{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:55:50Z","timestamp":1791327350704,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644192000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644192000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013327","name":"H. Lundbeck A\/S","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Headache Pain"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Demonstrating therapeutic value from the patient perspective is important in patient-centered migraine management. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of eptinezumab, a preventive migraine treatment, on patient-reported headache impact, acute medication optimization, and perception of disease change when initiated during a migraine attack.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>RELIEF was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted between 2019 and 2020 in adults with \u22651-year history of migraine and 4\u201315 migraine days per month in the 3\u2009months prior to screening. Patients were randomized (1:1) to a 30-min infusion of eptinezumab 100\u2009mg or placebo within 1\u20136\u2009h of a qualifying migraine attack onset. The 6-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) and 6-item Migraine Treatment Optimization Questionnaire (mTOQ-6) were administered at baseline and week 4, and the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) at week 4. A post hoc analysis of these measures was conducted in patients who reported headache pain freedom at 2\u2009h after infusion start.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of 480 patients enrolled and treated, 476 completed the study and are included in this analysis. Mean baseline HIT-6 total scores indicated severe headache impact (eptinezumab, 65.1; placebo, 64.8). At week 4, the eptinezumab-treated group demonstrated clinically meaningful improvement in HIT-6 total score compared with placebo (mean change from baseline: eptinezumab, \u2212\u20098.7; placebo, \u2212\u20094.5; mean [95% CI] difference from placebo: \u2212\u20094.2 [\u2212\u20095.75, \u2212\u20092.63], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), with greater reductions in each item score vs placebo (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001 all comparisons). Change in HIT-6 total score in the subgroup with 2-h headache pain freedom was \u2212\u200913.8 for the eptinezumab group compared with \u2212\u20094.9 for the placebo group. mTOQ-6 total score mean change from baseline favored eptinezumab (change, 2.1) compared with placebo (1.2; mean [95% CI] difference: 0.9 [0.3, 1.5], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). More eptinezumab-treated patients rated PGIC as much or very much improved than placebo patients (59.3% vs 25.9%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>When administered during a migraine attack, eptinezumab significantly improved patient-reported outcomes after 4\u2009weeks compared with placebo, with particularly pronounced effects in patients reporting headache pain freedom at 2\u2009h after infusion start.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> Identifier: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT04152083\">NCT04152083<\/jats:ext-link>. November 5, 2019.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-021-01376-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T13:03:44Z","timestamp":1644239024000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Eptinezumab treatment initiated during a migraine attack is associated with meaningful improvement in patient-reported outcome measures: secondary results from the randomized controlled RELIEF study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"McAllister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Winner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Ailani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn C.","family":"Buse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Lipton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Chakhava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette Krog","family":"Josiassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Lindsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lahar","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Ettrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Cady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1376_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202","volume":"38","author":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)","year":"2018","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) (2018) The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 38(1):1\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102417738202","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"issue":"8","key":"1376_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13613","volume":"59","author":"DC Buse","year":"2019","unstructured":"Buse DC, Fanning KM, Reed ML, Murray S, Dumas PK, Adams AM et al (2019) Life with migraine: effects on relationships, career, and finances from the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes (CaMEO) study. Headache. 59(8):1286\u20131299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13613","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"5","key":"1376_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000252808.97649.21","volume":"68","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lipton RB, Bigal ME, Diamond M, Freitag F, Reed ML, Stewart WF (2007) Migraine prevalence, disease burden, and the need for preventive therapy. Neurology. 68(5):343\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000252808.97649.21","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"4","key":"1376_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2009.01369.x","volume":"49","author":"J Munakata","year":"2009","unstructured":"Munakata J, Hazard E, Serrano D, Klingman D, Rupnow MF, Tierce J et al (2009) Economic burden of transformed migraine: results from the American Migraine Prevalence and Prevention (AMPP) study 1. Headache. 49(4):498\u2013508","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"3","key":"1376_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102410381145","volume":"31","author":"AM Blumenfeld","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blumenfeld AM, Varon SF, Wilcox TK, Buse DC, Kawata AK, Manack A et al (2011) Disability, HRQoL and resource use among chronic and episodic migraineurs: results from the International Burden of Migraine Study (IBMS). Cephalalgia. 31(3):301\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102410381145","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"issue":"1","key":"1376_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0946-z","volume":"19","author":"P Martelletti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martelletti P, Schwedt TJ, Lanteri-Minet M, Quintana R, Carboni V, Diener HC et al (2018) My migraine voice survey: a global study of disease burden among individuals with migraine for whom preventive treatments have failed. J Headache Pain 19(1):115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-018-0946-z","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"5","key":"1376_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.02.013","volume":"91","author":"DC Buse","year":"2016","unstructured":"Buse DC, Scher AI, Dodick DW, Reed ML, Fanning KM, Manack Adams A et al (2016) Impact of migraine on the family: perspectives of people with migraine and their spouse\/domestic partner in the CaMEO study. Mayo Clin Proc 91(5):596\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2016.02.013","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"7","key":"1376_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.2001.041007646.x","volume":"41","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Diamond S, Diamond ML, Reed M (2001) Prevalence and burden of migraine in the United States: data from the American migraine study II. Headache. 41(7):646\u2013657","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"1","key":"1376_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-011-0233-z","volume":"16","author":"Z Katsarava","year":"2012","unstructured":"Katsarava Z, Buse DC, Manack AN, Lipton RB (2012) Defining the differences between episodic migraine and chronic migraine. Curr Pain Headache Rep 16(1):86\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-011-0233-z","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1376_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12505_2","volume":"55","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lipton RB, Silberstein SD (2015) Episodic and chronic migraine headache: breaking down barriers to optimal treatment and prevention. Headache. 55(Suppl 2):103\u2013122; quiz 123-106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.12505_2","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"3","key":"1376_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622315579627","volume":"6","author":"MW Weatherall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weatherall MW (2015) The diagnosis and treatment of chronic migraine. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 6(3):115\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2040622315579627","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"1376_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-018-0734-0","volume":"22","author":"MJ Marmura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marmura MJ (2018) Triggers, protectors, and predictors in episodic migraine. Curr Pain Headache Rep 22(12):81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-018-0734-0","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"1376_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14069","volume":"61","author":"JS McGinley","year":"2021","unstructured":"McGinley JS, Houts CR, Nishida TK, Buse DC, Lipton RB, Goadsby PJ et al (2021) Systematic review of outcomes and endpoints in preventive migraine clinical trials. Headache. 61(2):253\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14069","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"2","key":"1376_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14067","volume":"61","author":"CR Houts","year":"2021","unstructured":"Houts CR, McGinley JS, Nishida TK, Buse DC, Wirth RJ, Dodick DW et al (2021) Systematic review of outcomes and endpoints in acute migraine clinical trials. Headache. 61(2):263\u2013275 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14067","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"1376_CR15","unstructured":"VYEPTI [package insert]. Bothell: Lundbeck Seattle BioPharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"1376_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.119.264671","volume":"374","author":"LF Garcia-Martinez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garcia-Martinez LF, Raport CJ, Ojala EW, Dutzar B, Anderson K, Stewart E et al (2020) Pharmacologic characterization of ALD403, a potent neutralizing humanized monoclonal antibody against the calcitonin gene-related peptide. JPET. 374(1):93\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.119.264671","journal-title":"JPET."},{"issue":"3","key":"1376_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420905132","volume":"40","author":"M Ashina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ashina M, Saper J, Cady R, Schaeffler B, Biondi DM, Hirman J et al (2020) Eptinezumab in episodic migraine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (PROMISE-1). Cephalalgia. 40(3):241\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102420905132","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"issue":"13","key":"1376_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1365","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009169","volume":"94","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lipton RB, Goadsby PJ, Smith J, Schaeffler BA, Biondi DM, Hirman J et al (2020) Efficacy and safety of eptinezumab in patients with chronic migraine. PROMISE-2. Neurology. 94(13):e1365\u2013e1377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009169","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"23","key":"1376_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7665","volume":"325","author":"PK Winner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Winner PK, McAllister P, Chakhava G, Ailani J, Ettrup A, Krog Josiassen M et al (2021) Effects of intravenous eptinezumab vs placebo on headache pain and most bothersome symptom when initiated during a migraine attack: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 325(23):2348\u20132356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.7665","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"8","key":"1376_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026119331193","volume":"12","author":"M Kosinski","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kosinski M, Bayliss MS, Bjorner JB, Ware JE Jr, Garber WH, Batenhorst A et al (2003) A six-item short-form survey for measuring headache impact: the HIT-6. Qual Life Res 12(8):963\u2013974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1026119331193","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"1376_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01786.x","volume":"29","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lipton RB, Kolodner K, Bigal ME, Valade D, Lainez MJ, Pascual J et al (2009) Validity and reliability of the migraine-treatment optimization questionnaire. Cephalalgia. 29(7):751\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2008.01786.x","journal-title":"Cephalalgia."},{"key":"1376_CR22","unstructured":"Guy W. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute of Mental Health, Psychopharmacology Research Branch, Division of Extramural Research Programs. 1976"},{"key":"1376_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Headache Society (2019) The American Headache Society position statement on integrating new migraine treatments into clinical practice. Headache. 59(1):1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13456","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13456"},{"issue":"9","key":"1376_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13946","volume":"60","author":"CR Houts","year":"2020","unstructured":"Houts CR, Wirth RJ, McGinley JS, Cady R, Lipton RB (2020) Determining thresholds for meaningful change for the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) total and item-specific scores in chronic migraine. Headache. 60(9):2003\u20132013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13946","journal-title":"Headache."},{"key":"1376_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02668-2","volume":"30","author":"CR Houts","year":"2021","unstructured":"Houts CR, McGinley JS, Wirth RJ, Cady R, Lipton RB (2021) Reliability and validity of the 6-item Headache Impact Test in chronic migraine from the PROMISE-2 study. Qual Life Res 30:931\u2013943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-020-02668-2","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"1376_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14007","volume":"60","author":"DW Dodick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dodick DW, Gottschalk C, Cady R, Hirman J, Smith J, Snapinn S (2020) Eptinezumab demonstrated efficacy in sustained prevention of episodic and chronic migraine beginning on day 1 after dosing. Headache. 60(10):2220\u20132231 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14007","journal-title":"Headache."},{"issue":"1","key":"1376_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01186-3","volume":"21","author":"S Silberstein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silberstein S, Diamond M, Hindiyeh NA, Biondi DM, Cady R, Hirman J et al (2020) Eptinezumab for the prevention of chronic migraine: efficacy and safety through 24 weeks of treatment in the phase 3 PROMISE-2 (prevention of migraine via intravenous ALD403 safety and efficacy\u20132) study. J Headache Pain 21(1):120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-020-01186-3","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Headache and Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s10194-021-01376-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s10194-021-01376-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s10194-021-01376-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]],"date-time":"2022-02-07T13:03:58Z","timestamp":1644239038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s10194-021-01376-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1376"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-021-01376-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1129-2369","1129-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1129-2369","type":"print"},{"value":"1129-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval for each study was provided by the independent ethics committee or institutional review board of the study sites. The studies were each conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines, the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all applicable regulatory requirements. Patients provided written informed consent prior to initiation of any study procedures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"PM reported receiving personal fees and research support from Abbvie, Amgen\/Novartis, Biohaven, Lilly, Lundbeck, and Teva.PKW reported receiving consulting fees from Abbvie, Amgen, Biohaven, Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Teva; serving on speaker bureaus for Abbvie, Amgen, Biohaven, Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Teva; and receiving research support from Abbvie, Amgen, AZ, Biogen, Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Supernus, Teva.JA reported receiving clinical trial grants from Abbvie, Biohaven, Lilly, Satsuma, and Zosano; consulting fees from Abbvie, Amgen, Axsome, Biohaven, electroCore, Impel, Lilly, Lundbeck, Revance, Satsuma, Theranica, and Vorso; and speaker fees from Abbvie, Amgen, Biohaven, Impel, Lilly, Lundbeck, and Satsuma.DCB has received grant support from Amgen, the National Headache Foundation, and the FDA; has received consulting support from Allergan\/Abbvie, Amgen, Lilly, Lundbeck, and Teva; and serves on the editorial board of <i>Current Pain and Headache Reports.<\/i>RBL receives or has received, as a consultant and\/or advisory panel member, honoraria from Lundbeck Seattle BioPharmaceuticals, Allergan, American Academy of Neurology, American Headache Society, Amgen, Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, BioVision, Boston Scientific, Dr. Reddy\u2019s Laboratories, electroCore Medical, eNeura Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline, Lilly, Merck, Pernix, Pfizer, Supernus, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Trigemina, Vector, and Vedanta; received compensation from eNeura and Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, has stock or stock options in Biohaven Pharmaceuticals and Manistee; receives research support from Amgen, Migraine Research Foundation, and National Headache Foundation.GC had nothing to declare.MKJ, AL, and\u00a0AE are employees of Lundbeck or one of its subsidiary companies.LM was an employee of Lundbeck Seattle BioPharmaceuticals at the time of study. RC was an employee of Lundbeck or one of its subsidiary companies at the time of study and manuscript development.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22"}}