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In this study, we investigate the relationship between female sex hormones and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38) concentrations in plasma of women with migraine and healthy controls, aiming to elucidate potential hormonal influences on PACAP dynamics and their relevance to migraine pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This analysis is part of a cross-sectional, matched-cohort study. We recruited two groups of women with episodic migraine: one with a regular menstrual cycle (M-RMC) and another undergoing combined oral contraceptive treatment (M-COC). Additionally, we included corresponding age-matched control groups without migraine for both categories (C-RMC and C-COC). For participants with a RMC, the study visits were scheduled during the perimenstrual period (menstrual cycle day 2\u2009\u00b1\u20092) and periovulatory period (day 13\u2009\u00b1\u20092). Participants using COC were examined at day 4\u2009\u00b1\u20092 of the hormone-free interval and between day 7\u201314 of the hormone intake phase. During these visits, PACAP-38 concentrations in plasma were measured using a commercial Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study included 120 women, with 30 participants in each group. Women with migraine and a RMC had significantly higher PACAP-38 plasma concentrations compared to healthy controls at both study visits [day 2\u2009\u00b1\u20092: M-RMC: 2547.41\u00a0pg\/ml (IQR 814.27 \u2013 4473.48) vs. C-RMC: 1129.49\u00a0pg\/ml (IQR 257.34 \u2013 2684.88),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025; day 13\u2009\u00b1\u20092: M-RMC: 3098.89\u00a0pg\/ml (IQR 1186.29 \u2013 4379.47) vs. C-RMC: 1626.89 (IQR 383.83 \u2013 3038.36),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028]. In contrast, PACAP-38 levels were comparable between migraine and control groups receiving COC. Women with migraine and a RMC exhibited higher PACAP-38 concentrations during menstruation compared to those using COC during the hormone-free interval.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic PACAP-38 concentrations in women vary based on the presence of migraine diagnosis and their hormonal status.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01804-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T19:02:57Z","timestamp":1718046177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["PACAP-38\u00a0and sex hormones in women with migraine: exploratory analysis of a cross-sectional, matched cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Storch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas H.","family":"Overeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Terhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira P.","family":"Fitzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin S.","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Raffaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10283","key":"1804_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32160-7","volume":"397","author":"M Ashina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashina M, Katsarava Z, Do TP et al (2021) Migraine: epidemiology and systems of care. 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