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The underlying cellular basis for these adverse effects is poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>We found that three mainstream chemotherapeutic agents \u2013 carmustine (BCNU), cisplatin, and cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine), representing two DNA cross-linking agents and an antimetabolite, respectively \u2013 applied at clinically relevant exposure levels to cultured cells are more toxic for the progenitor cells of the CNS and for nondividing oligodendrocytes than they are for multiple cancer cell lines. Enhancement of cell death and suppression of cell division were seen <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. When administered systemically in mice, these chemotherapeutic agents were associated with increased cell death and decreased cell division in the subventricular zone, in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and in the corpus callosum of the CNS. In some cases, cell division was reduced, and cell death increased, for weeks after drug administration ended.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Identifying neural populations at risk during any cancer treatment is of great importance in developing means of reducing neurotoxicity and preserving quality of life in long-term survivors. Thus, as well as providing possible explanations for the adverse neurological effects of systemic chemotherapy, the strong correlations between our <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> analyses indicate that the same approaches we used to identify the reported toxicities can also provide rapid <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> screens for analyzing new therapies and discovering means of achieving selective protection or targeted killing.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/jbiol50","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,24]],"date-time":"2006-11-24T19:15:26Z","timestamp":1164395726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":416,"title":["CNS progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes are targets of chemotherapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Joerg","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruolan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Mayer-Pr\u00f6schel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Noble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"87_CR1","first-page":"217","volume":"19","author":"MS Brown","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brown MS, Stemmer SM, Simon JH, Stears JC, Jones RB, Cagnoni PJ, Sheeder JL: White matter disease induced by high-dose chemotherapy: longitudinal study with MR imaging and proton spectroscopy. 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