{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:43:53Z","timestamp":1791081833741,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,15]],"date-time":"2008-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1218758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,15]],"date-time":"2008-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1218758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Major blood loss can often be life-threatening and is most commonly encountered in the settings of surgery and trauma. Patients receiving anticoagulant therapy are also at increased risk of bleeding. We investigated the use of a prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC; Beriplex P\/N, CSL Behring, Marburg, Germany) to treat severe bleeding in a variety of settings: cardiac surgery, warfarin therapy and other surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Thirty consecutive patients who had received PCC were identified from blood transfusion records. For cardiac surgery and warfarin reversal, PCC was administered in accordance with hospital protocols. PCC was administered to cardiac and other surgical patients responding poorly to recognized blood products, whereas it was administered first-line to patients with life-threatening bleeds and requiring warfarin reversal, in accordance with British Committee for Standards in Haematology guidelines. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patient records in order to ascertain PCC dose, use of other blood products and response to PCC (clotting screen results before and after PCC administration, haemostasis achievement, and survival).<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Six patients (20%) were excluded because of inadequate documentation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5) or acquired haemophilia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 1). Therefore, 24 patients were included in the analysis: coronary artery bypass graft (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5), mitral\/aortic valve replacement (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2), other surgery (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 9) and warfarin reversal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8). Most patients (83.3%) received no more than 1500 IU of Beriplex P\/N 500. Considerable reduction in administration of other blood products was seen during the 24 hours after PCC administration. Partial or complete haemostasis was achieved in 14 out of 18 cases (77.8%). In total, 12 out of 24 patients (50%) died during the study; two-thirds of the deaths were considered unrelated to bleeding. No thrombotic complications or adverse drug reactions were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>This study emphasizes the value of PCC in reversing the effects of oral anticoagulant therapy in bleeding patients. It also demonstrates the potential value of PCC in controlling bleeding in patients undergoing cardiac and other surgical procedures. The use of PCC in bleeding patients without hereditary or anticoagulation-related coagulopathy is novel, and further investigation is warranted. In the future, it may be possible to use PCC as a substitute for fresh frozen plasma in this setting; adequate documentation is crucial for all blood products.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,15]],"date-time":"2008-08-15T18:13:00Z","timestamp":1218823980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":132,"title":["Prothrombin complex concentrate (Beriplex P\/N) in severe bleeding: experience in a large tertiary hospital"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Bruce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim JC","family":"Nokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"6420_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra067742","volume":"356","author":"PM Mannucci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mannucci PM, Levi M: Prevention and treatment of major blood loss.\n                           N Engl J Med 2007, 356: 2301-11. 10.1056\/NEJMra067742","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"6420_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R17","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5686","volume":"11","author":"DR Spahn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Spahn DR, Cerny V, Coats TJ, Duranteau J, Fernandez-Mondejar E, Gordini G, Stahel PF, Hunt BJ, Komadina R, Neugebauer E, Ozier Y, Riddez L, Schultz A, Vincent JL, Rossaint R: Management of bleeding following major trauma: a European guideline.\n                           Crit Care 2007, 11: R17. 10.1186\/cc5686","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"6420_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06355.x","volume":"135","author":"D Stainsby","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stainsby D, MacLennan S, Thomas D, Isaac J, Hamilton PJ: Guidelines on the management of massive blood loss.\n                           Br J Haematol 2006, 135: 634-41. 10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06355.x","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"6420_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.21046","volume":"83","author":"CA Leissinger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leissinger CA, Blatt PM, Hoots WK, Ewenstein B: Role of prothrombin complex concentrates in reversing warfarin anticoagulation: A review of the literature.\n                           Am J Hematol 2008, 83: 137-43. 10.1002\/ajh.21046","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"key":"6420_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.204S","volume":"126","author":"J Ansell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ansell J, Hirsh J, Poller L, Bussey H, Jacobson A, Hylek E: The pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy.\n                           Chest 2004, 126: 204S-33S. 10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.204S","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"6420_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-960X(98)90020-0","volume":"12","author":"T Baglin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Baglin T: Management of warfarin (coumarin) overdose.\n                           Blood Rev 1998, 12: 91-8. 10.1016\/S0268-960X(98)90020-0","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"6420_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05856.x","volume":"132","author":"TP Baglin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baglin TP, Keeling DM, Watson HG: Guidelines on oral anticoagulation (warfarin): third edition \u2013 2005 update.\n                           Br J Haematol 2006, 132: 277-85. 10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2005.05856.x","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"6420_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1159\/000094831","volume":"22","author":"T Steiner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Steiner T, Kaste M, Forsting M, Mendelow D, Kwiecinski H, Szikora I, Juvela S, Marchel A, Chapot R, Cognard C, Unterberg A, Hacke W: Recommendations for the management of intracranial haemorrhage \u2013 part I: spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. 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