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Independent replication was performed using external datasets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine and its subtypes showed significant positive genetic correlations with all five psychiatric disorders (rg\u2009=\u20090.39\u20130.73). We identified 83 immune cell gene targets for migraine, 13 for migraine with aura, and 19 for migraine without aura. Among these, 6 targets showed shared associations with anxiety and 1 with depression. Three prioritized genes\u2014HLA-A, CDK2AP1, and TTC24\u2014demonstrated cross-disease pleiotropic effects. Notably, HLA-A in cDC1 exhibited discordant pleiotropy (protective for migraine with aura, risk for depression), with known drug\u2013gene interactions involving antiepileptics and tricyclic antidepressants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that immune cell\u2013specific genes, particularly HLA-A, CDK2AP1, and TTC24, may bridge migraine and psychiatric disorders, offering potential candidates for further investigation into shared immunogenetic mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-026-02465-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T07:24:12Z","timestamp":1784964252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Migraine immune cell gene targets and their relationship to psychiatric disorders"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Mo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongren","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjiao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaosu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1934-9538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiting","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2465_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/s10194-025-01998-1","volume":"26","author":"O Grodzka","year":"2025","unstructured":"Grodzka O, Dzagoevi K, Rees T, Cabral G, Ch\u0105dzy\u0144ski P, Di Antonio S, Socha\u0144 P, MaassenVandenbrink A, Lampl C (2025) Migraine with and without aura\u2014two distinct entities? 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