{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:11:24Z","timestamp":1789704684043,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110-2321-B-010-005 and 111-2321-B-A49-004 to SJ Wang, and 109-2221-E-003-MY2 and 111-2221-E-A49-038 to FJ Hsiao"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2321-B-010-005 and 111-2321-B-A49-004 to SJ Wang, and 109-2221-E-003-MY2 and 111-2221-E-A49-038 to FJ Hsiao"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["110-2321-B-010-005 and 111-2321-B-A49-004 to SJ Wang, and 109-2221-E-003-MY2 and 111-2221-E-A49-038 to FJ Hsiao"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["110-2321-B-010-005 and 111-2321-B-A49-004 to SJ Wang, and 109-2221-E-003-MY2 and 111-2221-E-A49-038 to FJ Hsiao"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112-2321-B-075-007 to SJ Wang, and 112-2221-E-A49 -012 -MY2 to FJ Hsiao"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2321-B-075-007 to SJ Wang, and 112-2221-E-A49 -012 -MY2 to FJ Hsiao"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["112-2321-B-075-007 to SJ Wang, and 112-2221-E-A49 -012 -MY2 to FJ Hsiao"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112-2321-B-075-007 to SJ Wang, and 112-2221-E-A49 -012 -MY2 to FJ Hsiao"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Headache Pain"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The present study used the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) to analyse changes in facial activities in individuals with migraine during resting conditions to determine the potential of facial expressions to convey information about pain during headache episodes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Facial activity was recorded in calm and resting conditions by using a camera for both healthy controls (HC) and patients with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM). The FACS was employed to analyse the collected facial images, and intensity scores for each of the 20 action units (AUs) representing expressions were generated. The groups and headache pain conditions were then examined for each AU.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study involved 304 participants, that is, 46 HCs, 174 patients with EM, and 84 patients with CM. Elevated headache pain levels were associated with increased lid tightener activity and reduced mouth stretch. In the CM group, moderate to severe headache attacks exhibited decreased activation in the mouth stretch, alongside increased activation in the lid tightener, nose wrinkle, and cheek raiser, compared to mild headache attacks (all corrected <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Notably, lid tightener activation was positively correlated with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) level of headache (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012). Moreover, the lip corner depressor was identified to be indicative of emotional depression severity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Facial expressions, particularly lid tightener actions, served as inherent indicators of headache intensity in individuals with migraine, even during resting conditions. This indicates that the proposed approach holds promise for providing a subjective evaluation of headaches, offering the benefits of real-time assessment and convenience for patients with migraine.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01742-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]],"date-time":"2024-03-10T23:01:28Z","timestamp":1710111688000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Decoding pain through facial expressions: a study of patients with migraine"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Wei-Ta","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Jung","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Coppola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuu-Jiun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1742_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30322-3","volume":"17","author":"LJ Stovner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stovner LJ, Nichols E, Steiner TJ, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Al-Raddadi RM, Ansha MG, Barac A, Bensenor IM, Doan LP (2018) Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol 17:954\u2013976","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1742_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32160-7","volume":"397","author":"M Ashina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashina M, Katsarava Z, Do TP, Buse DC, Pozo-Rosich P, Ozge A, Krymchantowski AV, Lebedeva ER, Ravishankar K, Yu S, Sacco S, Ashina S, Younis S, Steiner TJ, Lipton RB (2021) Migraine: epidemiology and systems of care. Lancet 397:1485\u20131495","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1742_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1204471","volume":"368","author":"TD Wager","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wager TD, Atlas LY, Lindquist MA, Roy M, Woo CW, Kross E (2013) An fMRI-based neurologic signature of physical pain. N Engl J Med 368:1388\u20131397","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1742_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.072","volume":"49","author":"A Marquand","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marquand A, Howard M, Brammer M, Chu C, Coen S, Mourao-Miranda J (2010) Quantitative prediction of subjective pain intensity from whole-brain fMRI data using Gaussian processes. Neuroimage 49:2178\u20132189","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1742_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.01.011","volume":"148","author":"MM Nickel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nickel MM, May ES, Tiemann L, Schmidt P, Postorino M, Ta Dinh S, Gross J, Ploner M (2017) Brain oscillations differentially encode noxious stimulus intensity and pain intensity. Neuroimage 148:141\u2013147","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1742_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynpai.2022.100100","volume":"12","author":"I Bassez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bassez I, Van de Steen F, Hackl S, Jahn P, Mayr A, Marinazzo D, Schulz E (2022) Investigation on how dynamic effective connectivity patterns encode the fluctuating pain intensity in chronic migraine. Neurobiol Pain 12:100100","journal-title":"Neurobiol Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417715230","volume":"38","author":"G Coppola","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coppola G, Di Renzo A, Tinelli E, Di Lorenzo C, Scapeccia M, Parisi V, Serrao M, Evangelista M, Ambrosini A, Colonnese C, Schoenen J, Pierelli F (2018) Resting state connectivity between default mode network and insula encodes acute migraine headache. Cephalalgia 38:846\u2013854","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"1742_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3569","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31039-3","volume":"13","author":"ME Hoeppli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoeppli ME, Nahman-Averbuch H, Hinkle WA, Leon E, Peugh J, Lopez-Sola M, King CD, Goldschneider KR, Coghill RC (2022) Dissociation between individual differences in self-reported pain intensity and underlying fMRI brain activation. Nat Commun 13:3569","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1742_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-020-01200-8","volume":"21","author":"FJ Hsiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hsiao FJ, Chen WT, Liu HY, Wang YF, Chen SP, Lai KL, Pan LH, Wang SJ (2020) Individual pain sensitivity is associated with resting-state cortical activities in healthy individuals but not in patients with migraine: a magnetoencephalography study. J Headache Pain 21:133","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002594","volume":"163","author":"A Mayr","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mayr A, Jahn P, Deak B, Stankewitz A, Devulapally V, Witkovsky V, Dietrich O, Schulz E (2022) Individually unique dynamics of cortical connectivity reflect the ongoing intensity of chronic pain. Pain 163:1987\u20131998","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR11","unstructured":"Craig KD, Prkachin, KM, Grunau RVE (1992) The facial expression of pain. In: Melzack DCTR, editor. Handbook of pain assessment. Guilford Press, New York"},{"key":"1742_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1037\/h0080757","volume":"15","author":"KM Prkachin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Prkachin KM, Currie NA, Craig KD (1983) Judging nonverbal expressions of pain. Can J Behav Sci 15:409\u2013421","journal-title":"Can J Behav Sci"},{"key":"1742_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(84)90019-4","volume":"19","author":"CL Vonbaeyer","year":"1984","unstructured":"Vonbaeyer CL, Johnson ME, Mcmillan MJ (1984) Consequences of nonverbal expression of pain - patient distress and observer concern. Soc Sci Med 19:1319\u20131324","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"1742_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.48.4.1089","volume":"48","author":"KD Craig","year":"1985","unstructured":"Craig KD, Patrick CJ (1985) Facial expression during induced pain. J Pers Soc Psychol 48:1080\u20131091","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"1742_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.1993.12.2.182","volume":"12","author":"KE Galin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Galin KE, Thorn BE (1993) Unmasking pain - detection of deception in facial expressions. J Soc Clin Psychol 12:182\u2013197","journal-title":"J Soc Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1742_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(92)90212-T","volume":"51","author":"L LeResche","year":"1992","unstructured":"LeResche L, Dworkin SF, Wilson L, Ehrlich KJ (1992) Effect of temporomandibular disorder pain duration on facial expressions and verbal report of pain. Pain 51:289\u2013295","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.50.6.1291","volume":"50","author":"CJ Patrick","year":"1986","unstructured":"Patrick CJ, Craig KD, Prkachin KM (1986) Observer judgments of acute pain - facial action determinants. J Pers Soc Psychol 50:1291\u20131298","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"1742_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(91)90071-5","volume":"46","author":"KD Craig","year":"1991","unstructured":"Craig KD, Hyde SA, Patrick CJ (1991) Genuine, suppressed and faked facial behavior during exacerbation of chronic low-back-pain. Pain 46:161\u2013171","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01001777","volume":"7","author":"L Leresche","year":"1982","unstructured":"Leresche L (1982) Facial expression in pain - a study of candid photographs. J Nonverbal Behav 7:46\u201356","journal-title":"J Nonverbal Behav"},{"key":"1742_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(89)90038-9","volume":"39","author":"KM Prkachin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Prkachin KM, Mercer SR (1989) Pain expression in patients with shoulder pathology: validity, properties and relationship to sickness impact. Pain 39:257\u2013265","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.01.006","volume":"111","author":"JA Arias","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arias JA, Williams C, Raghvani R, Aghajani M, Baez S, Belzung C, Booij L, Busatto G, Chiarella J, Fu CH, Ibanez A, Liddell BJ, Lowe L, Penninx B, Rosa P, Kemp AH (2020) The neuroscience of sadness: a multidisciplinary synthesis and collaborative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 111:199\u2013228","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1742_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79581","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.79581","volume":"11","author":"J Jeganathan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jeganathan J, Campbell M, Hyett M, Parker G, Breakspear M (2022) Quantifying dynamic facial expressions under naturalistic conditions. Elife 11:e79581","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"1742_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199111000-00006","volume":"179","author":"M Katsikitis","year":"1991","unstructured":"Katsikitis M, Pilowsky I (1991) A controlled quantitative study of facial expression in Parkinson\u2019s disease and depression. J Nerv Ment Dis 179:683\u2013688","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"1742_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-010-0282-4","volume":"12","author":"F Antonaci","year":"2011","unstructured":"Antonaci F, Nappi G, Galli F, Manzoni GC, Calabresi P, Costa A (2011) Migraine and psychiatric comorbidity: a review of clinical findings. J Headache Pain 12:115\u2013125","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.20.2433","volume":"163","author":"MJ Bair","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bair MJ, Robinson RL, Katon W, Kroenke K (2003) Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review. Arch Intern Med 163:2433\u20132445","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1742_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (2018) The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia 38:1\u2013211","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417738202"},{"key":"1742_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.5.381","volume":"279","author":"BS Schwartz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schwartz BS, Stewart WF, Simon D, Lipton RB (1998) Epidemiology of tension-type headache. JAMA 279:381\u2013383","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1742_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","volume":"67","author":"AS Zigmond","year":"1983","unstructured":"Zigmond AS, Snaith RP (1983) The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 67:361\u2013370","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"1742_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60151-0","volume":"105","author":"PH Hung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hung PH, Fuh JL, Wang SJ (2006) Validity, reliability and application of the taiwan version of the migraine disability assessment questionnaire. J Formos Med Assoc 105:563\u2013568","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"1742_CR30","volume-title":"Facial action coding system: a technique for the measurement of facial movement","author":"P Ekman","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ekman P, Friesen WV (1978) Facial action coding system: a technique for the measurement of facial movement. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto"},{"key":"1742_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1109\/34.927467","volume":"23","author":"TF Cootes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cootes TF, Edwards J, Taylor CJ (2001) Active appearance models. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 23:681\u20135","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"1742_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39:175\u2013191","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"1742_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.02.004","volume":"149","author":"K Okamoto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Okamoto K, Tashiro A, Chang Z, Bereiter DA (2010) Bright light activates a trigeminal nociceptive pathway. Pain 149:235\u2013242","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.8.1234","volume":"58","author":"H Kaube","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kaube H, Katsarava Z, Przywara S, Drepper J, Ellrich J, Diener HC (2002) Acute migraine headache: possible sensitization of neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus? Neurology 58:1234\u20131238","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1742_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-021-00242-3","volume":"10","author":"CH Gobel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gobel CH, Heinze A, Karstedt S, Clasen S, Gobel H (2021) Effect of Occipital Nerve Stimulation (ONS) on the orbicularis oculi reflex triggered by a standardized air flow in patients with chronic migraine-a prospective, randomized, interventional study. Pain Ther 10:567\u2013576","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"1742_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1988.0803163.x","volume":"8","author":"P Goudswaard","year":"1988","unstructured":"Goudswaard P, Passchier J, Orlebeke JF (1988) EMG in common migraine: changes in absolute and proportional EMG levels during real-life stress. Cephalalgia 8:163\u2013174","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"1742_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-018-0851-5","volume":"19","author":"K Luedtke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luedtke K, Mehnert J, May A (2018) Altered muscle activity during rest and during mental or physical activity is not a trait symptom of migraine - a neck muscle EMG study. J Headache Pain 19:26","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2982.2005.00997.x","volume":"26","author":"RB Leistad","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leistad RB, Sand T, Westgaard RH, Nilsen KB, Stovner LJ (2006) Stress-induced pain and muscle activity in patients with migraine and tension-type headache. Cephalalgia 26:64\u201373","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"1742_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102417712718","volume":"38","author":"FJ Hsiao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hsiao FJ, Wang SJ, Lin YY, Fuh JL, Ko YC, Wang PN, Chen WT (2018) Somatosensory gating is altered and associated with migraine chronification: a magnetoencephalographic study. Cephalalgia 38:744\u2013753","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"1742_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002516","volume":"163","author":"LH Pan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pan LH, Chen WT, Wang YF, Chen SP, Lai KL, Liu HY, Hsiao FJ, Wang SJ (2022) Resting-state occipital alpha power is associated with treatment outcome in patients with chronic migraine. Pain 163:1324\u20131334","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-022-01030-0","volume":"26","author":"LH Pan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pan LH, Hsiao FJ, Chen WT, Wang SJ (2022) Resting state electrophysiological cortical activity: a brain signature candidate for patients with migraine. Curr Pain Headache Rep 26:289\u201397","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"1742_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420925540","volume":"40","author":"LH Pan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pan LH, Wang YF, Lai KL, Chen WT, Chen SP, Ling YH, Chou LW, Treede RD, Wang SJ (2020) Mechanical punctate pain threshold is associated with headache frequency and phase in patients with migraine. Cephalalgia 40:990\u20137","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"1742_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-016-0616-y","volume":"17","author":"OO Yalin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yalin OO, Uluduz D, Ozge A, Sungur MA, Selekler M, Siva A (2016) Phenotypic features of chronic migraine. J Headache Pain 17:26","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2007.01004.x","volume":"48","author":"JL Brandes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brandes JL (2008) The migraine cycle: patient burden of migraine during and between migraine attacks. Headache 48:430\u201341","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"1742_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01429-5","volume":"23","author":"SH Lo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lo SH, Gallop K, Smith T, Powell L, Johnston K, Hubig LT, Williams E, Coric V, Harris L, L\u2019Italien G, Lloyd AJ (2022) Real-world experience of interictal burden and treatment in migraine: a qualitative interview study. J Headache Pain 23:65","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s10194-012-0479-9","volume":"13","author":"S Ashina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ashina S, Serrano D, Lipton RB, Maizels M, Manack AN, Turkel CC, Reed ML, Buse DC (2012) Depression and risk of transformation of episodic to chronic migraine. J Headache Pain 13:615\u2013624","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-017-0742-1","volume":"18","author":"MFP Peres","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peres MFP, Mercante JPP, Tobo PR, Kamei H, Bigal ME (2017) Anxiety and depression symptoms and migraine: a symptom-based approach research. J Headache Pain 18:37","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026234","volume":"102","author":"ST Hawk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hawk ST, Fischer AH, Van Kleef GA (2012) Face the noise: embodied responses to nonverbal vocalizations of discrete emotions. J Pers Soc Psychol 102:796\u2013814","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"1742_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01500-1","volume":"23","author":"FJ Hsiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hsiao FJ, Chen WT, Pan LH, Liu HY, Wang YF, Chen SP, Lai KL, Coppola G, Wang SJ (2022) Resting-state magnetoencephalographic oscillatory connectivity to identify patients with chronic migraine using machine learning. J Headache Pain 23:130","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"key":"1742_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.069575","volume":"77","author":"SE Starkstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Starkstein SE, Jorge R, Mizrahi R, Robinson RG (2006) A prospective longitudinal study of apathy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77:8\u201311","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1742_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333102423117607","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024231176074","volume":"43","author":"FJ Hsiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hsiao FJ, Chen WT, Wang YF, Chen SP, Lai KL, Coppola G, Wang SJ (2023) Identification of patients with chronic migraine by using sensory-evoked oscillations from the electroencephalogram classifier. Cephalalgia 43:3331024231176074","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Headache and Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s10194-024-01742-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s10194-024-01742-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s10194-024-01742-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T00:03:53Z","timestamp":1710115433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s10194-024-01742-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-024-01742-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1129-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1129-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"WT Chen, FJ Hsiao, and G Coppola declare no potential conflicts of interest. SJ Wang reports grants and personal fees from Norvatis Taiwan, personal fees from Daiichi-Sankyo, grants and personal fees from Eli-Lilly, personal fees from AbbVie\/Allergan, personal fees from Pfizer Taiwan, personal fees from Biogen, Taiwan, outside the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"33"}}