{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T22:01:30Z","timestamp":1791151290198,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]],"date-time":"2007-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]],"date-time":"2007-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Air-space enlargement may result from mechanical ventilation and\/or lung infection. The aim of this study was to assess how mechanical ventilation and lung infection influence the genesis of bronchiolar and alveolar distention.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Four groups of piglets were studied: non-ventilated-non-inoculated (controls, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5), non-ventilated-inoculated (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6), ventilated-non-inoculated (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 6), and ventilated-inoculated (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8) piglets. The respiratory tract of intubated piglets was inoculated with a highly concentrated solution of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. Mechanical ventilation was maintained during 60 hours with a tidal volume of 15 ml\/kg and zero positive end-expiratory pressure. After sacrifice by exsanguination, lungs were fixed for histological and lung morphometry analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Lung infection was present in all inoculated piglets and in five of the six ventilated-non-inoculated piglets. Mean alveolar and mean bronchiolar areas, measured using an analyzer computer system connected through a high-resolution color camera to an optical microscope, were significantly increased in non-ventilated-inoculated animals (+16% and +11%, respectively, compared to controls), in ventilated-non-inoculated animals (+49% and +49%, respectively, compared to controls), and in ventilated-inoculated animals (+95% and +118%, respectively, compared to controls). Mean alveolar and mean bronchiolar areas significantly correlated with the extension of lung infection (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic> = 0.50, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01 and <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic> = 0.67, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Lung infection induces bronchiolar and alveolar distention. Mechanical ventilation induces secondary lung infection and is associated with further air-space enlargement. The combination of primary lung infection and mechanical ventilation markedly increases air-space enlargement, the degree of which depends on the severity and extension of lung infection.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,22]],"date-time":"2007-02-22T23:57:46Z","timestamp":1172188666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Mechanical ventilation and lung infection in the genesis of air-space enlargement"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Sartorius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Tonnellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Lenaour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Jacques","family":"Rouby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"5200_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1983.127.1.117","volume":"127","author":"A Churg","year":"1983","unstructured":"Churg A, Golden J, Fligiel S, Hogg JC: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the adult.\n                           Am Rev Respir Dis 1983, 127: 117-120.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"5200_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01724877","volume":"19","author":"JJ Rouby","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rouby JJ, Lherm T, Martin de Lassale E, Poete P, Bodin L, Finet JF, Callard P, Viars P: Histologic aspects of pulmonary barotrauma in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure.\n                           Intensive Care Med 1993, 19: 383-389. 10.1007\/BF01724877","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"5200_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X9602400511","volume":"24","author":"S Finfer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Finfer S, Rocker G: Alveolar overdistension is an important mechanism of persistent lung damage following severe protracted ARDS.\n                           Anaesth Intensive Care 1996, 24: 569-573.","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"5200_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(98)80055-X","volume":"53","author":"SJ Howling","year":"1998","unstructured":"Howling SJ, Evans TW, Hansell DM: The significance of bronchial dilatation on CT in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome.\n                           Clin Radiol 1998, 53: 105-109. 10.1016\/S0009-9260(98)80055-X","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"5200_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.210.1.r99ja2629","volume":"210","author":"SR Desai","year":"1999","unstructured":"Desai SR, Wells AU, Rubens MB, Evans TW, Hansell DM: Acute respiratory distress syndrome: CT abnormalities at long-term follow-up.\n                           Radiology 1999, 210: 29-35.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"5200_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.5.1159","volume":"137","author":"D Dreyfuss","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dreyfuss D, Soler P, Basset G, Saumon G: High inflation pressure pulmonary edema. 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