{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:29:47Z","timestamp":1791217787728,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]],"date-time":"2009-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]],"date-time":"2009-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Delirium is a common complication in the intensive care unit. The attention of researchers has shifted from the treatment to the prevention of the syndrome necessitating the study of associated risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a multicenter study at one university hospital, two community hospitals and one private hospital, all consecutive newly admitted adult patients were screened and included when reaching a Glasgow Coma Scale greater than 10. Nurse researchers assessed the patients for delirium using the NEECHAM Confusion Scale. Risk factors covered four domains: patient characteristics, chronic pathology, acute illness and environmental factors. Odds ratios were calculated using univariate binary logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total population of 523 patients was screened for delirium. The studied factors showed some variability according to the participating hospitals. The overall delirium incidence was 30%. Age was not a significant risk factor. Intensive smoking (OR 2.04), daily use of more than three units of alcohol (OR 3.23), and living alone at home (OR 1.94), however, contributed to the development of delirium. In the domain of chronic pathology a pre-existing cognitive impairment was an important risk factor (OR 2.41). In the domain of factors related to acute illness the use of drains, tubes and catheters, acute illness scores, the use of psychoactive medication, a preceding period of sedation, coma or mechanical ventilation showed significant risk with odds ratios ranging from 1.04 to 13.66. Environmental risk factors were isolation (OR 2.89), the absence of visit (OR 3.73), the absence of visible daylight (OR 2.39), a transfer from another ward (OR 1.98), and the use of physical restraints (OR 33.84).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicenter study indicated risk factors for delirium in the intensive care unit related to patient characteristics, chronic pathology, acute illness, and the environment. Particularly among those related to the acute illness and the environment, several factors are suitable for preventive action.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/cc7892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]],"date-time":"2009-05-20T04:14:12Z","timestamp":1242792852000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":382,"title":["Risk factors for delirium in intensive care patients: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bart","family":"Van Rompaey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique M","family":"Elseviers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke J","family":"Schuurmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillie M","family":"Shortridge-Baggett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Truijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Bossaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"7324_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2008.05.008","volume":"24","author":"JR Maldonado","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maldonado JR: Delirium in the acute care setting: characteristics, diagnosis and treatment.\n                           Crit Care Clin 2008, 24: 657-722. 10.1016\/j.ccc.2008.05.008","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"key":"7324_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1H241","volume":"40","author":"H Lacasse","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lacasse H, Perreault MM, Williamson DR: Systematic review of antipsychotics for the treatment of hospital-associated delirium in medically or surgically ill patients.\n                           Ann Pharmacother 2006, 40: 1966-1973. 10.1345\/aph.1H241","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"7324_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2008.04.005","volume":"24","author":"MMJ Van Eijk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Eijk MMJ, Kesecioglu J, Slooter AJC: Intensive care delirium monitoring and standardised treatment: a complete survey of Dutch intensive care units.\n                           Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2008, 24: 218-221. 10.1016\/j.iccn.2008.04.005","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"7324_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530350034031","volume":"275","author":"SK Inouye","year":"1996","unstructured":"Inouye SK, Charpentier PA: Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons. 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