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There is a paucity of evidence on the impact of migraine and other headache disorders and the cost and productivity losses in the workplace.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Employee population survey assessed prevalence, characteristics, and disability of headache disorders at a Japanese information technology company. This study was supported by the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region Office and International Headache Society.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>2458 (1963men, 495 women) out of 2494 responded to the survey that utilized ICHD-3 beta criteria. Among these, 13% (205 male\/123 female) had migraine (M), 53% (1093 male\/207 female) had tension-type headache (TTH) and 4% (61 male\/27 female) had migraine and TTH (M\/TTH). The number of days when productivity at work was reduced by half or more because of headache was significantly higher in migraine compared to TTH. The norm-based scoring of SF-12v2 was significantly lower in M\/TTH and M than TTH. The economic loss due to absenteeism for migraine was calculated to be $ 238.3US$\/year\/person for day-off and 90.2US$\/year\/person for half-day off using migraine disability assessment score (MIDAS). The economic loss due to presenteeism for migraine was calculated to be $ 375.4US$\/year\/person using MIDAS and 2217US$\/year\/person using work productivity and activity impairment questionnaire (WPAI). Furthermore, estimated cost of productivity loss associated with presenteeism using WPAI was calculated at 21.3 billion US$\/year in Japan as a whole.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed a high prevalence and disease burden among employees with migraine that is associated with substantial losses in productivity and employer cost. These results support the development and implementation of workplace programs to improve migraine management in the workplace and reduce the burden and costs associated with lost workplace productivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01243-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T08:22:32Z","timestamp":1618993352000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Disability, quality of life, productivity impairment and employer costs of migraine in the workplace"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9417-8525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumihiko","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomofumi","family":"Sone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Azuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Dodick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1243_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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It has also been approved by the WHO-WPRO ethics review committee in July 2017. Participation in this study was entirely voluntary by employees, and the company did not force them to participate in this study. The questionnaire in this study was programmed to collect only epidemiological data and not include any personal data. The data was strictly managed by a personal information manager.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article: FS reports consulting for Amgen, Eli Lilly and Otsuka. DWD reports the following conflicts within the past 12\u2009months: Consulting: AEON, Amgen, Clexio, Cerecin, Allergan, Alder, Biohaven, Linpharma, Promius, Eli Lilly, eNeura, Novartis, Impel, Theranica, WL Gore, Nocira, XoC, Zosano, Upjohn (Division of Pfizer), Pieris, Revance, Equinox. Honoraria: CME Outfitters, Curry Rockefeller Group, DeepBench, Global Access Meetings, KLJ Associates, Majallin LLC, Medlogix Communications, Miller Medical Communications, Southern Headache Society (MAHEC), WebMD Health\/Medscape, Wolters Kluwer, Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press. Research Support: Department of Defense, National Institutes of Health, Henry Jackson Foundation, Sperling Foundation, American Migraine Foundation, Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). Stock Options\/Shareholder\/Patents\/Board of Directors: Aural analytics (options), ExSano (options), Palion (options), Healint (Options), Theranica (Options), Second Opinion\/Mobile Health (Options), Epien (Options\/Board), Nocira (options), Ontologics (Options\/Board), King-Devick Technologies (Options\/Board), Precon Health (Options\/Board). Patent 17189376.1\u20131466:vTitle: Botulinum Toxin Dosage Regimen for Chronic Migraine Prophylaxis. TS, TS, MS, ST, YA and HM declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"29"}}