{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T22:40:56Z","timestamp":1791067256963,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,21]],"date-time":"2011-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1295568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,21]],"date-time":"2011-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1295568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Crit Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) attenuates the glycaemic response to small intestinal nutrient infusion in stress-induced hyperglycaemia and reduces fasting glucose concentrations in critically ill patients with type-2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute administration of GLP-1 on the glycaemic response to small intestinal nutrient infusion in critically ill patients with pre-existing type-2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Eleven critically ill mechanically-ventilated patients with known type-2 diabetes received intravenous infusions of GLP-1 (1.2 pmol\/kg\/minute) and placebo from t = 0 to 270 minutes on separate days in randomised double-blind fashion. Between t = 30 to 270 minutes a liquid nutrient was infused intraduodenally at a rate of 1 kcal\/min via a naso-enteric catheter. Blood glucose, serum insulin and C-peptide, and plasma glucagon were measured. Data are mean \u00b1 SEM.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>GLP-1 attenuated the overall glycaemic response to nutrient (blood glucose AUC<jats:sub>30-270 min<\/jats:sub>: GLP-1 2,244 \u00b1 184 vs. placebo 2,679 \u00b1 233 mmol\/l\/minute; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). Blood glucose was maintained at &lt; 10 mmol\/l in 6\/11 patients when receiving GLP-1 and 4\/11 with placebo. GLP-1 increased serum insulin at 270 minutes (GLP-1: 23.4 \u00b1 6.7 vs. placebo: 16.4 \u00b1 5.5 mU\/l; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), but had no effect on the change in plasma glucagon.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Exogenous GLP-1 in a dose of 1.2 pmol\/kg\/minute attenuates the glycaemic response to small intestinal nutrient in critically ill patients with type-2 diabetes. Given the modest magnitude of the reduction in glycaemia the effects of GLP-1 at higher doses and\/or when administered in combination with insulin, warrant evaluation in this group.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>ANZCTR:<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.anzctr.org.au\/ACTRN12610000185066.aspx\">ACTRN12610000185066<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,21]],"date-time":"2011-01-21T19:16:49Z","timestamp":1295637409000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 attenuates the glycaemic response to postpyloric nutrient infusion in critically ill patients with type-2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Adam M","family":"Deane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Summers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony V","family":"Zaknic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne J","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert JL","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna E","family":"Di Bartolomeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith M","family":"Wishart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"8722_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810625","volume":"360","author":"S Finfer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, Blair D, Foster D, Dhingra V, Bellomo R, Cook D, Dodek P, Henderson WR, H\u00e9bert PC, Heritier S, Heyland DK, McArthur C, McDonald E, Mitchell I, Myburgh JA, Norton R, Potter J, Robinson BG, Ronco JJ: Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients.\n                           N Engl J Med 2009, 360: 1283-1297. 10.1056\/NEJMoa0810625","journal-title":"N Engl J 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