{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:34:58Z","timestamp":1790897698571,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81800239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81800239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004829","name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YJ0210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YJ0210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004829","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>It is known that increased gastrin concentration is negatively correlated with cardiovascular mortality, and plasma gastrin levels are increased in patients after myocardial infarction (MI). However, whether gastrin can play a protective role in MI remains unknown.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Adult C57BL\/6 mice were subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and subcutaneous infusion of gastrin (120\u00a0\u03bcg\/Kg body weight\/day, 100\u00a0\u03bcL in the pump) for 28\u00a0days after MI. Plasma gastrin concentrations were measured through an ELISA detection kit. Mice were analyzed by echocardiography after surgery. CD31 and VEGF expression were quantified using immunofluorescence staining or\/and western blot to assess the angiogenesis in peri-infarct myocardium. Capillary-like tube formation and cell migration assays were performed to detect gastrin-induced angiogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We found that gastrin administration significantly ameliorated MI-induced cardiac dysfunction and reduced fibrosis at 28\u00a0days in post-MI hearts. Additionally, gastrin treatment significantly decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased angiogenesis in the infarct border zone without influencing cardiomyocyte proliferation. In vitro results revealed that gastrin up-regulated the PI3K\/Akt\/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway and promoted migration and tube formation of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>R) mediated the protective effect of gastrin since the CCK<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>R blocker CI988 attenuated the gastrin-mediated angiogenesis and cardiac function protection.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our data revealed that gastrin promoted angiogenesis and improved cardiac function in post-MI mice, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target candidate.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-021-00352-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T08:08:25Z","timestamp":1629360505000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Gastrin exerts a protective effect against myocardial infarction via promoting angiogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7500-125X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinjuan","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanjuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7969-935X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongchuan","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8912-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"352_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjc.2018.11.008","volume":"60","author":"E Andrikou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrikou E, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists and cardiovascular outcome trials: an update. Hellenic J Cardiol. 2019;60:347\u201351.","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol"},{"key":"352_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.021","volume":"176","author":"RS Apte","year":"2019","unstructured":"Apte RS, Chen DS, Ferrara N. VEGF in signaling and disease: beyond discovery and development. Cell. 2019;176:1248\u201364.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"352_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25001","volume":"126","author":"C Bertrand","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bertrand C, et al. A gastrin precursor, gastrin-gly, upregulates VEGF expression in colonic epithelial cells through an HIF-1-independent mechanism. Int J Cancer. 2010;126:2847\u201357.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"352_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12890","volume":"286","author":"A Bonaventura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bonaventura A, Carbone S, Dixon DL, Abbate A, Montecucco F. Pharmacologic strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus on SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. J Intern Med. 2019;286:16\u201331.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"352_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10144","volume":"473","author":"P Carmeliet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carmeliet P, Jain RK. Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis. Nature. 2011;473:298\u2013307.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"352_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.01094","volume":"62","author":"Y Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen Y, et al. Gastrin and D1 dopamine receptor interact to induce natriuresis and diuresis. Hypertension. 2013;62:927\u201333.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"352_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0280","volume":"66","author":"PA Clarke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clarke PA, Dickson JH, Harris JC, Grabowska A, Watson SA. Gastrin enhances the angiogenic potential of endothelial cells via modulation of heparin-binding epidermal-like growth factor. Cancer Res. 2006;66:3504\u201312.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"352_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4849","volume":"18","author":"C Cochain","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cochain C, Channon KM, Silvestre JS. Angiogenesis in the infarcted myocardium. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013;18:1100\u201313.","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"352_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.06.005","volume":"134","author":"G Cui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cui G, et al. A novel Ca (2+) current blocker promotes angiogenesis and cardiac healing after experimental myocardial infarction in mice. Pharmacol Res. 2018;134:109\u201317.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"352_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-004-1347-5","volume":"449","author":"G Dockray","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dockray G, Dimaline R, Varro A. Gastrin: old hormone, new functions. Pflugers Arch. 2005;449:344\u201355.","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"352_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.03.012","volume":"145","author":"CA Duckworth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Duckworth CA, et al. Progastrin-induced secretion of insulin-like growth factor 2 from colonic myofibroblasts stimulates colonic epithelial proliferation in mice. Gastroenterology. 2013;145:197-208 e3.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"352_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-020-00241-8","volume":"26","author":"Q Feng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng Q, et al. PTEN inhibitor improves vascular remodeling and cardiac function after myocardial infarction through PI3k\/Akt\/VEGF signaling pathway. Mol Med. 2020;26:111.","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"352_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003433","author":"J Fu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fu J, et al. Irisin lowers blood pressure by improvement of endothelial dysfunction via AMPK-Akt-eNOS-NO pathway in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.116.003433.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"352_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1981.tb06741.x","volume":"111","author":"V Gersl","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gersl V, Goiny M, Uvnas-Wallensten K. The occurrence of gastrin-17 in the heart. Acta Physiol Scand. 1981;111:307\u201310.","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"352_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.02.038","volume":"209","author":"JP Goetze","year":"2016","unstructured":"Goetze JP, Rehfeld JF, Alehagen U. Cholecystokinin in plasma predicts cardiovascular mortality in elderly females. Int J Cardiol. 2016;209:37\u201341.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"352_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00625.2010","volume":"110","author":"E Grossini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grossini E, et al. Intracoronary gastrin 17 increases cardiac perfusion and function through autonomic nervous system, CCK receptors, and nitric oxide in anesthetized pigs. J Appl Physiol. 2011;110:95\u2013108.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"352_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.11.018","volume":"350","author":"E Grossini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grossini E, et al. CCK receptors-related signaling involved in nitric oxide production caused by gastrin 17 in porcine coronary endothelial cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012;350:20\u201330.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"352_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-12-0148","volume":"50","author":"E Grossini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grossini E, et al. Calcium handling in porcine coronary endothelial cells by gastrin-17. J Mol Endocrinol. 2013;50:243\u201353.","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"352_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20201340","volume":"135","author":"D Gu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gu D, et al. Gastrin, via activation of PPARalpha, protects the kidney against hypertensive injury. Clin Sci (lond). 2021;135:409\u201327.","journal-title":"Clin Sci (lond)"},{"key":"352_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422407334082","volume":"19","author":"P Guilloteau","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guilloteau P, Le Meuth-Metzinger V, Morisset J, Zabielski R. Gastrin, cholecystokinin and gastrointestinal tract functions in mammals. Nutr Res Rev. 2006;19:254\u201383.","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"352_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858349","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/858349","volume":"2015","author":"D Han","year":"2015","unstructured":"Han D, et al. Ghrelin improves functional survival of engrafted adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in ischemic heart through PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:858349.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"key":"352_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.091603","volume":"126","author":"VC Ho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ho VC, Duan LJ, Cronin C, Liang BT, Fong GH. Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 abundance contributes to increased angiogenesis in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1-deficient mice. Circulation. 2012;126:741\u201352.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"352_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.147611","volume":"55","author":"XR Huang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Huang XR, et al. Smad3 mediates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in angiotensin II-induced hypertensive cardiac remodeling. Hypertension. 2010;55:1165\u201371.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"352_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"705","author":"L Lapidus","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lapidus L. Ischaemic heart disease, stroke and total mortality in women\u2013results from a prospective population study in Gothenburg. Sweden Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1985;705:1\u201342.","journal-title":"Sweden Acta Med Scand Suppl"},{"key":"352_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G76","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00344.2014","volume":"308","author":"M Laval","year":"2015","unstructured":"Laval M, Baldwin GS, Shulkes A, Marshall KM. Increased gastrin gene expression provides a physiological advantage to mice under hypoxic conditions. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2015;308:G76-84.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"352_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8250","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0343","volume":"10","author":"F Lefranc","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lefranc F, et al. Characterization of gastrin-induced proangiogenic effects in vivo in orthotopic U373 experimental human glioblastomas and in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2004;10:8250\u201365.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"352_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa878","volume":"42","author":"L Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li L, et al. The role of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 in cardiomyocyte injury after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2020;42:1415.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"352_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabd6740","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd6740","volume":"7","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, et al. Injectable hydrogel with MSNs\/microRNA-21-5p delivery enables both immunomodification and enhanced angiogenesis for myocardial infarction therapy in pigs. Sci Adv. 2021;7:eabd6740.","journal-title":"Sci Adv."},{"key":"352_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4559","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201801690R","volume":"33","author":"X Liang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liang X, et al. Overexpression of ERBB4 rejuvenates aged mesenchymal stem cells and enhances angiogenesis via PI3K\/AKT and MAPK\/ERK pathways. FASEB J. 2019;33:4559\u201370.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"352_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540479","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.540479","volume":"11","author":"C Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu C, et al. Gastrin attenuates renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury by a PI3K\/Akt\/Bad-mediated anti-apoptosis signaling. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:540479.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"352_CR31","first-page":"21","volume":"64","author":"HS Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu HS, Zhang J, Guo JL, Lin CY, Wang ZW. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 ameliorates the severity of myosin-induced myocarditis in mice. Curr Res Transl Med. 2016;64:21\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Res Transl Med"},{"key":"352_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy254","volume":"115","author":"K Matsumoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matsumoto K, et al. Blockade of NKG2D\/NKG2D ligand interaction attenuated cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res. 2019;115:765\u201375.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"352_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621154","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.621154","volume":"11","author":"C Peng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peng C, et al. LRIG3 suppresses angiogenesis by regulating the PI3K\/AKT\/VEGFA signaling pathway in glioma. Front Oncol. 2021;11:621154.","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"key":"352_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.08.059","volume":"323","author":"S Ramamoorthy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ramamoorthy S, Stepan V, Todisco A. Intracellular mechanisms mediating the anti-apoptotic action of gastrin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004;323:44\u20138.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"352_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050635","volume":"143","author":"M Rasanen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rasanen M, et al. VEGF-B promotes endocardium-derived coronary vessel development and cardiac regeneration. Circulation. 2021;143:65\u201377.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"352_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117955141988360","DOI":"10.1177\/1179551419883608","volume":"12","author":"JF Rehfeld","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rehfeld JF. Premises for cholecystokinin and gastrin peptides in diabetes therapy. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes. 2019;12:1179551419883608.","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes"},{"key":"352_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.2174\/156802607780960483","volume":"7","author":"JF Rehfeld","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rehfeld JF, Friis-Hansen L, Goetze JP, Hansen TV. The biology of cholecystokinin and gastrin peptides. Curr Top Med Chem. 2007;7:1154\u201365.","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"352_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1287-1","volume":"47","author":"I Rooman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rooman I, Bouwens L. Combined gastrin and epidermal growth factor treatment induces islet regeneration and restores normoglycaemia in C57Bl6\/J mice treated with alloxan. Diabetologia. 2004;47:259\u201365.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"352_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585984","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.585984","volume":"11","author":"Y Ruan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruan Y, et al. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction through PI3K\/AKT pathway in mice. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:585984.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"352_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e3182793e2e","volume":"39","author":"RS Saia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saia RS, et al. Cardiovascular and inflammatory response to cholecystokinin during endotoxemic shock. Shock. 2013;39:104\u201313.","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"352_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20140263","volume":"42","author":"J Saif","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saif J, Emanueli C. miRNAs in post-ischaemic angiogenesis and vascular remodelling. Biochem Soc Trans. 2014;42:1629\u201336.","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"352_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12970","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15892","volume":"24","author":"W Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song W, Liang Q, Cai M, Tian Z. HIF-1alpha-induced up-regulation of microRNA-126 contributes to the effectiveness of exercise training on myocardial angiogenesis in myocardial infarction rats. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24:12970\u20139.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"352_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12241","volume":"18","author":"YY Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun YY, et al. Period 2 is essential to maintain early endothelial progenitor cell function in vitro and angiogenesis after myocardial infarction in mice. J Cell Mol Med. 2014;18:907\u201318.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"352_CR44","first-page":"243","volume":"12","author":"MJ Tansey","year":"1981","unstructured":"Tansey MJ, Opie LH, Vinik A, Kennelly BM. Plasma pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin in the assessment of autonomic activity in acute myocardial infarction. Eur J Cardiol. 1981;12:243\u201359.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiol"},{"key":"352_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.103","volume":"6","author":"AM van der Laan","year":"2009","unstructured":"van der Laan AM, Piek JJ, van Royen N. Targeting angiogenesis to restore the microcirculation after reperfused MI. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2009;6:515\u201323.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"352_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1258\/000456303322326380","volume":"40","author":"A Varro","year":"2003","unstructured":"Varro A, Ardill JE. Gastrin: an analytical review. Ann Clin Biochem. 2003;40:472\u201380.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"352_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1992.tb09024.x","volume":"105","author":"XJ Xu","year":"1992","unstructured":"Xu XJ, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z, Hughes J, Horwell DC, Hokfelt T. CI988, a selective antagonist of cholecystokininB receptors, prevents morphine tolerance in the rat. Br J Pharmacol. 1992;105:591\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"352_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.005171","author":"X Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang X, et al. Gastrin protects against myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury via activation of RISK (Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase) and SAFE (Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement) pathways. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.116.005171.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"352_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(95)11570-0","volume":"191","author":"M Yasui","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yasui M, Kawasaki K. CCKB receptor activation protects CA1 neurons from ischemia-induced dysfunction in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats hippocampal slices. Neurosci Lett. 1995;191:99\u2013102.","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"352_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00112","volume":"11","author":"Q Zeng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeng Q, Ou L, Wang W, Guo DY. Gastrin, cholecystokinin, signaling, and biological activities in cellular processes. Front Endocrinol (lausanne). 2020;11:112.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (lausanne)"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-025-01256-9","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000}}],"container-title":["Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s10020-021-00352-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s10020-021-00352-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s10020-021-00352-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T10:01:47Z","timestamp":1748512907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/molmed.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s10020-021-00352-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10020-021-00352-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-1551","1528-3658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-1551","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-3658","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2025","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this article was revised: Figure 6, panels a and c2 contain the same diagram of internal control protein GAPDH. Figure 6c2 has been updated.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2025","order":7,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":8,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":9,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10020-025-01256-9","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10020-025-01256-9","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All the animal care and experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Southwest Jiaotong University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All of the authors have consented to the publication of this research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"90"}}