{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:55:19Z","timestamp":1787165719831,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Headache Pain"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A global schools-based programme within the Global Campaign against Headache is estimating the burden of headache in children (6\u201311 years) and adolescents (12\u201317 years), cluster-sampling the world by conducting national studies in all world regions. Its purpose is to complement population-based studies in adults, adding to knowledge of the burden of headache and informing educational and health policies. This study in Benin was the third in the programme from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We followed the generic protocol for the global study. In a cross-sectional survey, the child and adolescent versions of the Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) structured questionnaire were administered to pupils within their classes in 16 schools selected from across the country to be representative of its diversities. Headache diagnostic questions were based on ICHD-3 criteria but for the inclusion of undifferentiated headache (UdH).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Very large proportions of pupils were absent on the survey days. The sampled population defined by class registers totalled 11,802 pupils, of whom only 2,488 were present. A further 193 pupils (or their parents) declined the survey. The surveyed sampled (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092,295; males 1,156 [50.4%], females 1,139 [49.6%]) included 1,081 children (47.1%) and 1,214 adolescents (52.9%), with a non-participating proportion (193\/2,488) of 7.8%. Headache ever was reported by 97.3% of the sample. Age- and gender-adjusted 1-year prevalences, according to responses given, were 53.4% for migraine (almost three quarters of this being probable migraine), 21.3% for tension-type headache, 8.2% for UdH, 1.0% for probable medication-overuse headache (pMOH) and 2.6% for other headache on \u2265\u200915 days\/month (H15+). Both pMOH and other H15\u2009+\u2009were substantially more prevalent among adolescents.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The finding for migraine is anomalous, but, within this series of studies, the same was found in Zambia and similar in Ethiopia, both in SSA. While many cases identified as probable migraine, especially among children, might better have been diagnosed as UdH, the true prevalence of migraine almost certainly exceeds 21%. Regardless of diagnosis, headache is very common among children and adolescents in Benin. The study sounds an alarm with regard to pMOH as a developing problem pre-adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01843-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T05:03:48Z","timestamp":1724389428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The prevalence of headache disorders in children and adolescents in Benin: a schools-based study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mendinatou","family":"Agbetou Houessou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Adoukonou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willy","family":"Tchuenga Fokom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Dovoedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tayyar","family":"\u015ea\u015fmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Bozda\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derya","family":"Uluduz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1843_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-015-0544-2","volume":"16","author":"TJ Steiner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steiner TJ, Birbeck GL, Jensen RH, Katsarava Z, Stovner LJ, Martelletti P (2015) Headache disorders are third cause of disability worldwide. 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Pupils\u2019 consents and parental non-objection were required for participation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"DU and TJS are Directors and Trustees of <i>Lifting The Burden<\/i>. TJS is associate editor of The Journal of Headache and Pain, and guest editor of its collection on Headache Burden in Children and Adolescents.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"135"}}