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MOH presents with significant challenges in the headache community, particularly in clinical settings raising various questions about its pathophysiology. Through a review of the current literature and our clinical experience, we have explored the mechanisms through which MOH may occur, provide an understanding of the current state of treatment and detail some possible views on the understanding and treatment of this condition. We evaluate the variations in treatment methods offered globally and understanding of the disorder. Above all interventions, patient education is crucial, which is underscored by an analysis of the academic publications. Given the condition is preventable, early intervention is imperative and patient awareness is highlighted as key. Globally, there is no uniform treatment methodology, which may be advantageous as approaches need to take local circumstances into account.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01755-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T23:02:56Z","timestamp":1717110176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Medication-overuse headache: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Helin","family":"Gosalia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Moreno-Ajona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Goadsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1755_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/00019052-200206000-00011","volume":"15","author":"KM Welch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Welch KM, Goadsby PJ (2002) Chronic daily headache: nosology and pathophysiology. 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Goadsby reports, over the last 36 months, grants and personal fees from Eli-Lilly and Company, grant from Celgene, and personal fees from Aeon Biopharma, Allergan\/Abbvie, Amgen, Biodelivery Sciences International, Biohaven Pharmaceuticals Inc., CoolTech LLC, Dr Reddys, Epalex, GlaxoSmithKline, Impel Neuropharma, Lundbeck, Novartis, Praxis, Sanofi, Satsuma and Teva Pharmaceuticals, and personal fees for advice through Gerson Lehrman Group, Guidepoint, SAI Med Partners, Vector Metric, and fees for educational materials from CME Outfitters, Omnia Education, WebMD, and publishing royalties or fees from Massachusetts Medical Society, Oxford University Press, UptoDate and Wolters Kluwer, and for medicolegal advice in headache, and a patent magnetic stimulation for headache (No. WO2016090333 A1) assigned to eNeura without fee. Helin Gosalia has nothing to report. David Moreno-Ajona has nothing to report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"89"}}