{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T11:21:10Z","timestamp":1772191270591,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Traumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study was performed to investigate leg length discrepancy (LLD), overgrowth, and associated risk factors after pediatric tibial shaft fractures.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study included 103 patients younger than 14\u00a0years of age (mean age 7.1\u00a0years; 75 boys, 28 girls) with unilateral tibial shaft fracture and a minimum follow-up of 24\u00a0months. LLD was calculated as the difference between the lengths of the injured and uninjured limbs. Overgrowth was calculated by adding the fracture site shortening from the LLD. Risk factors were assessed in patients with LLD\u2009&lt;\u20091\u00a0cm and\u2009\u2265\u20091\u00a0cm and overgrowth\u2009&lt;\u20091\u00a0cm and\u2009\u2265\u20091\u00a0cm.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Casting and titanium elastic nailing (TEN) were performed on 64 and 39 patients, respectively. The mean LLD and overgrowth were 5.6 and 6.4\u00a0mm, respectively. There were significant differences in sex (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018), age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041), fibular involvement (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005), injury mechanism (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006), and treatment methods (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) between patients with LLDs\u2009&lt;\u20091\u00a0cm and\u2009\u2265\u20091\u00a0cm. There were significant differences in sex (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.029), fibular involvement (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), injury mechanism (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008), and treatment methods (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) between patients with overgrowth\u2009&lt;\u20091\u00a0cm and\u2009\u2265\u20091\u00a0cm. Sex and treatment methods were risk factors associated with LLD\u2009\u2265\u20091\u00a0cm and overgrowth\u2009\u2265\u20091\u00a0cm following pediatric tibial shaft fracture. The boys had a 7.4-fold higher risk of LLD\u2009\u2265\u20091\u00a0cm and 5.4-fold higher risk of overgrowth\u2009\u2265\u20091\u00a0cm than the girls. Patients who underwent TEN had a 4.3-fold higher risk of LLD\u2009\u2265\u20091\u00a0cm and 4.8-fold higher risk of overgrowth\u2009\u2265\u20091\u00a0cm than those treated by casting.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients undergoing TEN showed greater LLD and overgrowth than those undergoing casting, with boys showing greater LLD and overgrowth than girls. Surgeons should consider the possibility of LLD and overgrowth after pediatric tibial shaft fractures, especially when performing TEN for boys.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Level of evidence<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Level III<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-021-00575-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T16:03:20Z","timestamp":1615824200000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Leg length discrepancy, overgrowth, and associated risk factors after a pediatric tibial shaft fracture"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Woo Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moon Seok","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kug Jin","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyon Soo","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5007-2403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki Hyuk","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"575_CR1","volume-title":"Rockwood and Wilkins\u2019 fractures in children","author":"PM Waters","year":"2020","unstructured":"Waters PM, Skaggs DL, Flynn JM, Court-Brown CM (2020) Rockwood and Wilkins\u2019 fractures in children, 9th edn. 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