{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:35:41Z","timestamp":1790062541179,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,5]],"date-time":"2010-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1273017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,5]],"date-time":"2010-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1273017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Effects of systemic inflammation on cerebral function are not clear, as both inflammation-induced encephalopathy as well as stress-hormone mediated alertness have been described.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Experimental endotoxemia (2 ng\/kg <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) was induced in 15 subjects, whereas 10 served as controls. Cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL1-RA and IL-10), cortisol, brain specific proteins (BSP), electroencephalography (EEG) and cognitive function tests (CFTs) were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Following LPS infusion, circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and cortisol increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001). BSP changes stayed within the normal range, in which neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S100-\u03b2 changed significantly. Except in one subject with a mild encephalopathic episode, without cognitive dysfunction, endotoxemia induced no clinically relevant EEG changes. Quantitative EEG analysis showed a higher state of alertness detected by changes in the central region, and peak frequency in the occipital region. Improved CFTs during endotoxemia was found to be due to a practice effect as CFTs improved to the same extent in the reference group. Cortisol significantly correlated with a higher state of alertness detected on the EEG. Increased IL-10 and the decreased NSE both correlated with improvement of working memory and with psychomotor speed capacity. No other significant correlations between cytokines, cortisol, EEG, CFT and BSP were found.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Short-term systemic inflammation does not provoke or explain the occurrence of septic encephalopathy, but primarily results in an inflammation-mediated increase in cortisol and alertness.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>NCT00513110.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,5]],"date-time":"2010-05-05T19:37:27Z","timestamp":1273088247000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Endotoxemia-induced inflammation and the effect on the human brain"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"van den Boogaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart P","family":"Ramakers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nens","family":"van Alfen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sieberen P","family":"van der Werf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilhelmina F","family":"Fick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia W","family":"Hoedemaekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel M","family":"Verbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisette","family":"Schoonhoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes G","family":"van der Hoeven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Pickkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"8430_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710005335X","volume":"30","author":"JX Wilson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wilson JX, Young GB: Progress in clinical neurosciences: sepsis-associated encephalopathy: evolving concepts.\n                           Can J Neurol Sci 2003, 30: 98-105.","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"8430_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0622-2","volume":"33","author":"M Ebersoldt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ebersoldt M, Sharshar T, Annane D: Sepsis-associated delirium.\n                           Intensive Care Med 2007, 33: 941-950. 10.1007\/s00134-007-0622-2","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8430_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217218.51381.49","volume":"34","author":"DN Nguyen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nguyen DN, Spapen H, Su F, Schiettecatte J, Shi L, Hachimi-Idrissi S, Huyghens L: Elevated serum levels of S-100beta protein and neuron-specific enolase are associated with brain injury in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.\n                           Crit Care Med 2006, 34: 1967-1974. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217218.51381.49","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"8430_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aem201","volume":"99","author":"O Piazza","year":"2007","unstructured":"Piazza O, Russo E, Cotena S, Esposito G, Tufano R: Elevated S100B levels do not correlate with the severity of encephalopathy during sepsis.\n                           Br J Anaesth 2007, 99: 518-521. 10.1093\/bja\/aem201","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"8430_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-1591(02)00004-1","volume":"16","author":"T Pollmacher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pollmacher T, Haack M, Schuld A, Reichenberg A, Yirmiya R: Low levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines--do they affect human brain functions?\n                           Brain Behav Immun 2002, 16: 525-532. 10.1016\/S0889-1591(02)00004-1","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"8430_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1186\/cc4980","volume":"10","author":"NJ Meyer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Meyer NJ, Hall JB: Brain dysfunction in critically ill patients--the intensive care unit and beyond.\n                           Crit Care 2006, 10: 223. 10.1186\/cc4980","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8430_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1177\/09680519030090060401","volume":"9","author":"CJ Czura","year":"2003","unstructured":"Czura CJ, Friedman SG, Tracey KJ: Neural inhibition of inflammation: the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.\n                           J Endotoxin Res 2003, 9: 409-413.","journal-title":"J Endotoxin Res"},{"key":"8430_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.02.004","volume":"75","author":"ZZ Chong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chong ZZ, Li F, Maiese K: Oxidative stress in the brain: novel cellular targets that govern survival during neurodegenerative disease.\n                           Prog Neurobiol 2005, 75: 207-246. 10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.02.004","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"8430_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.06.002","volume":"42","author":"J Pleiner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pleiner J, Mittermayer F, Schaller G, Marsik C, MacAllister RJ, Wolzt M: Inflammation-induced vasoconstrictor hyporeactivity is caused by oxidative stress.\n                           J Am Coll Cardiol 2003, 42: 1656-1662. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.06.002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"8430_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn023","volume":"131","author":"S Trompet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Trompet S, de Craen AJ, Slagboom P, Shepherd J, Blauw GJ, Murphy MB, Bollen EL, Buckley BM, Ford I, Gaw A, Macfarlane PW, Packard CJ, Stott DJ, Jukema JW, Westendorp RG, PROSPER Group: Genetic variation in the interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme associates with cognitive function. The PROSPER study.\n                           Brain 2008, 131: 1069-1077. 10.1093\/brain\/awn023","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"8430_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00332-3","volume":"107","author":"B Viviani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Viviani B, Corsini E, Binaglia M, Galli CL, Marinovich M: Reactive oxygen species generated by glia are responsible for neuron death induced by human immunodeficiency virus-glycoprotein 120 in vitro.\n                           Neuroscience 2001, 107: 51-58. 10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00332-3","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"8430_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2003.12.022","volume":"149","author":"B Viviani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Viviani B, Bartesaghi S, Corsini E, Galli CL, Marinovich M: Cytokines role in neurodegenerative events.\n                           Toxicol Lett 2004, 149: 85-89. 10.1016\/j.toxlet.2003.12.022","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"key":"8430_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4263","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.83.12.4263","volume":"83","author":"F Chapotot","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chapotot F, Gronfier C, Jouny C, Muzet A, Brandenberger G: Cortisol secretion is related to electroencephalographic alertness in human subjects during daytime wakefulness.\n                           J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998, 83: 4263-4268. 10.1210\/jc.83.12.4263","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"8430_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.206306","volume":"13","author":"TW Buchanan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Buchanan TW, Tranel D, Adolphs R: Impaired memory retrieval correlates with individual differences in cortisol response but not autonomic response.\n                           Learn Mem 2006, 13: 382-387. 10.1101\/lm.206306","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"8430_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.03.005","volume":"30","author":"S Het","year":"2005","unstructured":"Het S, Ramlow G, Wolf OT: A meta-analytic review of the effects of acute cortisol administration on human memory.\n                           Psychoneuroendocrinology 2005, 30: 771-784. 10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.03.005","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"8430_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-007-9385-y","volume":"32","author":"BE Leonard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leonard BE: Inflammation, depression and dementia: are they connected?\n                           Neurochem Res 2007, 32: 1749-1756. 10.1007\/s11064-007-9385-y","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"8430_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-001-0996-8","volume":"160","author":"RH McAllister-Williams","year":"2002","unstructured":"McAllister-Williams RH, Rugg MD: Effects of repeated cortisol administration on brain potential correlates of episodic memory retrieval.\n                           Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2002, 160: 74-83. 10.1007\/s00213-001-0938-5","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"8430_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.05.038","volume":"404","author":"M Tops","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tops M, van Peer JM, Wester AE, Wijers AA, Korf J: State-dependent regulation of cortical activity by cortisol: an EEG study.\n                           Neurosci Lett 2006, 404: 39-43. 10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.05.038","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"8430_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.115.5.1002","volume":"115","author":"OT Wolf","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wolf OT, Convit A, McHugh PF, Kandil E, Thorn EL, De Santi S, McEwen BS, de Leon MJ: Cortisol differentially affects memory in young and elderly men.\n                           Behav Neurosci 2001, 115: 1002-1011. 10.1037\/0735-7044.115.5.1002","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"8430_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703825","volume":"132","author":"P Pickkers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pickkers P, Hughes AD, Russel FG, Thien T, Smits P: In vivo evidence for K(Ca) channel opening properties of acetazolamide in the human vasculature.\n                           Br J Pharmacol 2001, 132: 443-450. 10.1038\/sj.bjp.0703825","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"8430_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1161\/hq0102.101818","volume":"22","author":"J Pleiner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pleiner J, Heere-Ress E, Langenberger H, Sieder AE, Bayerle-Eder M, Mittermayer F, Fuchsj\u00e4ger-Mayrl G, B\u00f6hm J, Jansen B, Wolzt M: Adrenoceptor hyporeactivity is responsible for Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced acute vascular dysfunction in humans.\n                           Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002, 22: 95-100. 10.1161\/hq0102.101818","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"8430_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1385\/JMN:21:3:199","volume":"21","author":"O Cohen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cohen O, Reichenberg A, Perry C, Ginzberg D, Pollmacher T, Soreq H, Yirmiya R: Endotoxin-induced changes in human working and declarative memory associate with cleavage of plasma \"readthrough\" acetylcholinesterase.\n                           J Mol Neurosci 2003, 21: 199-212. 10.1385\/JMN:21:3:199","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"8430_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1086\/314717","volume":"179","author":"AF Suffredini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Suffredini AF, Hochstein HD, McMahon FG: Dose-related inflammatory effects of intravenous endotoxin in humans: evaluation of a new clinical lot of Escherichia coli O:113 endotoxin.\n                           J Infect Dis 1999, 179: 1278-1282. 10.1086\/314717","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"8430_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908033210503","volume":"321","author":"AF Suffredini","year":"1989","unstructured":"Suffredini AF, Fromm RE, Parker MM, Brenner M, Kovacs JA, Wesley RA, Parrillo JE: The cardiovascular response of normal humans to the administration of endotoxin.\n                           N Engl J Med 1989, 321: 280-287.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"8430_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.06.011","volume":"197","author":"J Pleiner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pleiner J, Schaller G, Mittermayer F, Marsik C, MacAllister RJ, Kapiotis S, Ziegler S, Ferlitsch A, Wolzt M: Intra-arterial vitamin C prevents endothelial dysfunction caused by ischemia-reperfusion.\n                           Atherosclerosis 2008, 197: 383-391. 10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2007.06.011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"8430_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4446","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-11-3338","volume":"101","author":"J Branger","year":"2003","unstructured":"Branger J, Blink B, Weijer S, Gupta A, van Deventer SJ, Hack CE, Peppelenbosch MP, Poll T: Inhibition of coagulation, fibrinolysis, and endothelial cell activation by a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor during human endotoxemia.\n                           Blood 2003, 101: 4446-4448. 10.1182\/blood-2002-11-3338","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"8430_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2005.07.004","volume":"15","author":"M Levi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Levi M, Poll T: Two-way interactions between inflammation and coagulation.\n                           Trends Cardiovasc Med 2005, 15: 254-259. 10.1016\/j.tcm.2005.07.004","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"8430_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00490206","volume":"1","author":"S Heemskerk","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heemskerk S, Pickkers P, Bouw MP, Draisma A, Hoeven JG, Peters WH, Smits P, Russel FG, Masereeuw R: Upregulation of renal inducible nitric oxide synthase during human endotoxemia and sepsis is associated with proximal tubule injury.\n                           Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006, 1: 853-862. 10.2215\/CJN.00490206","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"8430_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.08.006","volume":"52","author":"JJ Alexander","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alexander JJ, Jacob A, Cunningham P, Hensley L, Quigg RJ: TNF is a key mediator of septic encephalopathy acting through its receptor, TNF receptor-1.\n                           Neurochem Int 2008, 52: 447-456. 10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.08.006","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"8430_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2005.04.010","volume":"19","author":"KS Krabbe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Krabbe KS, Reichenberg A, Yirmiya R, Smed A, Pedersen BK, Bruunsgaard H: Low-dose endotoxemia and human neuropsychological functions.\n                           Brain Behav Immun 2005, 19: 453-460. 10.1016\/j.bbi.2005.04.010","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"8430_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.445","volume":"58","author":"A Reichenberg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reichenberg A, Yirmiya R, Schuld A, Kraus T, Haack M, Morag A, Pollm\u00e4cher T: Cytokine-associated emotional and cognitive disturbances in humans.\n                           Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001, 58: 445-452. 10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.445","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"8430_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/09680519050110050501","volume":"11","author":"MJ Dorresteijn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dorresteijn MJ, van Eijk LT, Netea MG, Smits P, Hoeven JG, Pickkers P: Iso-osmolar prehydration shifts the cytokine response towards a more anti-inflammatory balance in human endotoxemia.\n                           J Endotoxin Res 2005, 11: 287-293.","journal-title":"J Endotoxin Res"},{"key":"8430_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199201000-00016","volume":"9","author":"GB Young","year":"1992","unstructured":"Young GB, Bolton CF, Archibald YM, Austin TW, Wells GA: The electroencephalogram in sepsis-associated encephalopathy.\n                           J Clin Neurophysiol 1992, 9: 145-152. 10.1097\/00004691-199201000-00016","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"8430_CR34","volume-title":"STAI manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory: self evaluation questionnaire","author":"CD Spiegelberger","year":"1970","unstructured":"Spiegelberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene RE: STAI manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory: self evaluation questionnaire. Palo Alto (CA): Consulting Psychologist Press; 1970."},{"key":"8430_CR35","volume-title":"Instruction manual for the Adult Neuropsychology Test Battery","author":"CG Matthews","year":"1964","unstructured":"Matthews CG, Klove H: Instruction manual for the Adult Neuropsychology Test Battery. University of Wisonsin Medical School: Madison, WI; 1964."},{"key":"8430_CR36","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III - Nederlandstalige Bewerking (WAIS-III NL\/V)","author":"JMr Uterwijk","year":"2000","unstructured":"Uterwijk JMr: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III - Nederlandstalige Bewerking (WAIS-III NL\/V). Lisse: Swets Test Publishers; 2000."},{"key":"8430_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1977.44.2.367","volume":"44","author":"DM Gronwall","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gronwall DM: Paced auditory serial-addition task: a measure of recovery from concussion.\n                           Percept Mot Skills 1977, 44: 367-373.","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"key":"8430_CR38","volume-title":"Stroop colour and word test","author":"CJ Golden","year":"1978","unstructured":"Golden CJ: Stroop colour and word test. Stoelting Co. Wood Dale (IL): Stoelting Co; 1978."},{"key":"8430_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000190827.36406.6e","volume":"24","author":"P Pickkers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pickkers P, Sprong T, Eijk L, Hoeven H, Smits P, Deuren M: Vascular endothelial growth factor is increased during the first 48 hours of human septic shock and correlates with vascular permeability.\n                           Shock 2005, 24: 508-512. 10.1097\/01.shk.0000190827.36406.6e","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"8430_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.2.333-338.2001","volume":"8","author":"KS Krabbe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Krabbe KS, Bruunsgaard H, Hansen CM, Moller K, Fonsmark L, Qvist J, Madsen PL, Kronborg G, Andersen HO, Skinh\u00f8j P, Pedersen BK: Ageing is associated with a prolonged fever response in human endotoxemia.\n                           Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2001, 8: 333-338.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"8430_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-007-0226-x","volume":"85","author":"K Ofek","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ofek K, Krabbe KS, Evron T, Debecco M, Nielsen AR, Brunnsgaad H, Yirmiya R, Soreq H, Pedersen BK: Cholinergic status modulations in human volunteers under acute inflammation.\n                           J Mol Med 2007, 85: 1239-1251. 10.1007\/s00109-007-0226-x","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"key":"8430_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066609340519","volume":"24","author":"MW Dunser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dunser MW, Hasibeder WR: Sympathetic overstimulation during critical illness: adverse effects of adrenergic stress.\n                           J Intensive Care Med 2009, 24: 293-316. 10.1177\/0885066609340519","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"8430_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2005.01.016","volume":"34","author":"I Bourdeau","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bourdeau I, Bard C, Forget H, Boulanger Y, Cohen H, Lacroix A: Cognitive function and cerebral assessment in patients who have Cushing's syndrome.\n                           Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2005, 34: 357-369. 10.1016\/j.ecl.2005.01.016","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"8430_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540310015935","volume":"35","author":"JM Cavaillon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cavaillon JM, dib-Conquy M, Fitting C, Adrie C, Payen D: Cytokine cascade in sepsis.\n                           Scand J Infect Dis 2003, 35: 535-544. 10.1080\/00365540310015935","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"8430_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R157","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3050","volume":"9","author":"LT van Eijk","year":"2005","unstructured":"van Eijk LT, Pickkers P, Smits P, van den BW, Bouw MP, Hoeven JG: Microvascular permeability during experimental human endotoxemia: an open intervention study.\n                           Crit Care 2005, 9: R157-R164. 10.1186\/cc3050","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"8430_CR46","first-page":"593","volume":"244","author":"B Ramlawi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ramlawi B, Rudolph JL, Mieno S, Khabbaz K, Sodha NR, Boodhwani M, Levkoff SE, Marcantonio ER, Sellke FW: Serologic markers of brain injury and cognitive function after cardiopulmonary bypass.\n                           Ann Surg 2006, 244: 593-601.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"}],"container-title":["Critical Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/cc9001.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/cc9001\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/cc9001.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:11:27Z","timestamp":1728303087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ccforum.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/cc9001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,5]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["8430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc9001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1364-8535"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1364-8535","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 October 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2010","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2010","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2010","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"R81"}}