{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:25:01Z","timestamp":1787019901777,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Headache Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recently showed headache to be common in children (aged 7\u201311\u2009years) and adolescents (aged 12\u201317) in Lithuania. Here we provide evidence from the same study of the headache-attributable burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Following the generic protocol for\n                      <jats:italic>Lifting The Burden<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2019s global schools-based study, this cross-sectional survey administered self-completed structured questionnaires to pupils within classes in 24 nationally representative schools selected from seven regions of the country. Headache diagnostic questions were based on ICHD-3 beta criteria but for the inclusion of undifferentiated headache (UdH; defined as mild headache with usual duration &lt;\u20091\u2009h). Burden enquiry was conducted in multiple domains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Questionnaires were completed by 2505 pupils (1382 children, 1123 adolescents; participating proportion 67.4%), of whom 1858 reported headache in the preceding year, with mean frequency (\u00b1SD) of 3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5\u2009days\/4\u2009weeks and mean duration of 1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u2009h. Mean proportion of time in ictal state, estimated from these, was 0.9% (migraine 1.5%, probable medication-overuse headache [pMOH] 10.9%). Mean intensity on a scale of 1\u20133 was 1.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6 (mild-to-moderate). Symptomatic medication was consumed on 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u2009days\/4\u2009weeks. Lost school time was 0.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5\u2009days\/4\u2009weeks (migraine 0.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.5, pMOH 5.0\u2009\u00b1\u20097.8) based on recall, but about 50% higher for migraine according to actual absences recorded in association with reported headache on the preceding day. More days were reported with limited activity (overall 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20092.4, migraine 1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.2, pMOH 8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20098.5) than lost from school. One in 30 parents (3.3%) missed work at least once in 4\u2009weeks because of their son\u2019s or daughter\u2019s headache. Emotional impact and quality-of-life scores generally reflected other measures of burden, with pMOH causing greatest detriments, followed by migraine and tension-type headache, and UdH least. Burdens were greater in adolescents than children as UdH differentiated into adult headache types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Headache in children and adolescents in Lithuania is mostly associated with modest symptom burden. However, the consequential burdens, in particular lost school days, are far from negligible for migraine (which is prevalent) and very heavy for pMOH (which, while uncommon in children, becomes four-fold more prevalent in adolescents). These findings are of importance to both health and educational policies in Lithuania.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01237-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]],"date-time":"2021-04-13T09:14:14Z","timestamp":1618305254000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The burden attributable to headache disorders in children and adolescents in Lithuania: estimates from a national schools-based study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Genc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nerija","family":"Vai\u010dien\u0117-Magistris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apolinaras","family":"Zaborskis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayyar","family":"\u015ea\u015fmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aylin Yeniocak","family":"Tun\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derya","family":"Uluduz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"W\u00f6ber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c7i\u00e7ek","family":"W\u00f6ber-Bing\u00f6l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1237_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01146-x","volume":"21","author":"D Genc","year":"2020","unstructured":"Genc D, Vai\u010dien\u0117-Magistris N, Zaborskis A, \u015ea\u015fmaz T, Tun\u00e7 AY, Uluduz D, Steiner TJ (2020) The prevalence of headache disorders in children and adolescents in Lithuania: a schools-based study. 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Consent was obtained prior to inclusion from each participating child or adolescent, along with signed parental consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"TJS and DU are Directors and Trustees of <i>Lifting The Burden<\/i>. Otherwise, no author declares a conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"24"}}