{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:32:34Z","timestamp":1791977554720,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82104223 and 82204372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82104223 and 82204372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82104223 and 82204372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82104223 and 82204372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou","award":["202102021022, 2024A04J10001, and 2025A03J3308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102021022, 2024A04J10001, and 2025A03J3308"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou","award":["202102021022, 2024A04J10001, and 2025A03J3308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102021022, 2024A04J10001, and 2025A03J3308"]}]},{"name":"Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong","award":["A2024618"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2024618"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020A1515110008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020A1515110008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Guangzhou Municipal Key Discipline in Medicine","award":["2025-2027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-2027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Headache Pain"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-025-02091-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T03:50:40Z","timestamp":1750650640000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Adverse events associated with gepants: a pharmacovigilance analysis based on the FDA adverse event reporting system"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Qi","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqian","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(21)00409-9","volume":"21","author":"L Al-Hassany","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Hassany L, Goadsby PJ, Danser AHJ, MaassenVanDenBrink A (2022) Calcitonin gene-related peptide-targeting drugs for migraine: how pharmacology might inform treatment decisions. Lancet Neurol 21(3):284\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(21)00409-9","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-022-00530-0","volume":"36","author":"F Cohen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cohen F, Yuan H, Silberstein SD (2022) Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP)-targeted monoclonal antibodies and antagonists in migraine: current evidence and rationale. BioDrugs 36(3):341\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40259-022-00530-0","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"issue":"17","key":"2091_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11172767","volume":"11","author":"MD Villar-Martinez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Villar-Martinez MD, Goadsby PJ (2022) Pathophysiology and therapy of associated features of migraine. Cells 11(17):2767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11172767","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"4","key":"2091_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000001053","volume":"40","author":"S Konstantinos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Konstantinos S, Vikelis M, Rapoport A (2020) Acute care and treatment of migraine. J Neuroophthalmol 40(4):472\u2013484","journal-title":"J Neuroophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13749","volume":"60","author":"HC Diener","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diener HC (2020) The risks or lack thereof of migraine treatments in vascular disease. Headache 60(3):649\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13749","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"2091_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nisar A, Ahmed Z, Yuan H (2023) Novel therapeutic targets for migraine. Biomedicines. 11(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11020569","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020569"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-022-01435-7","volume":"23","author":"J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu J, Wang G, Dan Y, Liu X (2022) CGRP and PACAP-38 play an important role in diagnosing pediatric migraine. J Headache Pain 23(1):68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-022-01435-7","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"19","key":"2091_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201332","volume":"99","author":"J Ailani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ailani J, Kaiser EA, Mathew PG, McAllister P, Russo AF, V\u00e9lez C et al (2022) Role of calcitonin gene-related peptide on the gastrointestinal symptoms of migraine\u2014clinical considerations. Neurology 99(19):841\u2013853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201332","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2091_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci12121612","volume":"12","author":"JP Rissardo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rissardo JP, Caprara ALF (2022) Gepants for acute and preventive migraine treatment: a narrative review. Brain Sci 12(12):1612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci12121612","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2091_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5697","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-06184-8","volume":"43","author":"C Altamura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Altamura C, Brunelli N, Marcosano M, Fofi L, Vernieri F (2022) Gepants\u2014a long way to cure: a narrative review. Neurol Sci 43(9):5697\u20135708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-022-06184-8","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2091_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11061656","volume":"11","author":"D Moreno-Ajona","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moreno-Ajona D, Villar-Mart\u00ednez MD, Goadsby PJ (2022) New generation Gepants: migraine acute and preventive medications. J Clin Med 11(6):1656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11061656","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2091_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.174902","volume":"922","author":"JBR dos Santos","year":"2022","unstructured":"dos Santos JBR, da Silva MRR (2022) Small molecule CGRP receptor antagonists for the preventive treatment of migraine: a review. Eur J Pharmacol 922:174902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.174902","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2091_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haghdoost F, Puledda F, Garcia-Azorin D, Huessler E-M, Messina R, Pozo-Rosich P (2023) Evaluating the efficacy of CGRP mAbs and gepants for the preventive treatment of migraine: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of phase 3 randomised controlled trials. Cephalalgia. 2023(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03331024231159366","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024231159366"},{"issue":"9","key":"2091_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-022-03347-6","volume":"78","author":"S Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee S, Staatz CE, Han N, Baek IH (2022) Safety evaluation of oral calcitonin-gene\u2013related peptide receptor antagonists in patients with acute migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 78(9):1365\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-022-03347-6","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2024.2365379","volume":"19","author":"C Baraldi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baraldi C, Dagmar B, Paolo M, Pellesi L (2024) The preclinical discovery and development of Atogepant for migraine prophylaxis. Expert Opin Drug Discov 19(7):783\u2013788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17460441.2024.2365379","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Discov"},{"issue":"5","key":"2091_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/17581869.2025.2494494","volume":"15","author":"L Pellesi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pellesi L, Budour J, Fadia B, Samah A-A, Paolo M, Xiao Z (2025) Head-to-head relief: ubrogepant, rimegepant, and zavegepant in migraine treatment. Pain Manag 15(5):279\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17581869.2025.2494494","journal-title":"Pain Manag"},{"issue":"11","key":"2091_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2024.2401558","volume":"24","author":"WD Wells-Gatnik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wells-Gatnik WD, Lanfranco P, Martelletti P (2024) Rimegepant and atogepant: novel drugs providing innovative opportunities in the management of migraine. Expert Rev Neurother 24(11):1107\u20131117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14737175.2024.2401558","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"2091_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liang Q, Liao X, Wu H, Huang Y, Liang T, Li H (2024) Real-world study of adverse events associated with gepant use in migraine treatment based on the VigiAccess and U.S. Food and Drug Administration\u2019s adverse event reporting system databases. Front Pharmacol. 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1431562","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1431562"},{"issue":"11","key":"2091_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2023.2223958","volume":"22","author":"V Battini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Battini V, Carla C, Emilio C, Sessa M (2023) Ubrogepant and rimegepant: signal detection using spontaneous reports of adverse events from the food and drug administration adverse event reporting system. Expert Opin Drug Saf 22(11):1105\u20131112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14740338.2023.2223958","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-024-01858-4","volume":"25","author":"J-L Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu J-L, Wu J-Y, Xu S, Qian S-Y, Jiang C, Zheng G-Q (2024) Post-marketing safety concerns with rimegepant based on a pharmacovigilance study. J Headache Pain 25(1):169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-024-01858-4","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2023.2251390","volume":"23","author":"B Cao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cao B, Shanshan G, Zhisen S, Yuna Z, Yiming S, Chen H (2024) Evaluating Ubrogepant-related adverse events using the FDA adverse event reporting system. Expert Opin Drug Saf 23(3):297\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14740338.2023.2251390","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"2091_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Shengzhu S, Wang Y (2024) Adverse events associated with Atogepant: a FAERS-based pharmacovigilance analysis. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety. 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14740338.2024.2393268","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2024.2393268"},{"key":"2091_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wen H, Yitian D, Chen F (2024) A real-world pharmacovigilance study of FDA adverse event reporting system events for atogepant. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14740338.2024.2377347","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2024.2377347"},{"key":"2091_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pan H, Lin S (2024) A real-world adverse events study of rimegepant from the FAERS database. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14740338.2024.2418319","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2024.2418319"},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3805","volume":"24","author":"CK Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong CK, Ho SS, Saini B, Hibbs DE, Fois RA (2015) Standardisation of the FAERS database: a systematic approach to manually recoding drug name variants. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 24(7):731\u2013737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.3805","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.6048","volume":"10","author":"T Sakaeda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sakaeda T, Tamon A, Kadoyama K, Okuno Y (2013) Data mining of the public version of the FDA adverse event reporting system. Int J Med Sci 10(7):796\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijms.6048","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3623","volume":"34","author":"M Sarangdhar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sarangdhar M, Tabar S, Schmidt C, Kushwaha A, Shah K, Dahlquist JE et al (2016) Data mining differential clinical outcomes associated with drug regimens using adverse event reporting data. Nat Biotechnol 34(7):697\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nbt.3623","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2091_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.2147\/clep.S470959","volume":"16","author":"X Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang X, Zheng X, Zhang M, Huang J, Huang P, Wang J (2024) Drug-induced gynecomastia: data mining and analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system database. Clin Epidemiol 16:617\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/clep.S470959","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.668","volume":"11","author":"EP van Puijenbroek","year":"2002","unstructured":"van Puijenbroek EP, Bate A, Leufkens HG, Lindquist M, Orre R, Egberts AC (2002) A comparison of measures of disproportionality for signal detection in spontaneous reporting systems for adverse drug reactions. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 11(1):3\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.668","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"6","key":"2091_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.677","volume":"10","author":"SJ Evans","year":"2001","unstructured":"Evans SJ, Waller PC, Davis S (2001) Use of proportional reporting ratios (PRRs) for signal generation from spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 10(6):483\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.677","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"2091_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050466","volume":"54","author":"A Bate","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bate A, Lindquist M, Edwards IR, Olsson S, Orre R, Lansner A et al (1998) A Bayesian neural network method for adverse drug reaction signal generation. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 54(4):315\u2013321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002280050466","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.2174\/1574886310666150729112903","volume":"10","author":"P Dias","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dias P, Penedones A, Alves C, Ribeiro CF, Marques FB (2015) The role of disproportionality analysis of pharmacovigilance databases in safety regulatory actions: a systematic review. Curr Drug Saf 10(3):234\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1574886310666150729112903","journal-title":"Curr Drug Saf"},{"issue":"5","key":"2091_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-022-01034-w","volume":"26","author":"C-K Tsai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsai C-K, Tsai C-L, Lin G-Y, Yang F-C, Wang S-J (2022) Sex differences in chronic migraine: focusing on clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatments. Curr Pain Headache Rep 26(5):347\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-022-01034-w","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30293-9","volume":"16","author":"KG Vetvik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vetvik KG, MacGregor EA (2017) Sex differences in the epidemiology, clinical features, and pathophysiology of migraine. Lancet Neurol 16(1):76\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30293-9","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2091_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.800605","volume":"12","author":"P Amiri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amiri P, Kazeminasab S, Nejadghaderi SA, Mohammadinasab R, Pourfathi H, Araj-Khodaei M et al (2022) Migraine: a review on its history, global epidemiology, risk factors, and comorbidities. Front Neurol. 12:2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2021.800605","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00059.2021","volume":"103","author":"AF Russo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Russo AF, Hay DL (2023) CGRP physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic targets: migraine and beyond. Physiol Rev 103(2):1565\u20131644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00059.2021","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"2091_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-016-0578-4","volume":"20","author":"PL Durham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Durham PL (2016) Diverse physiological roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide in migraine pathology: modulation of neuronal-glial-immune cells to promote peripheral and central sensitization. Curr Pain Headache Rep 20(8):48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-016-0578-4","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12020199","volume":"12","author":"G Papiri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Papiri G, Vignini A, Capriotti L, Verdenelli P, Alia S, Di Paolo A et al (2022) Cerebrospinal Fluid \u03b1-calcitonin gene-related peptide: a comparison between alzheimer\u2019s disease and multiple sclerosis. Biomolecules 12(2):199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom12020199","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2091_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101889","volume":"73","author":"B B\u0142aszczyk","year":"2024","unstructured":"B\u0142aszczyk B, Martynowicz H, Wi\u0119ckiewicz M, Straburzy\u0144ski M, Antolak M, Budrewicz S et al (2024) Prevalence of headaches and their relationship with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) - Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 73:101889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101889","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"2091_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820006","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.820006","volume":"12","author":"P Holzer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Holzer P, Holzer-Petsche U (2022) Constipation caused by anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide migraine therapeutics explained by antagonism of calcitonin gene-related peptide\u2019s motor-stimulating and prosecretory function in the intestine. Front Physiol 12:820006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.820006","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2091_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035908","volume":"385","author":"J Ailani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ailani J, Lipton RB, Goadsby PJ, Guo H, Miceli R, Severt L et al (2021) Atogepant for the preventive treatment of migraine. N Engl J Med 385(8):695\u2013706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2035908","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2091_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14062","volume":"61","author":"CC Chiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiang CC, Arca KN, Dunn RB, Girardo ME, Quillen JK, Dodick DW et al (2021) Real-world efficacy, tolerability, and safety of ubrogepant. Headache 61(4):620\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14062","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"9","key":"2091_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(20)30234-9","volume":"19","author":"PJ Goadsby","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goadsby PJ, Dodick DW, Ailani J, Trugman JM, Finnegan M, Lu K et al (2020) Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of orally administered atogepant for the prevention of episodic migraine in adults: a double-blind, randomised phase 2b\/3 trial. Lancet Neurol 19(9):727\u2013737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(20)30234-9","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1177\/0018578719882323","volume":"56","author":"R Neha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neha R, Subeesh V, Beulah E, Gouri N, Maheswari E (2021) Existence of Notoriety Bias in FDA adverse event reporting system database and its impact on signal strength. Hosp Pharm 56(3):152\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018578719882323","journal-title":"Hosp Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-020-00206-y","volume":"73","author":"S Kahremany","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kahremany S, Hofmann L, Harari M, Gruzman A, Cohen G (2021) Pruritus in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: current treatments and new perspectives. Pharmacol Rep 73(2):443\u2013453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43440-020-00206-y","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"2091_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kahremany S, Hofmann L, Gruzman A, Cohen G (2020) Advances in understanding the initial steps of pruritoceptive itch: how the itch hits the switch. Int J Mol Sci. 21(14). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21144883","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21144883"},{"key":"2091_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruiz M, Cocores A, Tosti A, Goadsby PJ, Monteith TS (2023) Alopecia as an emerging adverse event to CGRP monoclonal antibodies: cases series, evaluation of FAERS, and literature review. Cephalalgia. 2023(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03331024221143538","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024221143538"},{"issue":"10","key":"2091_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2725","volume":"42","author":"RH Woods","year":"2022","unstructured":"Woods RH (2022) Alopecia signals associated with calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibitors in the treatment or prophylaxis of migraine: A pharmacovigilance study. Pharmacotherapy 42(10):758\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/phar.2725","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"2091_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199703240-00015","volume":"8","author":"R Rossi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rossi R, Del Bianco E, Isolani D, Baccari MC, Cappugi P (1997) Possible involvement of neuropeptidergic sensory nerves in alopecia areata. NeuroReport 8(5):1135\u20131138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001756-199703240-00015","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"issue":"5","key":"2091_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13795","volume":"60","author":"K Falkenberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Falkenberg K, Bjerg HR, Olesen J (2020) Two-Hour CGRP Infusion Causes Gastrointestinal Hyperactivity: Possible Relevance for CGRP Antibody Treatment. Headache 60(5):929\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.13795","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-019-0979-y","volume":"20","author":"V Favoni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Favoni V, Giani L, Al-Hassany L, Asioli GM, Butera C, de Boer I et al (2019) CGRP and migraine from a cardiovascular point of view: what do we expect from blocking CGRP? J Headache Pain 20(1):27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-019-0979-y","journal-title":"J Headache Pain"},{"issue":"12","key":"2091_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000702","volume":"157","author":"S Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo S, Vollesen ALH, Olesen J, Ashina M (2016) Premonitory and nonheadache symptoms induced by CGRP and PACAP38 in patients with migraine. Pain 157(12):2773\u20132781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000702","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0000000000001776","volume":"28","author":"H Enomoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Enomoto H, Terauchi M, Odai T, Kato K, Iizuka M, Akiyoshi M et al (2021) Independent association of palpitation with vasomotor symptoms and anxiety in middle-aged women. Menopause 28(7):741\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/gme.0000000000001776","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfac051","volume":"188","author":"JL Woodhead","year":"2022","unstructured":"Woodhead JL, Siler SQ, Howell BA, Watkins PB, Conway C (2022) Comparing the Liver Safety Profiles of 4 Next-Generation CGRP Receptor Antagonists to the Hepatotoxic CGRP Inhibitor Telcagepant Using Quantitative Systems Toxicology Modeling. Toxicol Sci 188(1):108\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/toxsci\/kfac051","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2091_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.121.000417","volume":"50","author":"JM Migliorati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Migliorati JM, Liu S, Liu A, Gogate A, Nair S, Bahal R et al (2022) Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of US food and drug administration-approved antisense oligonucleotide drugs. Drug Metab Dispos 50(6):888\u2013897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/dmd.121.000417","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13813","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13813","volume":"17","author":"R Bhardwaj","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bhardwaj R, Donohue MK, Madonia J, Morris B, Marbury TC, Matschke KT et al (2024) Reduced hepatic impairment study to evaluate pharmacokinetics and safety of zavegepant and to inform dosing recommendation for hepatic impairment. Clin Transl Sci 17(7):e13813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cts.13813","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2091_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2024.2405741","volume":"24","author":"G Greco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Greco G, Monteith T (2024) Intranasal zavegepant for the acute treatment of migraine. Expert Rev Neurother 24(12):1131\u20131140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14737175.2024.2405741","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(22)00517-8","volume":"22","author":"RB Lipton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lipton RB, Croop R, Stock DA, Madonia J, Forshaw M, Lovegren M et al (2023) Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of zavegepant 10 mg nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine in the USA: a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled multicentre trial. Lancet Neurol 22(3):209\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(22)00517-8","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2091_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1111\/head.14389","volume":"62","author":"R Croop","year":"2022","unstructured":"Croop R, Madonia J, Stock DA, Thiry A, Forshaw M, Murphy A et al (2022) Zavegepant nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine: A Phase 2\/3 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial. Headache 62(9):1153\u20131163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/head.14389","journal-title":"Headache"},{"issue":"9","key":"2091_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-023-01885-6","volume":"83","author":"S Dhillon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dhillon S (2023) Zavegepant: first approval. Drugs 83(9):825\u2013831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-023-01885-6","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2091_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200831030-00002","volume":"31","author":"RL Doty","year":"2008","unstructured":"Doty RL, Shah M, Bromley SM (2008) Drug-induced taste disorders Drug safety 31:199\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00002018-200831030-00002","journal-title":"Drug-induced taste disorders Drug safety"},{"issue":"8","key":"2091_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"033310242412594","DOI":"10.1177\/03331024241259456","volume":"44","author":"K Mullin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mullin K, Croop R, Mosher L, Fullerton T, Madonia J, Lipton RB (2024) Long-term safety of zavegepant nasal spray for the acute treatment of migraine: A phase 2\/3 open-label study. Cephalalgia 44(8):03331024241259456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/03331024241259456","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"11","key":"2091_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b19-00156","volume":"42","author":"G Ando","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ando G, Taguchi K, Enoki Y, Yokoyama Y, Kizu J, Matsumoto K (2019) Evaluation of the expression time of ganciclovir-induced adverse events using JADER and FAERS. Biol Pharm Bull 42(11):1799\u20131804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.b19-00156","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13707","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13707","volume":"17","author":"R Boinpally","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boinpally R, Shebley M, Trugman JM (2024) Atogepant: Mechanism of action, clinical and translational science. Clin Transl Sci 17(1):e13707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cts.13707","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Headache and Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s10194-025-02091-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s10194-025-02091-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s10194-025-02091-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T03:50:41Z","timestamp":1750650641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s10194-025-02091-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10194-025-02091-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1129-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1129-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Since all data of our study was originated from public databases with non-identifiable datasets, no ethical approval is required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"147"}}