126-2132. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03492-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4392_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200211-1270OC","volume":"168","author":"S Nava","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nava S, Carbone G, DiBattista N, Bellone A, Baiardi P, Cosentini R, Marenco M, Giostra F, Borasi G, Groff P: Noninvasive ventilation in cardiogenic pulmonary edema: a multicenter randomized trial.\n                           Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003, 168: 1432-1437. 10.1164\/rccm.200211-1270OC","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4392_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199704000-00011","volume":"25","author":"S Mehta","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mehta S, Jay GD, Woolard RH, Hipona RA, Connolly EM, Cimini DM, Drinkwine JH, Hill NS: Randomized, prospective trial of bilevel versus continuous positive airway pressure in acute pulmonary edema.\n                           Crit Care Med 1997, 25: 620-628. 10.1097\/00003246-199704000-00011","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4392_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","volume":"17","author":"AR Jadad","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJ, Gavaghan DJ, McQuay HJ: Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?\n                           Control Clin Trials 1996, 17: 1-12. 10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"4392_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7382.219","volume":"326","author":"DG Altman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Altman DG, Bland JM: Interaction revisited: the difference between two estimates.\n                           BMJ 2003, 326: 219. 10.1136\/bmj.326.7382.219","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4392_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG: Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses.\n                           BMJ 2003, 327: 557-560. 10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4392_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1922-9","volume":"29","author":"J Masip","year":"2003","unstructured":"Masip J, Paez J, Merino M, Parejo S, Vecilla F, Riera C, Rios A, Sabater J, Ballus J, Padro J: Risk factors for intubation as a guide for noninvasive ventilation in patients with severe acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.\n                           Intensive Care Med 2003, 29: 1921-1928. 10.1007\/s00134-003-1922-9","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"4392_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1590\/S0066-782X2001000300005","volume":"76","author":"M Park","year":"2001","unstructured":"Park M, Lorenzi-Filho G, Feltrim MI, Viecili PR, Sangean MC, Volpe M, Leite PF, Mansur AJ: Oxygen therapy, continuous positive airway pressure, or noninvasive bilevel positive pressure ventilation in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.\n                           Arq Bras Cardiol 2001, 76: 221-230. 10.1590\/S0066-782X2001000300005","journal-title":"Arq Bras Cardiol"},{"key":"4392_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000147770.20400.10","volume":"32","author":"M Park","year":"2004","unstructured":"Park M, Sangean MC, Volpe Mde S, Feltrim MI, Nozawa E, Leite PF, Passos Amato MB, Lorenzi-Filho G: Randomized, prospective trial of oxygen, continuous positive airway pressure, and bilevel positive airway pressure by face mask in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.\n                           Crit Care Med 2004, 32: 2407-2415. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000147770.20400.10","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4392_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.20.6.531","volume":"20","author":"AM Cross","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cross AM, Cameron P, Kierce M, Ragg M, Kelly AM: Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure: a randomised comparison of continuous positive airway pressure and bi-level positive airway pressure.\n                           Emerg Med J 2003, 20: 531-534. 10.1136\/emj.20.6.531","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"4392_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-2649-6","volume":"31","author":"A Bellone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bellone A, Vettorello M, Monari A, Cortellaro F, Coen D: Noninvasive pressure support ventilation vs. continuous positive airway pressure in acute hypercapnic pulmonary edema.\n                           Intensive Care Med 2005, 31: 807-811. 10.1007\/s00134-005-2649-6","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"4392_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000139694.47326.B6","volume":"32","author":"A Bellone","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bellone A, Monari A, Cortellaro F, Vettorello M, Arlati S, Coen D: Myocardial infarction rate in acute pulmonary edema: noninvasive pressure support ventilation versus continuous positive airway pressure.\n                           Crit Care Med 2004, 32: 1860-1865. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000139694.47326.B6","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4392_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2003.005413","volume":"21","author":"SD Crane","year":"2004","unstructured":"Crane SD, Elliott MW, Gilligan P, Richards K, Gray AJ: Randomised controlled comparison of continuous positive airways pressure, bilevel non-invasive ventilation, and standard treatment in emergency department patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.\n                           Emerg Med J 2004, 21: 155-161. 10.1136\/emj.2003.005413","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"4392_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1159\/000029355","volume":"66","author":"FF Philip-Joet","year":"1999","unstructured":"Philip-Joet FF, Paganelli FF, Dutau HL, Saadjian AY: Hemodynamic effects of bilevel nasal positive airway pressure ventilation in patients with heart failure.\n                           Respiration 1999, 66: 136-143. 10.1159\/000029355","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"4392_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00785-3","volume":"36","author":"A Sharon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sharon A, Shpirer I, Kaluski E, Moshkovitz Y, Milovanov O, Polak R, Blatt A, Simovitz A, Shaham O, Faigenberg Z, et al.: High-dose intravenous isosorbide-dinitrate is safer and better than Bi-PAP ventilation combined with conventional treatment for severe pulmonary edema.\n                           J Am Coll Cardiol 2000, 36: 832-837. 10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00785-3","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"4392_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(01)00385-7","volume":"21","author":"MA Levitt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Levitt MA: A prospective, randomized trial of BiPAP in severe acute congestive heart failure.\n                           J Emerg Med 2001, 21: 363-369. 10.1016\/S0736-4679(01)00385-7","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"4392_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.4.1004","volume":"118","author":"B Acosta","year":"2000","unstructured":"Acosta B, DiBenedetto R, Rahimi A, Acosta MF, Cuadra O, Van Nguyen A, Morrow L: Hemodynamic effects of noninvasive bilevel positive airway pressure on patients with chronic congestive heart failure with systolic dysfunction.\n                           Chest 2000, 118: 1004-1009. 10.1378\/chest.118.4.1004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"4392_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050781","volume":"25","author":"B Hoffmann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hoffmann B, Welte T: The use of noninvasive pressure support ventilation for severe respiratory insufficiency due to pulmonary oedema.\n                           Intensive Care Med 1999, 25: 15-20. 10.1007\/s001340050781","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"4392_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1159\/000076675","volume":"71","author":"A Valipour","year":"2004","unstructured":"Valipour A, Cozzarini W, Burghuber OC: Non-invasive pressure support ventilation in patients with respiratory failure due to severe acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.\n                           Respiration 2004, 71: 144-151. 10.1159\/000076675","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"4392_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050782","volume":"25","author":"T Rusterholtz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rusterholtz T, Kempf J, Berton C, Gayol S, Tournoud C, Zaehringer M, Jaeger A, Sauder P: Noninvasive pressure support ventilation (NIPSV) with face mask in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema (ACPE).\n                           Intensive Care Med 1999, 25: 21-28. 10.1007\/s001340050782","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"}],"container-title":["Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/cc4861.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/cc4861\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/cc4861.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T08:52:58Z","timestamp":1728291178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ccforum.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/cc4861"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,27]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc4861","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1088429.541479","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1364-8535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-8535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 February 2006","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2006","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2006","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"R49"}}