{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T13:43:39Z","timestamp":1784900619528,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712966400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Orthop Traumatol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the outcomes, complications, and potential advantages of using anatomical interlocking intramedullary nails (IMN) in the treatment of radius and ulnar shaft diaphyseal fractures in adults.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were searched between January 2000 and January 2023. Studies meeting criteria were observational or randomized controlled trials evaluating outcomes in IMN for adult diaphyseal forearm fractures. Standardized data extraction was performed and a quality assessment tool was used to evaluate individual study methodology. Descriptive statistics for interventions, functional outcomes, and complications were reported. Meta-analysis was performed for patient-reported outcome measures and operative time.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 29 studies involving 1268 patients were included with 764 (60%) undergoing IMN, 21% open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), and 9% hybrid fixation. There was no significant difference between groups in DASH and Grace\u2013Eversmann scores. Operative time was significantly shorter in IMN compared with ORIF. The DASH scores were: 13.1\u2009\u00b1\u20096.04 for IMN, 10.17\u2009\u00b1\u20093.98 for ORIF, and 15.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.63 in hybrids. Mean operative time was 65.3\u2009\u00b1\u200928.7 in ORIF and 50.8\u2009\u00b1\u200917.7 in IMN. Complication rates were 16.7% in the IMN group, 14.9% in ORIF, and 6.3% in hybrid constructs. There were 11 cases of extensor pollicis rupture in the IMN group. Average IMN pronation and supination were 78.3\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20097.9\u00b0 and 73\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.0\u00b0, respectively. Average ORIF pronation and supination was 82.15\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u00b0 and 79.7\u00b0\u2009\u00b1\u20094.5\u00b0, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Similar functional outcomes and complication rates along with shorter operative times can be achieved with IMN compared with ORIF. The use of IMN is promising, however, higher quality evidence is required to assess appropriate indications, subtle differences in range of motion, implant-related complications, and cost-effectiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Trail Registration<\/jats:italic> PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) (ID: CRD42022362353).<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Level of evidence<\/jats:italic> III.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-024-00761-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T18:01:56Z","timestamp":1713031316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Interlocking intramedullary nail for forearm diaphyseal fractures in adults\u2014A systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes and complications"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2070-6727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Lari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulwahab","family":"Altammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Esmaeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz","family":"Altammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Prada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Jarragh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"761_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.26322","volume":"26","author":"KC Chung","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chung KC, Spilson SV (2001) The frequency and epidemiology of hand and forearm fractures in the United States. J Hand Surg Am 26:908\u2013915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/jhsu.2001.26322","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"761_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B7.0841070","volume":"84","author":"CE Dumont","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dumont CE, Thalmann R, Macy JC (2002) The effect of rotational malunion of the radius and the ulna on supination and pronation. J Bone Jt Surg Br 84:1070\u20131074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.84B7.0841070","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br"},{"key":"761_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-22-07-437","volume":"22","author":"LM Schulte","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schulte LM, Meals CG, Neviaser RJ (2014) Management of adult diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 22:437\u2013446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5435\/JAAOS-22-07-437","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"761_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.04.020","volume":"45","author":"A Patel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Patel A, Li L, Anand A (2014) Systematic review: Functional outcomes and complications of intramedullary nailing versus plate fixation for both-bone diaphyseal forearm fractures in children. Injury 45:1135\u20131143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2014.04.020","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"761_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195739010-00010","volume":"39","author":"FP Sage","year":"1957","unstructured":"Sage FP, Smith H (1957) Medullary fixation of forearm fractures. J Bone Jt Surg Am 39:91","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"761_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01636","volume":"90","author":"YH Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee YH, Lee SK, Chung MS et\u00a0al. (2008) Interlocking contoured intramedullary nail fixation for selected diaphyseal fractures of the forearm in adults. J Bone Jt Surg Am 90:1891\u20131898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.G.01636","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"key":"761_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7129.469","volume":"316","author":"AE Stuck","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stuck AE, Rubenstein LZ, Wieland D et\u00a0al. (1998) Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical. BMJ 316:469\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.316.7129.469","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"761_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.2307\/2669529","volume":"95","author":"S Duval","year":"2000","unstructured":"Duval S, Tweedie R (2000) A nonparametric, \u201ctrim and fill\u201d method of accounting for publication bias in meta-analysis. J Am Stat Assoc 95:89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2669529","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"761_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000300","volume":"26","author":"MA Rodgers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodgers MA, Pustejovsky JE (2021) Evaluating meta-analytic methods to detect selective reporting in the presence of dependent effect sizes. Psychol Method 26:141\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/met0000300","journal-title":"Psychol Method"},{"key":"761_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2015.11.019","volume":"102","author":"XF Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang XF, Huang JW, Mao HX et\u00a0al. (2016) Adult diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures: a clinical and biomechanical comparison of four different fixations. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 102:319\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2015.11.019","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"761_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk6020046","author":"V Pavone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pavone V, Ganci M, Papotto G et\u00a0al. (2021) Locked intramedullary nailing versus compression plating for stable ulna fractures: a comparative study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfmk6020046","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"key":"761_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31824aee8e","volume":"26","author":"NM Behnke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Behnke NM, Redjal HR, Nguyen VT, Zinar DM (2012) Internal fixation of diaphyseal fractures of the forearm: a retrospective comparison of hybrid fixation versus dual plating. J Orthop Trauma 26:611\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31824aee8e","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"761_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2015.7.3.282","volume":"7","author":"SB Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim SB, Heo YM, Yi JW et\u00a0al. (2015) Shaft fractures of both forearm bones: the outcomes of surgical treatment with plating only and combined plating and intramedullary nailing. Clin Orthop Surg 7:282\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4055\/cios.2015.7.3.282","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg"},{"key":"761_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-019-01131-3","volume":"46","author":"B Kibar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kibar B, Kurtulmu\u015f T (2020) Comparison of new design locked intramedullary nails and plate osteosynthesis in adult isolated diaphyseal radius fractures. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 46:1429\u20131435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-019-01131-3","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"761_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-013-1242-x","volume":"24","author":"SK Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee SK, Kim KJ, Lee JW, Choy WS (2014) Plate osteosynthesis versus intramedullary nailing for both forearm bones fractures. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 24:769\u2013776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-013-1242-x","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"761_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.5606\/ehc.2019.66344","volume":"30","author":"B Kibar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kibar B, Kurtulmu\u015f T (2019) Treatment of adult isolated ulnar diaphyseal fractures: a comparison of new-generation locked intramedullary nail and plate fixation. Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi 30:246\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5606\/ehc.2019.66344","journal-title":"Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi"},{"key":"761_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.5505\/tjtes.2016.66267","volume":"23","author":"A Kose","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kose A, Aydin A, Ezirmik N, Yildirim OS (2017) A comparison of the treatment results of open reduction internal fixation and intramedullary nailing in adult forearm diaphyseal fractures. Turkish J Trauma Emerg Surg 23:235\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5505\/tjtes.2016.66267","journal-title":"Turkish J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"761_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.11.012","volume":"52","author":"D Bla\u017eevi\u0107","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bla\u017eevi\u0107 D, Ben\u010di\u0107 I, \u0106uti T et\u00a0al. (2021) Intramedullary nailing of adult forearm fractures: results and complications. Injury 52(Suppl 5):S44\u2013S48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2020.11.012","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"761_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.03.004","volume":"17","author":"SY Kale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kale SY, Singh SD, Samant P et\u00a0al. (2021) Treatment of diaphyseal forearm fracture with interlocking intramedullary nailing: a pilot study. J Clin Orthop Trauma 17:195\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.03.004","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"761_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.4103\/ortho.IJOrtho_79_16","volume":"51","author":"I Azboy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Azboy I, Demirta\u015f A, Alemdar C et\u00a0al. (2017) A newly designed intramedullary nail for the treatment of diaphyseal forearm fractures in adults. Ind J Orthop 51:697\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ortho.IJOrtho_79_16","journal-title":"Ind J Orthop"},{"key":"761_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199602000-00003","volume":"10","author":"GS Beaupr\u00e9","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beaupr\u00e9 GS, Csongradi JJ (1996) Refracture risk after plate removal in the forearm. J Orthop Trauma 10:87\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005131-199602000-00003","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"761_CR22","first-page":"159","volume":"10","author":"N Anantavorasakul","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anantavorasakul N, Lans J, Wolvetang NHA et\u00a0al. (2022) Forearm plate fixation: should plates be removed? Arch Bone Jt Surg 10:159\u2013159","journal-title":"Arch Bone Jt Surg"},{"key":"761_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004219","volume":"10","author":"A Lari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lari A, Alherz M, Hussain S et\u00a0al. (2022) The importance of scar cosmesis across the surgical specialties: factors, perceptions, and predispositions. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 10:e4219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004219","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"761_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000157911.76433.db","volume":"19","author":"H Gao","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gao H, Luo CF, Zhang CQ et\u00a0al. (2005) Internal fixation of diaphyseal fractures of the forearm by interlocking intramedullary nail: short-term results in eighteen patients. J Orthop Trauma 19:384\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.bot.0000157911.76433.db","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"761_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-006-0122-9","volume":"126","author":"A Weckbach","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weckbach A, Blattert TR, Ch W (2006) Interlocking nailing of forearm fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 126:309\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-006-0122-9","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"761_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.10.040","volume":"45","author":"G Saka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saka G, Saglam N, Kurtulmu\u015f T et\u00a0al. (2014) New interlocking intramedullary radius and ulna nails for treating forearm diaphyseal fractures in adults: a retrospective study. Injury 45:S16\u2013S23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2013.10.040","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"761_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-021-01705-0","volume":"48","author":"A Lari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lari A, Alherz M, Jarragh A (2022) Dissociating advances in orthopaedic trauma management from the climbing patient expectations. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 48:1487\u20131487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-021-01705-0","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"761_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.5606\/ehc.2017.05","volume":"28","author":"A\u00c7 Y\u00f6r\u00fcko\u011flu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Y\u00f6r\u00fcko\u011flu A\u00c7, Demirkan AF, Akman A et\u00a0al. (2017) The effects of radial bowing and complications in intramedullary nail fixation of adult forearm fractures. Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi 28:30\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5606\/ehc.2017.05","journal-title":"Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi"},{"key":"761_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-003-1069-4","volume":"15","author":"C Wei\u00dfer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wei\u00dfer C, Weckbach A (2003) Interlocking nailing of forearm fractures with the foresight\u2122 ulna\/radius nail. Oper Orthop Traumatol 15:151\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00064-003-1069-4","journal-title":"Oper Orthop Traumatol"},{"key":"761_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1080\/00015458.2008.11680232","volume":"108","author":"P Vis\u0144a","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vis\u0144a P, Beitl E, Piln\u00fd J et\u00a0al. (2008) Interlocking nailing of forearm fractures. Acta Chir Belg 108:333\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00015458.2008.11680232","journal-title":"Acta Chir Belg"},{"key":"761_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3944\/AOTT.2009.014","volume":"43","author":"U Ozkaya","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ozkaya U, Kili\u00e7 A, Ozdo\u011fan U et\u00a0al. (2009) Comparison between locked intramedullary nailing and plate osteosynthesis in the management of adult forearm fractures. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 43:14\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3944\/AOTT.2009.014","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"key":"761_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.83760","volume":"45","author":"H Bansal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bansal H (2011) Intramedullary fixation of forearm fractures with new locked nail. Indian J Orthop 45:410\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5413.83760","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"761_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5704\/MOJ.1207.013","volume":"6","author":"NA Lil","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lil NA, Makkar DS, Aleem AA (2012) Results of closed intramedullary nailing using talwarkar square nail in adult forearm fractures. Malays Orthop J 6:7\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5704\/MOJ.1207.013","journal-title":"Malays Orthop J"},{"key":"761_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3944\/aott.2013.3021","volume":"47","author":"G Saka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saka G, Sa\u011flam N, Kurtulmu\u015f T et\u00a0al. (2013) Interlocking intramedullary ulna nails in isolated ulna diaphyseal fractures: a retrospective study. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc 47:236\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3944\/aott.2013.3021","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"key":"761_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-013-1398-4","volume":"24","author":"G Saka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saka G, Saglam N, Kurtulmus T et\u00a0al. (2014) Treatment of isolated diaphyseal fractures of the radius with an intramedullary nail in adults. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 24:1085\u20131093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00590-013-1398-4","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"key":"761_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-014-2058-9","volume":"134","author":"A K\u00f6se","year":"2014","unstructured":"K\u00f6se A, Ayd\u0131n A, Ezirmik N et\u00a0al. (2014) Alternative treatment of forearm double fractures: new design intramedullary nail. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 134:1387\u20131396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00402-014-2058-9","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"761_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2016.138","volume":"4","author":"TA Al-Sadek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Sadek TA, Niklev D, Al-Sadek A (2016) Diaphyseal fractures of the forearm in adults, plating or intramedullary nailing is a better option for the treatment? Open Access Maced J Med Sci 4:670\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3889\/oamjms.2016.138","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"key":"761_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.5505\/tjtes.2015.87036","volume":"22","author":"A K\u00f6se","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u00f6se A, Ayd\u0131n A, Ezirmik N et\u00a0al. (2016) Intramedullary nailing of adult isolated diaphyseal radius fractures. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 22:184\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5505\/tjtes.2015.87036","journal-title":"Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg"},{"key":"761_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/2017\/690","volume":"6","author":"PA Babu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Babu PA, Rao VVN (2017) Diaphyseal fractures of ulna and radius with soft tissue breach-our experience with square nail fixation. J Evolut Med Dental Sci Jemds 6:3193\u20133196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14260\/jemds\/2017\/690","journal-title":"J Evolut Med Dental Sci Jemds"},{"key":"761_CR40","first-page":"305","volume":"85","author":"SK Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee SK, Kim YH, Kim SM, Choy WS (2019) A comparative study of three different surgical methods for both-forearm-bone fractures in adults. Acta Orthop Belg 85:305\u2013316","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"761_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2020.07.002","volume":"40","author":"E Uygur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uygur E, \u00d6zkut A, Akp\u0131nar F (2021) Synostosis after fracture of both forearm bones treated by intramedullary nailing. Hand Surg Rehabil 40:25\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hansur.2020.07.002","journal-title":"Hand Surg Rehabil"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s10195-024-00761-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s10195-024-00761-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s10195-024-00761-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T18:02:00Z","timestamp":1713031320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jorthoptraumatol.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s10195-024-00761-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s10195-024-00761-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1590-9999"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1590-9999","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors have no financial, commercial, or personal competing interests to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16"}}