{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:14:23Z","timestamp":1792671263418,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":164,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Mol Biol Lett"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-025-00732-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T03:52:08Z","timestamp":1746071528000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Potential of autophagy in subretinal fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9539-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janusz","family":"Blasiak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5373-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elzbieta","family":"Pawlowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Helotera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7227-6864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksim","family":"Ionov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7203-271X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Derwich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2600-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Kaarniranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"732_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002173420707","volume":"342","author":"SL Fine","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fine SL, Berger JW, Maguire MG, Ho AC. Age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(7):483\u201392.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00265-2","volume":"7","author":"M Fleckenstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fleckenstein M, Keenan TDL, Guymer RH, Chakravarthy U, Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Klaver CC, et al. Age-related macular degeneration. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):31.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"10","key":"732_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2021.08.011","volume":"43","author":"NM Schultz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schultz NM, Bhardwaj S, Barclay C, Gaspar L, Schwartz J. Global burden of dry age-related macular degeneration: a targeted literature review. Clin Ther. 2021;43(10):1792\u2013818.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000845","volume":"35","author":"SB Patel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Patel SB, Heier JS, Chaudhary V, Wykoff CC. Treatment of geographic atrophy: an update on data related to pegcetacoplan. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2024;35(1):64\u201372.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"732_CR5","volume-title":"Preclinical animal modeling in medicine","author":"R Jonathan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jonathan R, Paul P, Sophie P, Hollingsworth TJ, Ilyse K, Monica MJ. An overview of age-related macular degeneration: clinical, pre-clinical animal models and bidirectional translation. In: Enkhsaikhan P, Joseph FP, Lu L, editors. Preclinical animal modeling in medicine. Rijeka: IntechOpen; 2021."},{"key":"732_CR6","first-page":"83","volume":"276","author":"J Roodhooft","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roodhooft J. No efficacious treatment for age-related macular degeneration. Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol. 2000;276:83\u201392.","journal-title":"Bull Soc Belge Ophtalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"732_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.5.28","volume":"64","author":"D Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma D, Zachary I, Jia H. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular eye diseases. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2023;64(5):28.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"732_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-00973-4","volume":"13","author":"IM Leitch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Leitch IM, Gerometta M, Eichenbaum D, Finger RP, Steinle NC, Baldwin ME. Vascular endothelial growth factor C and D signaling pathways as potential targets for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a narrative review. Ophthalmol Ther. 2024;13(7):1857\u201375.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"732_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14030252","volume":"14","author":"Y Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu Y, Zhang Z, Webster KA, Paulus YM. Treatment strategies for anti-VEGF resistance in neovascular age-related macular degeneration by targeting arteriolar choroidal neovascularization. Biomolecules. 2024;14(3):252.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"732_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.11.029","volume":"38","author":"K Little","year":"2018","unstructured":"Little K, Ma JH, Yang N, Chen M, Xu H. Myofibroblasts in macular fibrosis secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration\u2014the potential sources and molecular cues for their recruitment and activation. EBioMedicine. 2018;38:283\u201391.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"732_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001043","volume":"36","author":"SJ Ahn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahn SJ, Park KH, Woo SJ. Subretinal fibrosis after antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy in eyes with myopic choroidal neovascularization. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2016;36(11):2140\u20139.","journal-title":"Retina (Philadelphia, Pa)"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-315763","volume":"105","author":"H Xiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao H, Zhao X, Li S, Sun L, Xin W, Wang Z, et al. Risk factors for subretinal fibrosis after anti-VEGF treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularisation. Br J Ophthalmol. 2021;105(1):103.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"732_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.04.030","volume":"114","author":"PK Kaiser","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kaiser PK, Blodi BA, Shapiro H, Acharya NR. Angiographic and optical coherence tomographic results of the MARINA study of ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2007;114(10):1868\u201375.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"732_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.04.021","volume":"126","author":"GL Lehmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lehmann GL, Benedicto I, Philp NJ, Rodriguez-Boulan E. Plasma membrane protein polarity and trafficking in RPE cells: past, present and future. Exp Eye Res. 2014;126:5\u201315.","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"732_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2020.01.002","volume":"101","author":"M Kapoor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kapoor M. Mechanisms of fibrosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2020;101:77.","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0040-5","volume":"19","author":"X Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao X, Kwan JYY, Yip K, Liu PP, Liu FF. Targeting metabolic dysregulation for fibrosis therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2020;19(1):57\u201375.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.05.072","volume":"162","author":"G D'Haens","year":"2022","unstructured":"D\u2019Haens G, Rieder F, Feagan BG, Higgins PDR, Pan\u00e9s J, Maaser C, et al. Challenges in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of intestinal fibrosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2022;162(1):26\u201331.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"732_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-034227","volume":"80","author":"BD Humphreys","year":"2018","unstructured":"Humphreys BD. Mechanisms of renal fibrosis. Annu Rev Physiol. 2018;80:309\u201326.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"732_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00372-7","volume":"18","author":"T Kisseleva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kisseleva T, Brenner D. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and its regression. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18(3):151\u201366.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"732_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00504-1","volume":"18","author":"B L\u00f3pez","year":"2021","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez B, Ravassa S, Moreno MU, Jos\u00e9 GS, Beaumont J, Gonz\u00e1lez A, et al. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis: mechanisms, diagnosis and therapeutic approaches. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021;18(7):479\u201398.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"732_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-042320-030240","volume":"17","author":"BJ Moss","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moss BJ, Ryter SW, Rosas IO. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Annu Rev Pathol. 2022;17:515\u201346.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"19","key":"732_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7231","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21197231","volume":"21","author":"YW Shen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shen YW, Shih YH, Fuh LJ, Shieh TM. Oral submucous fibrosis: a review on biomarkers, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatments. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(19):7231.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"732_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2022.07.006","volume":"29","author":"HE Talbott","year":"2022","unstructured":"Talbott HE, Mascharak S, Griffin M, Wan DC, Longaker MT. Wound healing, fibroblast heterogeneity, and fibrosis. Cell Stem Cell. 2022;29(8):1161\u201380.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"7835","key":"732_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2938-9","volume":"587","author":"NC Henderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Henderson NC, Rieder F, Wynn TA. Fibrosis: from mechanisms to medicines. Nature. 2020;587(7835):555\u201366.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"732_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2022.2157260","volume":"26","author":"J Blasiak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blasiak J, Kaarniranta K. Secretory autophagy: a turn key for understanding AMD pathology and developing new therapeutic targets? Exp Opin Ther Targets. 2022;26(10):883\u201395.","journal-title":"Exp Opin Ther Targets"},{"key":"732_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2022.2069437","author":"K Kaarniranta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaarniranta K, Blasiak J, Liton P, Boulton M, Klionsky DJ, Sinha D. Autophagy in age-related macular degeneration. Autophagy. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15548627.2022.2069437.","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"18","key":"732_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7993","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.47826","volume":"10","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li Y, Liu R, Wu J, Li X. Self-eating: friend or foe? The emerging role of autophagy in fibrotic diseases. Theranostics. 2020;10(18):7993\u20138017.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"3","key":"732_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2023.104166","volume":"52","author":"T Koudstaal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koudstaal T, Wijsenbeek MS. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. La Presse M\u00e9d. 2023;52(3): 104166.","journal-title":"La Presse M\u00e9d"},{"issue":"151","key":"732_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0100-2018","volume":"28","author":"V Cottin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cottin V, Wollin L, Fischer A, Quaresma M, Stowasser S, Harari S. Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: knowns and unknowns. Eur Respir Rev. 2019;28(151): 180100.","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"key":"732_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101393","volume":"70","author":"M Selman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Selman M, Pardo A. Fibroageing: an ageing pathological feature driven by dysregulated extracellular matrix-cell mechanobiology. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;70: 101393.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"732_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.12703\/P6-29","volume":"6","author":"M Singer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Singer M. Advances in the management of macular degeneration. F1000Prime Rep. 2014;6:29.","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"732_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8464","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14731","volume":"23","author":"J Blasiak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blasiak J, Watala C, Tuuminen R, Kivinen N, Koskela A, Uusitalo-J\u00e4rvinen H, et al. Expression of VEGFA-regulating miRNAs and mortality in wet AMD. J Cell Mol Med. 2019;23(12):8464\u201371.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"732_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S403242","volume":"17","author":"A Bakaliou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bakaliou A, Georgakopoulos C, Tsilimbaris M, Farmakakis N. Posterior vitreous detachment and its role in the evolution of dry to wet age related macular degeneration. Clin Ophthalmol. 2023;17:879\u201385.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"732_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.11.004","volume":"127","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spaide RF, Jaffe GJ, Sarraf D, Freund KB, Sadda SR, Staurenghi G, et al. Consensus nomenclature for reporting neovascular age-related macular degeneration data: consensus on neovascular age-related macular degeneration nomenclature study group. Ophthalmology. 2020;127(5):616\u201336.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10","key":"732_CR35","volume":"15","author":"A Kulkarni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kulkarni A, Banait S. Through the smoke: an in-depth review on cigarette smoking and its impact on ocular health. Cureus. 2023;15(10): e47779.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"7","key":"732_CR36","first-page":"635","volume":"11","author":"ML Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu ML, Quinn J, Xue K. Interactions between apolipoprotein E metabolism and retinal inflammation in age-related macular degeneration. Life (Basel). 2021;11(7):635.","journal-title":"Life (Basel)."},{"key":"732_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2022.101159","volume":"97","author":"Y Pan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan Y, Fu Y, Baird PN, Guymer RH, Das T, Iwata T. Exploring the contribution of ARMS2 and HTRA1 genetic risk factors in age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2023;97: 101159.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR38","first-page":"358","volume":"67","author":"A Roshanshad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roshanshad A, Moosavi SA, Arevalo JF. Association of the complement factor H Y402H polymorphism and response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in age-related macular degeneration: an updated meta-analysis. Ophthal Res. 2024;67(1):358\u201386.","journal-title":"Ophthal Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"732_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2147-8","volume":"73","author":"A Kauppinen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kauppinen A, Paterno JJ, Blasiak J, Salminen A, Kaarniranta K. Inflammation and its role in age-related macular degeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci CMLS. 2016;73(9):1765\u201386.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci CMLS"},{"issue":"4","key":"732_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.04.005","volume":"33","author":"I Bhutto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhutto I, Lutty G. Understanding age-related macular degeneration (AMD): relationships between the photoreceptor\/retinal pigment epithelium\/Bruch\u2019s membrane\/choriocapillaris complex. Mol Aspects Med. 2012;33(4):295\u2013317.","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"732_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2020.02.012","volume":"4","author":"SD Adrean","year":"2020","unstructured":"Adrean SD, Morgenthien E, Ghanekar A, Ali FS. Subretinal fibrosis in HARBOR varies by choroidal neovascularization subtype. Ophthalmol Retina. 2020;4(7):752\u20134.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"732_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-021-03514-8","volume":"387","author":"L Tenbrock","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tenbrock L, Wolf J, Boneva S, Schlecht A, Agostini H, Wieghofer P, et al. Subretinal fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: current concepts, therapeutic avenues, and future perspectives. Cell Tissue Res. 2022;387(3):361\u201375.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"732_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.03.046","volume":"120","author":"S Rofagha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rofagha S, Bhisitkul RB, Boyer DS, Sadda SR, Zhang K. Seven-year outcomes in ranibizumab-treated patients in ANCHOR, MARINA, and HORIZON: a multicenter cohort study (SEVEN-UP). Ophthalmology. 2013;120(11):2292\u20139.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"732_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.07.011","volume":"118","author":"PJ Rosenfeld","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rosenfeld PJ, Shapiro H, Tuomi L, Webster M, Elledge J, Blodi B. Characteristics of patients losing vision after 2 years of monthly dosing in the phase III ranibizumab clinical trials. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(3):523\u201330.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"5","key":"732_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.03.004","volume":"68","author":"I Bachmeier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bachmeier I, Armendariz BG, Yu S, J\u00e4ger RJ, Ebneter A, Glittenberg C, et al. Fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a review of definitions based on clinical imaging. Surv Ophthalmol. 2023;68(5):835\u201348.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"732_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.03.004","volume":"68","author":"I Bachmeier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bachmeier I, Armendariz BG, Yu S, J\u00e4ger RJ, Ebneter A, Glittenberg C, et al. Corrigendum to fibrosis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a review of definitions based on clinical imaging. Surv Ophthalmol. 2023;68:835\u201348.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"732_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(02)01566-0","volume":"134","author":"AH Rogers","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rogers AH, Martidis A, Greenberg PB, Puliafito CA. Optical coherence tomography findings following photodynamic therapy of choroidal neovascularization. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;134(4):566\u201376.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"732_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.03.033","volume":"252","author":"F Romano","year":"2023","unstructured":"Romano F, Cozzi E, Airaldi M, Nassisi M, Viola F, Aretti A, et al. Ten-year incidence of fibrosis and risk factors for its development in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2023;252:170\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"732_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.01.004","volume":"125","author":"E Daniel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Daniel E, Pan W, Ying GS, Kim BJ, Grunwald JE, Ferris FL 3rd, et al. Development and course of scars in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials. Ophthalmology. 2018;125(7):1037\u201346.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"12","key":"732_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002779","volume":"40","author":"KYC Teo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teo KYC, Joe AW, Nguyen V, Invernizzi A, Arnold JJ, Barthelmes D, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for the development of physician-graded subretinal fibrosis in eyes treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Retina (Philadelphia, Pa). 2020;40(12):2285\u201395.","journal-title":"Retina (Philadelphia, Pa)"},{"key":"732_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2024.05.007","author":"S Lindenberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lindenberg S, Nittala MG, Verma A, Fitzgerald MEC, Velaga SB, Bhisitkul RB, et al. Subretinal hyperreflective material in regions of atrophy and fibrosis in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Can J Ophthalmol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2024.05.007.","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"732_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16330","volume":"290","author":"F O'Leary","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary F, Campbell M. The blood-retina barrier in health and disease. FEBS J. 2023;290(4):878\u201391.","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"4","key":"732_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17934","volume":"57","author":"M Nakanishi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nakanishi M, Grebe R, Bhutto IA, Edwards M, McLeod DS, Lutty GA. Albumen transport to Bruch\u2019s membrane and RPE by Choriocapillaris caveolae. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57(4):2213\u201324.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"21","key":"732_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213453","volume":"11","author":"H Heloter\u00e4","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heloter\u00e4 H, Kaarniranta K. A linkage between angiogenesis and inflammation in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Cells. 2022;11(21):3453.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"732_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.101530","volume":"298","author":"L Moretti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moretti L, Stalfort J, Barker TH, Abebayehu D. The interplay of fibroblasts, the extracellular matrix, and inflammation in scar formation. J Biol Chem. 2022;298(2): 101530.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25189","volume":"60","author":"PK Roberts","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roberts PK, Zotter S, Montuoro A, Pircher M, Baumann B, Ritter M, et al. Identification and quantification of the angiofibrotic switch in neovascular AMD. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(1):304\u201311.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"732_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2007.12.002","volume":"27","author":"S Saika","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saika S, Yamanaka O, Sumioka T, Miyamoto T, Miyazaki K, Okada Y, et al. Fibrotic disorders in the eye: targets of gene therapy. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2008;27(2):177\u201396.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"732_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.4103\/NRR.NRR-D-23-01642","volume":"20","author":"J Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang J, Sheng X, Ding Q, Wang Y, Zhao J, Zhang J. Subretinal fibrosis secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Neural Regen Res. 2025;20(2):378\u201393.","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191279","volume":"13","author":"X Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang X, Chung JY, Rai U, Esumi N. Cadherins in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) revisited: P-cadherin is the highly dominant cadherin expressed in human and mouse RPE in vivo. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(1): e0191279.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"732_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4725","volume":"51","author":"S Tamiya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tamiya S, Liu L, Kaplan HJ. Epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition and proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells initiated upon loss of cell-cell contact. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(5):2755\u201363.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"732_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3336","volume":"19","author":"WL Tam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tam WL, Weinberg RA. The epigenetics of epithelial\u2013mesenchymal plasticity in cancer. Nat Med. 2013;19(11):1438\u201349.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"732_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2755","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4725","volume":"51","author":"S Tamiya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tamiya S, Liu L, Kaplan HJ. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells initiated upon loss of cell-cell contact. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(5):2755\u201363.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"732_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4271","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21124271","volume":"21","author":"DY Shu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shu DY, Butcher E, Saint-Geniez M. EMT and EndMT: emerging roles in age-related macular degeneration. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(12):4271.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"732_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421175","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1421175","volume":"15","author":"K Gill","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gill K, Yoo H-S, Chakravarthy H, Granville DJ, Matsubara JA. Exploring the role of granzyme B in subretinal fibrosis of age-related macular degeneration. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1421175.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"732_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020105123","volume":"40","author":"P Wieghofer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wieghofer P, Hagemeyer N, Sankowski R, Schlecht A, Staszewski O, Amann L, et al. Mapping the origin and fate of myeloid cells in distinct compartments of the eye by single-cell profiling. EMBO J. 2021;40(6): e105123.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"10","key":"732_CR66","first-page":"136","volume":"3","author":"WY Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang WY, Tan MS, Yu JT, Tan L. Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ann Transl Med. 2015;3(10):136.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"732_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2014.00123","volume":"5","author":"RT Kendall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kendall RT, Feghali-Bostwick CA. Fibroblasts in fibrosis: novel roles and mediators. Front Pharmacol. 2014;5:123.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"732_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22202","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a022202","volume":"10","author":"I Grafe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grafe I, Alexander S, Peterson JR, Snider TN, Levi B, Lee B, et al. TGF-\u03b2 family signaling in mesenchymal differentiation. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol. 2018;10(5):22202.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"732_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700156","volume":"84","author":"S Saika","year":"2004","unstructured":"Saika S, Kono-Saika S, Tanaka T, Yamanaka O, Ohnishi Y, Sato M, et al. Smad3 is required for dedifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelium following retinal detachment in mice. Lab Invest. 2004;84(10):1245\u201358.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"732_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593269","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.593269","volume":"8","author":"Z Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen Z, Zhang N, Chu HY, Yu Y, Zhang Z-K, Zhang G, et al. Connective tissue growth factor: from molecular understandings to drug discovery. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:593269.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"732_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2019.04.027","volume":"184","author":"N Daftarian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Daftarian N, Rohani S, Kanavi MR, Suri F, Mirrahimi M, Hafezi-Moghadam A, et al. Effects of intravitreal connective tissue growth factor neutralizing antibody on choroidal neovascular membrane-associated subretinal fibrosis. Exp Eye Res. 2019;184:286\u201395.","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"key":"732_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2019.07.018","volume":"17","author":"Y Matsuda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matsuda Y, Nonaka Y, Futakawa S, Imai H, Akita K, Nishihata T, et al. Anti-angiogenic and anti-scarring dual action of an anti-fibroblast growth factor 2 aptamer in animal models of retinal disease. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2019;17:819\u201328.","journal-title":"Mol Ther Nucleic Acids"},{"issue":"2","key":"732_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-21-1418","volume":"14","author":"T Arai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arai T, Hirose M, Kagawa T, Hatsuda K, Inoue Y. Platelet-derived growth factor can predict survival and acute exacerbation in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Thorac Dis. 2022;14(2):278\u201394.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"732_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9072242","volume":"9","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Y, Noda K, Murata M, Wu D, Kanda A, Ishida S. Blockade of platelet-derived growth factor signaling inhibits choroidal neovascularization and subretinal fibrosis in mice. J Clin Med. 2020;9(7):2242.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"732_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03308-6","author":"BG Armendariz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Armendariz BG, Chakravarthy U. Fibrosis in age-related neovascular macular degeneration in the anti-VEGF era. Eye (Lond). 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41433-024-03308-6.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"732_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.4.1104","volume":"140","author":"LF Brown","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brown LF, Dvorak AM, Dvorak HF. Leaky vessels, fibrin deposition, and fibrosis: a sequence of events common to solid tumors and to many other types of disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989;140(4):1104\u20137.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"732_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G950","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00132.2011","volume":"301","author":"TN Wight","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wight TN, Potter-Perigo S. The extracellular matrix: an active or passive player in fibrosis? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2011;301(6):G950\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"732_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.896274","volume":"13","author":"T Akter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akter T, Annamalai B, Obert E, Simpson KN, Rohrer B. Dabigatran and wet AMD, results from retinal pigment epithelial cell monolayers, the mouse model of choroidal neovascularization, and patients from the medicare data base. Front Immunol. 2022;13: 896274.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"732_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.16681","volume":"102","author":"H Heloter\u00e4","year":"2024","unstructured":"Heloter\u00e4 H, Siintamo L, Kivinen N, Abrahamsson N, Aaltonen V, Kaarniranta K. Analysis of prognostic and predictive factors in neovascular age-related macular degeneration Kuopio cohort. Acta Ophthalmol. 2024;102(6):703\u201313.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"732_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.86608","volume":"2","author":"BS Shea","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shea BS, Probst CK, Brazee PL, Rotile NJ, Blasi F, Weinreb PH, et al. Uncoupling of the profibrotic and hemostatic effects of thrombin in lung fibrosis. JCI Insight. 2017;2(9): e86608.","journal-title":"JCI Insight."},{"issue":"3","key":"732_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030687","volume":"10","author":"AE Pouw","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pouw AE, Greiner MA, Coussa RG, Jiao C, Han IC, Skeie JM, et al. Cell-matrix interactions in the eye: from cornea to choroid. Cells. 2021;10(3):687.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"732_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2014.112","volume":"22","author":"T Nakama","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nakama T, Yoshida S, Ishikawa K, Kobayashi Y, Zhou Y, Nakao S, et al. Inhibition of choroidal fibrovascular membrane formation by new class of RNA interference therapeutic agent targeting periostin. Gene Ther. 2015;22(2):127\u201337.","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"732_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-6657-4_12","volume":"1132","author":"S Yoshida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoshida S, Umeno Y, Haruta M. Periostin in eye diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1132:113\u201324.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"732_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060087","DOI":"10.3389\/fopht.2022.1060087","volume":"2","author":"F Higashijima","year":"2023","unstructured":"Higashijima F, Hasegawa M, Yoshimoto T, Kobayashi Y, Wakuta M, Kimura K. Molecular mechanisms of TGF\u03b2-mediated EMT of retinal pigment epithelium in subretinal fibrosis of age-related macular degeneration. Front Ophthalmol. 2023;2:1060087.","journal-title":"Front Ophthalmol"},{"key":"732_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106250","volume":"185","author":"D Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu D, Zhang C, Zhang J, Xu G-T, Zhang J. Molecular pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis in neovascular AMD focusing on epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of retinal pigment epithelium. Neurobiol Dis. 2023;185: 106250.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"732_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bea.2024.100118","volume":"7","author":"JC Ku","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ku JC, Raiten J, Li Y. Understanding fibrosis: mechanisms, clinical implications, current therapies, and prospects for future interventions. Biomed Eng Adv. 2024;7: 100118.","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Adv"},{"key":"732_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.04.004","volume":"142","author":"S Roy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roy S, Amin S, Roy S. Retinal fibrosis in diabetic retinopathy. Exp Eye Res. 2016;142:71\u20135.","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20881","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78093-9","volume":"10","author":"GW Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee GW, Lee SE, Han SH, Kim SJ, Kang SW. Characteristics of secondary epiretinal membrane due to peripheral break. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):20881.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"732_CR89","first-page":"91","volume":"9","author":"E Tsotridou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsotridou E, Loukovitis E, Zapsalis K, Pentara I, Asteriadis S, Tranos P, et al. A review of last decade developments on epiretinal membrane pathogenesis. Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol J. 2020;9(2):91\u2013110.","journal-title":"Med Hypothesis Discov Innov Ophthalmol J"},{"issue":"4","key":"732_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03576-2","volume":"39","author":"M Ketkar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ketkar M, Dave VP, de Ribot FM, Sallam AB, Shettigar MP, Hsieh YT, et al. Vitreomacular traction\u2014a review. Eye (Lond). 2025;39(4):710\u20137.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"7","key":"732_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1154","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14746","volume":"99","author":"E Maggio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maggio E, Maraone G, Mete M, Vingolo EM, Grenga PL, Guerriero M, et al. The prevalence of vitreomacular adhesion in eyes with macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion selected for intravitreal injections. Acta Ophthalmol. 2021;99(7):e1154\u201361.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"732_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3129\/i08-007","volume":"43","author":"CM Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang CM, Su PY, Yeh PT, Chen MS. Combined rhegmatogenous and traction retinal detachment in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: clinical manifestations and surgical outcome. Can J Ophthalmol. 2008;43(2):192\u20138.","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"732_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1399-9_48","volume":"664","author":"PC Kothary","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kothary PC, Badhwar J, Weng C, Del Monte MA. Impaired intracellular signaling may allow up-regulation of CTGF-synthesis and secondary peri-retinal fibrosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells from patients with age-related macular degeneration. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;664:419\u201328.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"732_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2022.2043079","volume":"30","author":"ET Cunningham Jr","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cunningham ET Jr, Smit DP, Zierhut M. Subretinal Fibrosis in Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2022;30(2):263\u20134.","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"issue":"19","key":"732_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2021108863","volume":"40","author":"DJ Klionsky","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klionsky DJ, Petroni G, Amaravadi RK, Baehrecke EH, Ballabio A, Boya P, et al. Autophagy in major human diseases. EMBO J. 2021;40(19): e108863.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"3","key":"732_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00529-z","volume":"24","author":"L Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang L, Klionsky DJ, Shen H-M. The emerging mechanisms and functions of microautophagy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2023;24(3):186\u2013203.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4928","key":"732_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2799391","volume":"246","author":"HL Chiang","year":"1989","unstructured":"Chiang HL, Terlecky SR, Plant CP, Dice JF. A role for a 70-kilodalton heat shock protein in lysosomal degradation of intracellular proteins. Science (New York, NY). 1989;246(4928):382\u20135.","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"issue":"5274","key":"732_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5274.501","volume":"273","author":"AM Cuervo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cuervo AM, Dice JF. A receptor for the selective uptake and degradation of proteins by lysosomes. Science (New York, NY). 1996;273(5274):501\u20133.","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200909-102JS","volume":"7","author":"E Bejarano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bejarano E, Cuervo AM. Chaperone-mediated autophagy. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2010;7(1):29\u201339.","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"732_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072576","volume":"21","author":"S Buratta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buratta S, Tancini B, Sagini K, Delo F, Chiaradia E, Urbanelli L, et al. Lysosomal exocytosis, exosome release and secretory autophagy: the autophagic- and endo-lysosomal systems go extracellular. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(7):2576.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5031","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40680-5","volume":"14","author":"W Liang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang W, Sagar S, Ravindran R, Najor RH, Quiles JM, Chi L, et al. Mitochondria are secreted in extracellular vesicles when lysosomal function is impaired. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):5031.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2013.168","volume":"24","author":"Y Feng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feng Y, He D, Yao Z, Klionsky DJ. The machinery of macroautophagy. Cell Res. 2014;24(1):24\u201341.","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"732_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2016.49.8.081","volume":"49","author":"YK Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee YK, Lee JA. Role of the mammalian ATG8\/LC3 family in autophagy: differential and compensatory roles in the spatiotemporal regulation of autophagy. BMB Rep. 2016;49(8):424\u201330.","journal-title":"BMB Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"732_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2017.01.001","volume":"27","author":"Z Deng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deng Z, Purtell K, Lachance V, Wold MS, Chen S, Yue Z. Autophagy receptors and neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Cell Biol. 2017;27(7):491\u2013504.","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"732_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00668-x","volume":"25","author":"R Jahn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jahn R, Cafiso DC, Tamm LK. Mechanisms of SNARE proteins in membrane fusion. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2024;25(2):101\u201318.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"732_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2979","volume":"16","author":"A Stolz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stolz A, Ernst A, Dikic I. Cargo recognition and trafficking in selective autophagy. Nat Cell Biol. 2014;16(6):495\u2013501.","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"23","key":"732_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4701","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.398","volume":"30","author":"N Dupont","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dupont N, Jiang S, Pilli M, Ornatowski W, Bhattacharya D, Deretic V. Autophagy-based unconventional secretory pathway for extracellular delivery of IL-1\u03b2. EMBO J. 2011;30(23):4701\u201311.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"732_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2018.03.012","volume":"83","author":"A Claude-Taupin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Claude-Taupin A, Bissa B, Jia J, Gu Y, Deretic V. Role of autophagy in IL-1\u03b2 export and release from cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2018;83:36\u201341.","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"732_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13344","volume":"95","author":"K Kaarniranta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaarniranta K, Petrovski G, Kauppinen A. The Nobel Prized cellular target autophagy in eye diseases. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95(4):335\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"732_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.16744","author":"JMT Hyttinen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hyttinen JMT, Koskela A, Blasiak J, Kaarniranta K. Autophagy in drusen biogenesis secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.16744.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.453","volume":"8","author":"N Golestaneh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Golestaneh N, Chu Y, Xiao Y-Y, Stoleru GL, Theos AC. Dysfunctional autophagy in RPE, a contributing factor in age-related macular degeneration. Cell Death Dis. 2018;8(1): e2537.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"732_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.627837","volume":"12","author":"H Tirichen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tirichen H, Yaigoub H, Xu W, Wu C, Li R, Li Y. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and their contribution in chronic kidney disease progression through oxidative stress. Front Physiol. 2021;12: 627837.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"732_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12061183","volume":"12","author":"R Pinelli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pinelli R, Ferrucci M, Biagioni F, Berti C, Bumah VV, Busceti CL, et al. Autophagy activation promoted by pulses of light and phytochemicals counteracting oxidative stress during age-related macular degeneration. Antioxidants. 2023;12(6):1183.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"7","key":"732_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12071368","volume":"12","author":"M Nita","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nita M, Grzybowski A. Antioxidative role of heterophagy, autophagy, and mitophagy in the retina and their association with the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) etiopathogenesis. Antioxidants. 2023;12(7):1368.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"732_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.023","volume":"224","author":"C Wen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wen C, Yu X, Zhu J, Zeng J, Kuang X, Zhang Y, et al. Gastrodin ameliorates oxidative stress-induced RPE damage by facilitating autophagy and phagocytosis through PPAR\u03b1-TFEB\/CD36 signal pathway. Free Radic Biol Med. 2024;224:103\u201316.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6150","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50500-z","volume":"15","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Sharma R, Bammidi S, Koontz V, Nemani M, Yazdankhah M, et al. The AKT2\/SIRT5\/TFEB pathway as a potential therapeutic target in non-neovascular AMD. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):6150.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"732_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.16744","volume":"102","author":"JMT Hyttinen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hyttinen JMT, Koskela A, Blasiak J, Kaarniranta K. Autophagy in drusen biogenesis secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol. 2024;102(7):759\u201372.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"732_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2024.102463","volume":"76","author":"KA Vessey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vessey KA, Jobling AI, Greferath U, Fletcher EL. Pharmaceutical therapies targeting autophagy for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2024;76: 102463.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-03937-7","volume":"21","author":"LM Khachigian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khachigian LM, Liew G, Teo KYC, Wong TY, Mitchell P. Emerging therapeutic strategies for unmet need in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. J Transl Med. 2023;21(1):133.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"732_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-120219-035530","volume":"37","author":"T Lamark","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lamark T, Johansen T. Mechanisms of Selective Autophagy. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2021;37:143\u201369.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"732_CR121","first-page":"228","volume":"23","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Cross SD, Stanton JB, Marmorstein AD, Le YZ, Marmorstein LY. Early AMD-like defects in the RPE and retinal degeneration in aged mice with RPE-specific deletion of Atg5 or Atg7. Mol Vis. 2017;23:228\u201341.","journal-title":"Mol Vis"},{"key":"732_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7901270","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7901270","volume":"2020","author":"S Abokyi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abokyi S, To C-H, Lam TT, Tse DY. Central role of oxidative stress in age-related macular degeneration: evidence from a review of the molecular mechanisms and animal models. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:7901270.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"11","key":"732_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.36184","volume":"10","author":"SK Mitter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mitter SK, Song C, Qi X, Mao H, Rao H, Akin D, et al. Dysregulated autophagy in the RPE is associated with increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and AMD. Autophagy. 2014;10(11):1989\u20132005.","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1159\/000492886","volume":"49","author":"N Piippo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Piippo N, Korhonen E, Hytti M, Kinnunen K, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Oxidative stress is the principal contributor to inflammasome activation in retinal pigment epithelium cells with defunct proteasomes and autophagy. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;49(1):359\u201367.","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"4269","key":"732_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1126\/science.982063","volume":"194","author":"MM LaVail","year":"1976","unstructured":"LaVail MM. Rod outer segment disk shedding in rat retina: relationship to cyclic lighting. Science (New York, NY). 1976;194(4269):1071\u20134.","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"732_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101735","volume":"81","author":"J Blasiak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blasiak J, Sobczuk P, Pawlowska E, Kaarniranta K. Interplay between aging and other factors of the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Ageing Res Rev. 2022;81: 101735.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"732_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11111318","volume":"11","author":"JJ Paterno","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paterno JJ, Koskela A, Hyttinen JMT, Vattulainen E, Synowiec E, Tuuminen R, et al. Autophagy genes for wet age-related macular degeneration in a finnish case-control study. Genes. 2020;11(11):1318.","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"732_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347286","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1347286","volume":"12","author":"J Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song J, Xiao L, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Kouis P, Rasmussen LJ, et al. Effects of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction on reproductive aging. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2024;12:1347286.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2005.8.3","volume":"8","author":"JJ Lemasters","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lemasters JJ. Selective mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy, as a targeted defense against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aging. Rejuvenation Res. 2005;8(1):3\u20135.","journal-title":"Rejuvenation Res"},{"issue":"42","key":"732_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4439","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1405752111","volume":"111","author":"YC Wong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wong YC, Holzbaur EL. Optineurin is an autophagy receptor for damaged mitochondria in parkin-mediated mitophagy that is disrupted by an ALS-linked mutation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111(42):E4439\u201348.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"732_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.09.011","volume":"20","author":"S Felszeghy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Felszeghy S, Viiri J, Paterno JJ, Hyttinen JMT, Koskela A, Chen M, et al. Loss of NRF-2 and PGC-1alpha genes leads to retinal pigment epithelium damage resembling dry age-related macular degeneration. Redox Biol. 2019;20:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"732_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061976","volume":"21","author":"I Sridevi Gurubaran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sridevi Gurubaran I, Viiri J, Koskela A, Hyttinen JMT, Paterno JJ, Kis G, et al. Mitophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium of dry age-related macular degeneration investigated in the NFE2L2\/PGC-1\u03b1(\u2212\/\u2212) mouse model. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(6):1976.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31213-7","volume":"13","author":"HWS Tan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan HWS, Lu G, Dong H, Cho YL, Natalia A, Wang L, et al. A degradative to secretory autophagy switch mediates mitochondria clearance in the absence of the mATG8-conjugation machinery. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):3720.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"732_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.01.017","volume":"11","author":"J Konig","year":"2017","unstructured":"Konig J, Ott C, Hugo M, Jung T, Bulteau AL, Grune T, et al. Mitochondrial contribution to lipofuscin formation. Redox Biol. 2017;11:673\u201381.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"5698","key":"732_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099993","volume":"306","author":"T Shintani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shintani T, Klionsky DJ. Autophagy in health and disease: a double-edged sword. Science (New York, NY). 2004;306(5698):990\u20135.","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"issue":"8","key":"732_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2019.0112","volume":"36","author":"Q Bo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bo Q, Shen M, Xiao M, Liang J, Zhai Y, Zhu H, et al. 3-methyladenine alleviates experimental subretinal fibrosis by inhibiting macrophages and M2 polarization through the PI3K\/Akt pathway. J Ocular Pharmacol Therap. 2020;36(8):618\u201328.","journal-title":"J Ocular Pharmacol Therap"},{"key":"732_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142727.mb2801s70","volume":"70","author":"J Xu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xu J. Preparation, culture, and immortalization of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Curr Protoc Mol Biol. 2005;70:28.","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"732_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.11.158","volume":"508","author":"A Nitta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nitta A, Hori K, Tanida I, Igarashi A, Deyama Y, Ueno T, et al. Blocking LC3 lipidation and ATG12 conjugation reactions by ATG7 mutant protein containing C572S. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019;508(2):521\u20136.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"732_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.30575","volume":"15","author":"H Feng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feng H, Zhao X, Guo Q, Feng Y, Ma M, Guo W, et al. Autophagy resists EMT process to maintain retinal pigment epithelium homeostasis. Int J Biol Sci. 2019;15(3):507\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"732_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2012.12.002","volume":"1835","author":"R Scatena","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scatena R, Bottoni P, Giardina B. Circulating tumour cells and cancer stem cells A role for proteomics in defining the interrelationships between function, phenotype and differentiation with potential clinical applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2013;1835(5):129\u201343.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"732_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14998","volume":"24","author":"Q Miao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miao Q, Xu Y, Yin H, Zhang H, Ye J. KRT8 phosphorylation regulates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelial cells through autophagy modulation. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24(5):3217\u201328.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"732_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-24132","volume":"59","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghosh S, Shang P, Terasaki H, Stepicheva N, Hose S, Yazdankhah M, et al. A role for \u03b2A3\/A1-crystallin in type 2 EMT of RPE cells occurring in dry age-related macular degeneration. Investig Ophthalmol Visual Sci. 2018;59(4):104\u201313.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Visual Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"732_CR143","first-page":"3607","volume":"17","author":"J Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu J, Chen X, Liu X, Huang S, He C, Chen B, et al. Autophagy regulates TGF-\u03b22-induced epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition in human retinal pigment epithelium cells. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17(3):3607\u201314.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"732_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.4.598","volume":"122","author":"MA Zarbin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zarbin MA. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol (Chicago, Ill\u202f: 1960). 2004;122(4):598\u2013614.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol (Chicago, Ill : 1960)"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2009.08.003","volume":"29","author":"JC Booij","year":"2010","unstructured":"Booij JC, Baas DC, Beisekeeva J, Gorgels TG, Bergen AA. The dynamic nature of Bruch\u2019s membrane. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010;29(1):1\u201318.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"732_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4982","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3639","volume":"50","author":"DS McLeod","year":"2009","unstructured":"McLeod DS, Grebe R, Bhutto I, Merges C, Baba T, Lutty GA. Relationship between RPE and choriocapillaris in age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50(10):4982\u201391.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"732_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.100969","volume":"85","author":"SM George","year":"2021","unstructured":"George SM, Lu F, Rao M, Leach LL, Gross JM. The retinal pigment epithelium: Development, injury responses, and regenerative potential in mammalian and non-mammalian systems. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2021;85: 100969.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"732_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2021.01.003","volume":"100\u2013101","author":"F Migneault","year":"2021","unstructured":"Migneault F, H\u00e9bert MJ. Autophagy, tissue repair, and fibrosis: a delicate balance. Matrix Biol. 2021;100\u2013101:182\u201396.","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"732_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2021.04.001","volume":"100\u2013101","author":"T Neill","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neill T, Kapoor A, Xie C, Buraschi S, Iozzo RV. A functional outside-in signaling network of proteoglycans and matrix molecules regulating autophagy. Matrix Biol. 2021;100\u2013101:118\u201349.","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"issue":"30","key":"732_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4583","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.5b00653","volume":"54","author":"T Neill","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neill T, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV. Decoding the matrix: instructive roles of proteoglycan receptors. Biochemistry. 2015;54(30):4583\u201398.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13963","volume":"284","author":"L Schaefer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schaefer L, Tredup C, Gubbiotti MA, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan neofunctions: regulation of inflammation and autophagy in cancer biology. FEBS J. 2017;284(1):10\u201326.","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"issue":"9","key":"732_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2023.09.12","volume":"16","author":"HW Ren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ren HW, Yu W, Wang YN, Zhang XY, Song SQ, Gong SY, et al. Effects of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine on a diabetic mice model. Int J Ophthalmol. 2023;16(9):1456\u201364.","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"732_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041684","volume":"22","author":"J Blasiak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blasiak J, Koskela A, Pawlowska E, Liukkonen M, Ruuth J, Toropainen E, et al. Epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition and senescence in the retinal pigment epithelium of NFE2L2\/PGC-1\u03b1 double knock-out mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(4):1684.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"732_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.13.9","volume":"64","author":"AC Acosta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Acosta AC, Joud H, Sun M, Avila MY, Margo CE, Espana EM. Keratocyte-derived myofibroblasts: functional differences with their fibroblast precursors. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2023;64(13):9.","journal-title":"Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"732_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-016-9371-8","volume":"33","author":"K Kaarniranta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kaarniranta K, Tokarz P, Koskela A, Paterno J, Blasiak J. Autophagy regulates death of retinal pigment epithelium cells in age-related macular degeneration. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2017;33(2):113\u201328.","journal-title":"Cell Biol Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"732_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25166","volume":"10","author":"G Zou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zou G, Que L, Liu Y, Lu Q. Interplay of endothelial-mesenchymal transition, inflammation, and autophagy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis. Heliyon. 2024;10(3): e25166.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"732_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175346662211409","DOI":"10.1177\/17534666221140972","volume":"16","author":"YL Yue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yue YL, Zhang MY, Liu JY, Fang LJ, Qu YQ. The role of autophagy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapies. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2022;16:17534666221140972.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Respir Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"732_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1820-x","volume":"10","author":"C Hill","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hill C, Li J, Liu D, Conforti F, Brereton CJ, Yao L, et al. Autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition augments local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Death Dis. 2019;10(8):591.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"732_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2021.09.008","volume":"9","author":"C Hill","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hill C, Wang Y. Autophagy in pulmonary fibrosis: friend or foe? Genes Dis. 2022;9(6):1594\u2013607.","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"732_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2021.06.002","volume":"100\u2013101","author":"L Schaefer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schaefer L, Dikic I. Autophagy: instructions from the extracellular matrix. Matrix Biol. 2021;100\u2013101:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"issue":"16","key":"732_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5934","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165934","volume":"21","author":"L Garc\u00eda-Onrubia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Onrubia L, Valent\u00edn-Bravo FJ, Coco-Martin RM, Gonz\u00e1lez-Sarmiento R, Pastor JC, Usategui-Mart\u00edn R, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(16):5934.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"732_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI31030","volume":"117","author":"M Friedlander","year":"2007","unstructured":"Friedlander M. Fibrosis and diseases of the eye. J Clin Investig. 2007;117(3):576\u201386.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"2","key":"732_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2022-0046","volume":"22","author":"JR Miller","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miller JR, Hanumunthadu D. Inflammatory eye disease: an overview of clinical presentation and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2022;22(2):100\u20133.","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"732_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4404","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24601-y","volume":"12","author":"A Zehender","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zehender A, Li Y-N, Lin N-Y, Stefanica A, N\u00fcchel J, Chen C-W, et al. TGF\u03b2 promotes fibrosis by MYST1-dependent epigenetic regulation of autophagy. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):4404.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["Cellular &amp; Molecular Biology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s11658-025-00732-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s11658-025-00732-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s11658-025-00732-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T08:25:56Z","timestamp":1746519956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cmbl.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s11658-025-00732-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"references-count":164,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11658-025-00732-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1689-1392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1689-1392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and its publication in Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"54"}}