{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T11:43:33Z","timestamp":1768909413066,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008272","name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Headache Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Migraine is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Erenumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that targets the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor. This study aimed to evaluate real-world evidence on the impact of erenumab on acute medication usage and health care resource utilization (HCRU) among migraine patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective effectiveness study utilized the US Optum\u2019s de-identified Clinformatics\u00ae Data Mart database to identify migraine patients initiating erenumab between May 1, 2018 and September 30, 2019. Patients had to be at least 18\u2009years old, with a minimum of three doses for erenumab in the 6-month post-index period and continuous medical\/pharmacy coverage in the 12-month pre- and 6-month post-index period. The date of the first claim for erenumab served as the index date. Use of acute medications overall and at different drug class level, and HCRU were compared during the 6-month pre- vs. post-index period. Impact of erenumab on a<jats:italic>composite endpoint of three possible events<\/jats:italic>: 1) outpatient visit with a diagnosis of migraine and an associated acute medication claim within 7\u2009days of the visit, 2) hospital admission with a primary diagnosis for migraine, or 3) emergency room visit with a primary diagnosis for migraine (any events that occurred \u22643\u2009days apart were counted only once) was also evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis included 3171 identified patients. At 6\u2009months, following initiation of erenumab, acute medication use including the number of types of acute medication, number of claims of each medication and % of patients who received acute medication, and HCRU were significantly decreased. For the composite outcome, the mean number of events decreased from 1.03 to 0.77 (rate ratio: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.71 to 0.79;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). A decrease in the proportion of patients with any of the three events was also observed (52.7% vs. 39.5%,<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective analysis, erenumab was associated with significantly reduced acute medication use and HCRU in a real-world setting, hence significantly reducing the burden of the disease. A composite endpoint could be used as a proxy to evaluate the burden of migraine attacks; however, further research is needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01238-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]],"date-time":"2021-04-19T08:05:48Z","timestamp":1618819548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Impact of erenumab on acute medication usage and health care resource utilization among migraine patients: a US claims database study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Stewart J.","family":"Tepper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juanzhi","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Vo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lujia","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Abdrabboh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mrudula","family":"Glassberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matias","family":"Ferraris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10100","key":"1238_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32154-2","volume":"390","author":"GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2017","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2017) Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 [published correction appears in Lancet. 2017 Oct;390(10106):e38]. Lancet 390(10100):1211\u20131259","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1238_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","volume":"38","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)","year":"2018","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) (2018) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia 38(1):1\u2013211","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"5","key":"1238_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13275","volume":"58","author":"M Bonafede","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bonafede M, Sapra S, Shah N, Tepper S, Cappell K, Desai P (2018) Direct and indirect healthcare resource utilization and costs among migraine patients in the United States. Headache. 58(5):700\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13275","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"4 Headache","key":"1238_CR4","first-page":"973","volume":"21","author":"SD Silberstein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silberstein SD (2015) Preventive Migraine Treatment. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 21(4 Headache):973\u2013989","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"issue":"20","key":"1238_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2309","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007497","volume":"92","author":"SJ Tepper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tepper SJ, Diener HC, Ashina M, Brandes JL, Friedman DI, Reuter U, Cheng S, Nilsen J, Leonardi DK, Lenz RA, Mikol DD (2019) Erenumab in chronic migraine with medication overuse: subgroup analysis of a randomized trial. Neurology 92(20):e2309\u2013e2320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007497","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1238_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Headache Society. The American Headache Society Position Statement On Integrating New Migraine Treatments Into Clinical Practice. Headache. 2019;59(1):1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13456. Epub 2018 Dec 10. Erratum in: Headache. 2019;59(4):650\u20131. PMID: 30536394.","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13456"},{"issue":"4","key":"1238_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001053","volume":"40","author":"S Konstantinos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Konstantinos S, Vikelis M, Rapoport A (2020) Acute care treatment of migraine. J Neuroophthalmol 40(4):472\u2013484. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001053","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1238_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13302","volume":"58","author":"U Reuter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reuter U (2018) A review of monoclonal antibody therapies and other preventative treatments in migraine. Headache. 58(Suppl 1):48\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13302","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"6","key":"1238_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2012.02185.x","volume":"52","author":"E Loder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loder E, Burch R, Rizzoli P (2012) The 2012 AHS\/AAN guidelines for prevention of episodic migraine: a summary and comparison with other recent clinical practice guidelines. Headache. 52(6):930\u2013945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2012.02185.x","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"1","key":"1238_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2014.20.1.22","volume":"20","author":"Z Hepp","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hepp Z, Bloudek LM, Varon SF (2014) Systematic review of migraine prophylaxis adherence and persistence. J Manag Care Pharm 20(1):22\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18553\/jmcp.2014.20.1.22","journal-title":"J Manag Care Pharm"},{"issue":"9","key":"1238_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13157","volume":"57","author":"JM Woolley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Woolley JM, Bonafede MM, Maiese BA, Lenz RA (2017) Migraine prophylaxis and acute treatment patterns among commercially insured patients in the United States. Headache. 57(9):1399\u20131408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13157","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"4","key":"1238_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12055","volume":"53","author":"AM Blumenfeld","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blumenfeld AM, Bloudek LM, Becker WJ, Buse DC, Varon SF, Maglinte GA, Wilcox TK, Kawata AK, Lipton RB (2013) Patterns of use and reasons for discontinuation of prophylactic medications for episodic migraine and chronic migraine: results from the second international burden of migraine study (IBMS-II). Headache. 53(4):644\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.12055","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"10","key":"1238_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.127","volume":"6","author":"TW Ho","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ho TW, Edvinsson L, Goadsby PJ (2010) CGRP and its receptors provide new insights into migraine pathophysiology. Nat Rev Neurol 6(10):573\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.127","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1238_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.115.227793","volume":"356","author":"L Shi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shi L, Lehto SG, Zhu DX, Sun H, Zhang J, Smith BP, Immke DC, Wild KD, Xu C (2016) Pharmacologic characterization of AMG 334, a potent and selective human monoclonal antibody against the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 356(1):223\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.115.227793","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"1238_CR15","unstructured":"Aimovig\u00ae (erenumab-aooe) [prescribing Information]. Amgen Inc., April 2020. Available at: https:\/\/www.pi.amgen.com\/~\/media\/amgen\/repositorysites\/pi-amgen-com\/aimovig\/aimovig_pi_hcp_english.ashx. Accessed 24 Aug 2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"1238_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30083-2","volume":"16","author":"S Tepper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tepper S, Ashina M, Reuter U, Brandes JL, Dole\u017eil D, Silberstein S, Winner P, Leonardi D, Mikol D, Lenz R (2017) Safety and efficacy of erenumab for preventive treatment of chronic migraine: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol 16(6):425\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30083-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1238_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418759786","volume":"38","author":"DW Dodick","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dodick DW, Ashina M, Brandes JL, Kudrow D, Lanteri-Minet M, Osipova V, Palmer K, Picard H, Mikol DD, Lenz RA (2018) ARISE: a phase 3 randomized trial of erenumab for episodic migraine. Cephalalgia. 38(6):1026\u20131037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102418759786","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"issue":"10161","key":"1238_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32534-0","volume":"392","author":"U Reuter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reuter U, Goadsby PJ, Lanteri-Minet M, Wen S, Hours-Zesiger P, Ferrari MD, Klatt J (2018) Efficacy and tolerability of erenumab in patients with episodic migraine in whom two-to-four previous preventive treatments were unsuccessful: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3b study. Lancet. 392(10161):2280\u20132287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32534-0","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"19","key":"1238_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2250","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007452","volume":"92","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lipton RB, Tepper SJ, Reuter U, Silberstein S, Stewart WF, Nilsen J, Leonardi DK, Desai P, Cheng S, Mikol DD, Lenz R (2019) Erenumab in chronic migraine: patient-reported outcomes in a randomized double-blind study. Neurology. 92(19):e2250\u2013e2260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007452","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"5","key":"1238_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e469","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010019","volume":"95","author":"PJ Goadsby","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goadsby PJ, Reuter U, Hallstr\u00f6m Y, Broessner G, Bonner JH, Zhang F, Wright IK, Chou DE, Klatt J, Picard H, Lenz RA, Mikol DD (2020) One-year sustained efficacy of erenumab in episodic migraine: results of the STRIVE study. Neurology. 95(5):e469\u2013e479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010019","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"22","key":"1238_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705848","volume":"377","author":"PJ Goadsby","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goadsby PJ, Reuter U, Hallstr\u00f6m Y, Broessner G, Bonner JH, Zhang F, Sapra S, Picard H, Mikol DD, Lenz RA (2017) A controlled trial of Erenumab for episodic migraine. N Engl J Med 377(22):2123\u20132132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1705848","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1238_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102418789072","volume":"38","author":"DC Buse","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buse DC, Lipton RB, Hallstr\u00f6m Y, Reuter U, Tepper SJ, Zhang F, Sapra S, Picard H, Mikol DD, Lenz RA (2018) Migraine-related disability, impact, and health-related quality of life among patients with episodic migraine receiving preventive treatment with erenumab. Cephalalgia. 38(10):1622\u20131631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102418789072","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"issue":"1","key":"1238_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01214-2","volume":"22","author":"J Talbot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Talbot J, Stuckey R, Crawford L, Weatherby S, Mullin S (2021) Improvements in pain, medication use and quality of life in onabotulinumtoxinA-resistant chronic migraine patients following erenumab treatment - real world outcomes. J Headache Pain 22(1):5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-020-01214-2","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"1238_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411410610","volume":"31","author":"KA Payne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Payne KA, Varon SF, Kawata AK, Yeomans K, Wilcox TK, Manack A, Buse DC, Lipton RB, Goadsby PJ, Blumenfeld AM (2011) The international burden of migraine study (IBMS): study design, methodology, and baseline cohort characteristics. Cephalalgia. 31(10):1116\u20131130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102411410610","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"issue":"1","key":"1238_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0946-z","volume":"19","author":"P Martelletti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martelletti P, Schwedt TJ, Lanteri-Minet M, Quintana R, Carboni V, Diener HC, Ruiz de la Torre E, Craven A, Rasmussen AV, Evans S, Laflamme AK, Fink R, Walsh D, Dumas P, Vo P (2018) My migraine voice survey: a global study of disease burden among individuals with migraine for whom preventive treatments have failed. J Headache Pain 19(1):115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-018-0946-z","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"9","key":"1238_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318297429c","volume":"53","author":"SR Austin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Austin SR, Wong YN, Uzzo RG, Beck JR, Egleston BL (2015) Why summary comorbidity measures such as the Charlson comorbidity index and Elixhauser score work. Med Care 53(9):e65\u2013e72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318297429c","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"1238_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60561-2","volume":"84","author":"DC Buse","year":"2009","unstructured":"Buse DC, Rupnow MF, Lipton RB (2009) Assessing and managing all aspects of migraine: migraine attacks, migraine-related functional impairment, common comorbidities, and quality of life. Mayo Clin Proc 84(5):422\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)60561-2","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"9","key":"1238_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413485658","volume":"33","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)","year":"2013","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) (2013) The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 33(9):629\u2013808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102413485658","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"issue":"2","key":"1238_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12026","volume":"53","author":"A Charles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Charles A (2013) The evolution of a migraine attack - a review of recent evidence. Headache. 53(2):413\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.12026","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1238_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12505_2","volume":"55","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lipton RB, Silberstein SD (2015) Episodic and chronic migraine headache: breaking down barriers to optimal treatment and prevention. Headache. 55(Suppl 2):103\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.12505_2","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"5 Suppl 3","key":"1238_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100118943","volume":"40","author":"I Worthington","year":"2013","unstructured":"Worthington I, Pringsheim T, Gawel MJ, Gladstone J, Cooper P, Dilli E, Aube M, Leroux E, Becker WJ, on behalf of the Canadian Headache Society Acute Migraine Treatment Guideline Development Group (2013) Canadian headache society guideline: acute drug therapy for migraine headache. Can J Neurol Sci 40(5 Suppl 3):S1\u2013S3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0317167100118943","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"1238_CR32","volume-title":"Atlas of headache disorders and resources in the world 2011: a collaborative project of World Health Organization and lifting the burden","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2011","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) Atlas of headache disorders and resources in the world 2011: a collaborative project of World Health Organization and lifting the burden. 2011. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mental_health\/management\/who_atlas_headache_disorders.pdf. Accessed 17 Nov 2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"1238_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2013.11.002","volume":"47","author":"FG Freitag","year":"2014","unstructured":"Freitag FG, Schloemer F (2014) Medical management of adult headache. Otolaryngol Clin N Am 47(2):221\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otc.2013.11.002","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin N Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"1238_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622315579627","volume":"6","author":"MW Weatherall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weatherall MW (2015) The diagnosis and treatment of chronic migraine. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 6(3):115\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2040622315579627","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1238_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-013-0385-0","volume":"18","author":"M Lanteri-Minet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lanteri-Minet M (2014) Economic burden and costs of chronic migraine. Curr Pain Headache Rep 18(1):385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-013-0385-0","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1238_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102416678382","volume":"37","author":"Z Hepp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hepp Z, Dodick DW, Varon SF, Chia J, Matthew N, Gillard P, Hansen RN, Devine EB (2017) Persistence and switching patterns of oral migraine prophylactic medications among patients with chronic migraine: a retrospective claims analysis. Cephalalgia. 37(5):470\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102416678382","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"issue":"3","key":"1238_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410381145","volume":"31","author":"AM Blumenfeld","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blumenfeld AM, Varon SF, Wilcox TK, Buse DC, Kawata AK, Manack A, Goadsby PJ, Lipton RB (2011) Disability, HRQoL and resource use among chronic and episodic migraineurs: results from the International Burden of Migraine Study (IBMS). Cephalalgia 31(3):301\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102410381145","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"6","key":"1238_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414547138","volume":"35","author":"Z Hepp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hepp Z, Dodick DW, Varon SF, Gillard P, Hansen RN, Devine EB (2015) Adherence to oral migraine-preventive medications among patients with chronic migraine. Cephalalgia. 35(6):478\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102414547138","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"issue":"7","key":"1238_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2012.00530.x","volume":"12","author":"A Berger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Berger A, Bloudek LM, Varon SF, Oster G (2012) Adherence with migraine prophylaxis in clinical practice. Pain Pract 12(7):541\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2012.00530.x","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"issue":"22","key":"1238_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000335946.53860.1d","volume":"71","author":"ME Bigal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bigal ME, Lipton RB (2008) Excessive acute migraine medication use and migraine progression. Neurology. 71(22):1821\u20131828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000335946.53860.1d","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"12","key":"1238_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2008.12.010","volume":"30","author":"AZ Yaldo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yaldo AZ, Wertz DA, Rupnow MF, Quimbo RM (2008) Persistence with migraine prophylactic treatment and acute migraine medication utilization in the managed care setting. Clin Ther 30(12):2452\u20132460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2008.12.010","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"1238_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.6.754","volume":"55","author":"SD Silberstein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Silberstein SD (2000) Practice parameter: evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache (an evidence-based review): report of the quality standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of neurology. Neurology. 55(6):754\u2013762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.55.6.754","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"6","key":"1238_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.01094.x","volume":"26","author":"D D'Amico","year":"2006","unstructured":"D'Amico D, Solari A, Usai S, Santoro P, Bernardoni P, Frediani F, De Marco R, Massetto N (2006) Bussone G; Progetto Cefalee Lombardia group. Improvement in quality of life and activity limitations in migraine patients after prophylaxis. A prospective longitudinal multicentre study. Cephalalgia. 26(6):691\u2013696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.01094.x","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"issue":"5","key":"1238_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-005-0233-7","volume":"6","author":"CA Bordini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bordini CA (2005) Mariano da Silva H, Garbelini RP, Teixeira SO, Speciali JG. Effect of preventive treatment on health-related quality of life in episodic migraine. J Headache Pain 6(5):387\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10194-005-0233-7","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"1238_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newman L, Huels J, Vo P, et al. Economic Burden Increased with Number of Treatment Failures in Migraine Patients - A Retrospective Claims Database Analysis in the United States. Presented at the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) 2020, Abstract S47.009","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.94.15_supplement.1485"},{"issue":"7","key":"1238_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420915167","volume":"40","author":"SC Marcus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marcus SC, Shewale AR, Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Young WB, Viswanathan HN, Doshi JA (2020) Comparison of healthcare resource utilization and costs among patients with migraine with potentially adequate and insufficient triptan response. Cephalalgia. 40(7):639\u2013649. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102420915167","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Headache and Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s10194-021-01238-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s10194-021-01238-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s10194-021-01238-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T18:03:16Z","timestamp":1724868196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s10194-021-01238-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-021-01238-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1129-2369","1129-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1129-2369","type":"print"},{"value":"1129-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2021","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The additional file to this article has been updated.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study only used existing de-identified patient records and analyses of health care claims, data do not meet the definition of human subject research, so Institutional Review Board approval and patient informed consent were not required. No identifiable private information or protected health information was provided. This study was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices (GPP) of the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE) 2016, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, and with the ethical principles laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"SJT reports grants for research (no personal compensation): Allergan, Amgen, ElectroCore, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Neurolief, Novartis, Satsuma, Zosano; Consultant and\/or Advisory Boards (honoraria): Aeon, Align Strategies, Allergan\/Abbvie, Alphasights, Amgen, Aperture Venture Partners, Aralez Pharmaceuticals Canada, Axsome Therapeutics, Becker Pharmaceutical Consulting, BioDelivery Sciences International, Biohaven, ClearView Healthcare Partners, CRG, CoolTech, Currax, Decision Resources, DeepBench, DRG, Eli Lilly, Equinox, ExpertConnect, GLG, Guidepoint Global, Healthcare Consultancy Group, Health Science Communications, HMP Communications, Impel, InteractiveForums, Krog and Partners, Lundbeck, M3 Global Research, Magellan Rx Management, Medicxi, Navigant Consulting, Neurolief, Nordic BioTech, Novartis, Pulmatrix, Reckner Healthcare, Relevale, SAI MedPartners, Satsuma, Slingshot Insights, Spherix Global Insights, Sudler and Hennessey, Synapse Medical Communications, System Analytic, Teva, Theranica, Thought Leader Select, Trinity Partners, XOC, Zosano; Salary: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, American Headache Society, Thomas Jefferson University; CME honoraria: American Academy of Neurology, American Headache Society, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Diamond Headache Clinic, Elsevier, Forefront Collaborative, Hamilton General Hospital, Ontario, Canada, Headache Cooperative of New England, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Inova, Medical Learning Institute Peerview, Medical Education Speakers Network, Miller Medical Communications, North American Center for CME, Physicians\u2019 Education Resource, Rockpointe, ScientiaCME, WebMD\/Medscape.JF, PV, AA, MF, and MG are employees and shareholders of Novartis; LZ and YS were employed by KMK Consulting Inc., at the time of this study, which received funding from Novartis to conduct this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"27"}}