{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:36:40Z","timestamp":1792787800590,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":89,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82301862"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301862"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82201834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201834"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the University Natural Foundation of Anhui Educational Committee","award":["2022AH010072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022AH010072"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","award":["2208085QH233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2208085QH233"]}]},{"name":"the Basic and Clinical Cooperative Research Promotion Program of Anhui Medical University","award":["2021xkjT030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021xkjT030"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03xb04968","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Key Discipline Construction Fund of the Leading Hospital Project at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University","award":["060201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["060201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03t1yn780","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Mol Biol Lett"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s11658-026-00972-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T10:26:10Z","timestamp":1783074370000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["O-GlcNAc transferase governs spermatogenic mitotic-to-meiotic transition and progression by coordinating transcription and alternative splicing programs"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiyun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiqin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanxi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuokuo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiru","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qunshan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxia","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huifen","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"972_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-025-01509-5","volume":"32","author":"C Yi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yi C, Kitamura Y, Maezawa S, Namekawa SH, Cairns BR. ZBTB16\/PLZF regulates juvenile spermatogonial stem cell development through an extensive transcription factor poising network. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2025;32:1213\u201326.","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"972_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.4161\/spmg.1.3.17760","volume":"1","author":"L Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang L, Tang J, Haines CJ, Feng HL, Lai L, Teng X, et al. c-kit and its related genes in spermatogonial differentiation. Spermatogenesis. 2011;1:186\u201394.","journal-title":"Spermatogenesis"},{"key":"972_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14976","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807297105","volume":"105","author":"EL Anderson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anderson EL, Baltus AE, Roepers-Gajadien HL, Hassold TJ, de Rooij DG, van Pelt AM, et al. Stra8 and its inducer, retinoic acid, regulate meiotic initiation in both spermatogenesis and oogenesis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:14976\u201380.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"972_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002701","volume":"8","author":"CG Bisig","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bisig CG, Guiraldelli MF, Kouznetsova A, Scherthan H, Hoog C, Dawson DS, et al. Synaptonemal complex components persist at centromeres and are required for homologous centromere pairing in mouse spermatocytes. PLoS Genet. 2012;8:e1002701.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"972_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12258","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.25.12258","volume":"91","author":"Y Fujiwara","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fujiwara Y, Komiya T, Kawabata H, Sato M, Fujimoto H, Furusawa M, et al. Isolation of a DEAD-family protein gene that encodes a murine homolog of Drosophila vasa and its specific expression in germ cell lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994;91:12258\u201362.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"972_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2723","volume":"11","author":"MA Handel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Handel MA, Schimenti JC. Genetics of mammalian meiosis: regulation, dynamics and impact on fertility. Nat Rev Genet. 2010;11:124\u201336.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"429\u201345","key":"972_CR7","volume":"52","author":"KI Ishiguro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ishiguro KI, Matsuura K, Tani N, Takeda N, Usuki S, Yamane M, et al. MEIOSIN directs the switch from mitosis to meiosis in mammalian germ cells. Dev Cell. 2020;52(429\u201345):e10.","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"972_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2023.12.006","volume":"40","author":"J Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao J, Qin Y, Schimenti JC. Gene regulation during meiosis. Trends Genet. 2024;40:326\u201336.","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"972_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq2945","volume":"8","author":"B Qian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qian B, Li Y, Yan R, Han S, Bu Z, Gong J, et al. RNA binding protein RBM46 regulates mitotic-to-meiotic transition in spermatogenesis. Sci Adv. 2022;8:eabq2945.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"972_CR10","first-page":"51","volume":"14","author":"Y Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv Y, Lu G, Cai Y, Su R, Liang L, Wang X, et al. RBM46 is essential for gametogenesis and functions in post-transcriptional roles affecting meiotic cohesin subunits. Protein Cell. 2023;14:51\u201363.","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"972_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010416","volume":"18","author":"NJ Peart","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peart NJ, Johnson TA, Lee S, Sears MJ, Yang F, Quesnel-Vallieres M, et al. The germ cell-specific RNA binding protein RBM46 is essential for spermatogonial differentiation in mice. PLoS Genet. 2022;18:e1010416.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"972_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailey AS, Batista PJ, Gold RS, Chen YG, de Rooij DG, Chang HY, et al. The conserved RNA helicase YTHDC2 regulates the transition from proliferation to differentiation in the germline. Elife 2017;6.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.26116"},{"key":"972_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2022.03.006","volume":"57","author":"S Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun S, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Pan H, Li X, Yang L, et al. Znhit1 controls meiotic initiation in male germ cells by coordinating with Stra8 to activate meiotic gene expression. Dev Cell. 2022;57:901-13 e4.","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"972_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4197","DOI":"10.1038\/s44318-024-00203-4","volume":"43","author":"S Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng S, Gui Y, Yin S, Xiong X, Liu K, Li J, et al. Histone demethylase KDM2A recruits HCFC1 and E2F1 to orchestrate male germ cell meiotic entry and progression. EMBO J. 2024;43:4197\u2013227.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"972_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.22","volume":"18","author":"X Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang X, Qian K. Protein O-GlcNAcylation: emerging mechanisms and functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2017;18:452\u201365.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"972_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50380-5","volume":"267","author":"RS Haltiwanger","year":"1992","unstructured":"Haltiwanger RS, Blomberg MA, Hart GW. Glycosylation of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Purification and characterization of a uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1992;267:9005\u201313.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"972_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32170-1","volume":"269","author":"DL Dong","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dong DL, Hart GW. Purification and characterization of an O-GlcNAc selective N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from rat spleen cytosol. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:19321\u201330.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"972_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3114","volume":"11","author":"C Slawson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Slawson C, Hart GW. O-GlcNAc signalling: implications for cancer cell biology. Nat Rev Cancer. 2011;11:678\u201384.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"972_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-021-00810-4","volume":"8","author":"E Wulff-Fuentes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wulff-Fuentes E, Berendt RR, Massman L, Danner L, Malard F, Vora J, et al. The human O-GlcNAcome database and meta-analysis. Sci Data. 2021;8:25.","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"972_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222278","volume":"337","author":"W Yi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yi W, Clark PM, Mason DE, Keenan MC, Hill C, Goddard WA 3rd, et al. Phosphofructokinase 1 glycosylation regulates cell growth and metabolism. Science. 2012;337:975\u201380.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"972_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06668","volume":"451","author":"X Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang X, Ongusaha PP, Miles PD, Havstad JC, Zhang F, So WV, et al. Phosphoinositide signalling links O-GlcNAc transferase to insulin resistance. Nature. 2008;451:964\u20139.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"972_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.797","volume":"8","author":"SA Yuzwa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yuzwa SA, Shan X, Macauley MS, Clark T, Skorobogatko Y, Vosseller K, et al. Increasing O-GlcNAc slows neurodegeneration and stabilizes tau against aggregation. Nat Chem Biol. 2012;8:393\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"972_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.05.003","volume":"46","author":"TS Pinho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pinho TS, Verde DM, Correia SC, Cardoso SM, Moreira PI. O-GlcNAcylation and neuronal energy status: Implications for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ageing Res Rev. 2018;46:32\u201341.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"972_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01433-x","volume":"9","author":"Z Qian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qian Z, Li C, Zhao S, Zhang H, Ma R, Ge X, et al. Age-related elevation of O-GlcNAc causes meiotic arrest in male mice. Cell Death Discov. 2023;9:163.","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"972_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57980-7","volume":"16","author":"Q Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu Q, Lu X, Deng Y, Zhang H, Wei R, Li H, et al. Global characterization of mouse testis O-glycoproteome landscape during spermatogenesis. Nat Commun. 2025;16:2676.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"972_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5735","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.100471497","volume":"97","author":"R Shafi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shafi R, Iyer SP, Ellies LG, O\u2019Donnell N, Marek KW, Chui D, et al. The O-GlcNAc transferase gene resides on the X chromosome and is essential for embryonic stem cell viability and mouse ontogeny. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97:5735\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"972_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24608","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300036200","volume":"278","author":"SP Iyer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Iyer SP, Hart GW. Roles of the tetratricopeptide repeat domain in O-GlcNAc transferase targeting and protein substrate specificity. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:24608\u201316.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"972_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09638","volume":"469","author":"MB Lazarus","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lazarus MB, Nam Y, Jiang J, Sliz P, Walker S. Structure of human O-GlcNAc transferase and its complex with a peptide substrate. Nature. 2011;469:564\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"972_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(84)90416-1","volume":"37","author":"PW Ingham","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ingham PW. A gene that regulates the bithorax complex differentially in larval and adult cells of Drosophila. Cell. 1984;37:815\u201323.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"972_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-213X-9-28","volume":"9","author":"DM Webster","year":"2009","unstructured":"Webster DM, Teo CF, Sun Y, Wloga D, Gay S, Klonowski KD, et al. O-GlcNAc modifications regulate cell survival and epiboly during zebrafish development. BMC Dev Biol. 2009;9:28.","journal-title":"BMC Dev Biol"},{"key":"972_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010273","volume":"18","author":"D Konzman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Konzman D, Fukushige T, Dagnachew M, Krause M, Hanover JA. O-GlcNAc transferase plays a non-catalytic role in C. elegans male fertility. PLoS Genet. 2022;18:e1010273.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"972_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4559","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1962-22.2023","volume":"43","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, Wei K, Qu W, Wang M, Zhu Q, Dong X, et al. Ogt deficiency induces abnormal cerebellar function and behavioral deficits of adult mice through modulating RhoA\/ROCK signaling. J Neurosci. 2023;43:4559\u201379.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"972_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8948","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.771030","volume":"292","author":"K Vaidyanathan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vaidyanathan K, Niranjan T, Selvan N, Teo CF, May M, Patel S, et al. Identification and characterization of a missense mutation in the O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase gene that segregates with X-linked intellectual disability. J Biol Chem. 2017;292:8948\u201363.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"972_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12621","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.790097","volume":"292","author":"AP Willems","year":"2017","unstructured":"Willems AP, Gundogdu M, Kempers MJE, Giltay JC, Pfundt R, Elferink M, et al. Mutations in N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase in patients with X-linked intellectual disability. J Biol Chem. 2017;292:12621\u201331.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"972_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12219","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1016","volume":"48","author":"R Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo R, Xu Y, Leu NA, Zhang L, Fuchs SY, Ye L, et al. The ssDNA-binding protein MEIOB acts as a dosage-sensitive regulator of meiotic recombination. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48:12219\u201333.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"972_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i884","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","volume":"34","author":"S Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen S, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Gu J. fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor. Bioinformatics. 2018;34:i884\u201390.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"972_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3317","volume":"12","author":"D Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim D, Langmead B, Salzberg SL. HISAT: a fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements. Nat Methods. 2015;12:357\u201360.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"972_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","unstructured":"Love MI, Huber W, Anders S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 2014;15:550.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"972_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5593","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1419161111","volume":"111","author":"S Shen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shen S, Park JW, Lu ZX, Lin L, Henry MD, Wu YN, et al. rMATS: robust and flexible detection of differential alternative splicing from replicate RNA-Seq data. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111:E5593\u2013601.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3573\u201387","key":"972_CR40","volume":"184","author":"Y Hao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hao Y, Hao S, Andersen-Nissen E, Mauck WM 3rd, Zheng S, Butler A, et al. Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data. Cell. 2021;184(3573\u201387):e29.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"329\u201337","key":"972_CR41","volume":"8","author":"CS McGinnis","year":"2019","unstructured":"McGinnis CS, Murrow LM, Gartner ZJ. DoubletFinder: doublet detection in single-cell RNA sequencing data using artificial nearest neighbors. Cell Syst. 2019;8(329\u201337):e4.","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"key":"972_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0276-y","volume":"20","author":"D Aran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aran D, Looney AP, Liu L, Wu E, Fong V, Hsu A, et al. Reference-based analysis of lung single-cell sequencing reveals a transitional profibrotic macrophage. Nat Immunol. 2019;20:163\u201372.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"972_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4772-0","volume":"19","author":"K Street","year":"2018","unstructured":"Street K, Risso D, Fletcher RB, Das D, Ngai J, Yosef N, et al. Slingshot: cell lineage and pseudotime inference for single-cell transcriptomics. BMC Genomics. 2018;19:477.","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"972_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2025.169033","volume":"437","author":"C Hou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hou C, Li W, Li Y, Ma J. O-GlcNAcAtlas 4.0: an updated protein O-GlcNAcylation database with site-specific quantification. J Mol Biol. 2025;437:169033.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"972_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-024-03332-5","volume":"25","author":"Q Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma Q, Gui Y, Ma X, Zhang B, Xiong W, Yang S, et al. N6-methyladenosine writer METTL16-mediated alternative splicing and translation control are essential for murine spermatogenesis. Genome Biol. 2024;25:193.","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"972_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201744059","volume":"18","author":"MP Davis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Davis MP, Carrieri C, Saini HK, van Dongen S, Leonardi T, Bussotti G, et al. Transposon-driven transcription is a conserved feature of vertebrate spermatogenesis and transcript evolution. EMBO Rep. 2017;18:1231\u201347.","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"key":"972_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.164855","author":"S Bai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bai S, Fu K, Yin H, Cui Y, Yue Q, Li W, et al. Sox30 initiates transcription of haploid genes during late meiosis and spermiogenesis in mouse testes. Development. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.164855.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"972_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070963","volume":"296","author":"P Sassone-Corsi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sassone-Corsi P. Unique chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation in spermatogenesis. Science. 2002;296:2176\u20138.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"972_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3626","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M114.039073","volume":"13","author":"L Qi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qi L, Liu Z, Wang J, Cui Y, Guo Y, Zhou T, et al. Systematic analysis of the phosphoproteome and kinase-substrate networks in the mouse testis. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2014;13:3626\u201338.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"key":"972_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-015-2286-5","volume":"363","author":"A Rodriguez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodriguez A, Pangas SA. Regulation of germ cell function by SUMOylation. Cell Tissue Res. 2016;363:47\u201355.","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"972_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaf013","author":"AL Scrivener","year":"2025","unstructured":"Scrivener AL, Westwood M, Ruane PT, Aplin JD. Protein O-GlcNAcylation in reproductive biology and the impact of metabolic disease. Hum Reprod Update. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmaf013.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"972_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4165(02)00407-5","volume":"1573","author":"MN Fukuda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fukuda MN, Akama TO. In vivo role of alpha-mannosidase IIx: ineffective spermatogenesis resulting from targeted disruption of the Man2a2 in the mouse. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002;1573:382\u20137.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"972_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.106468","volume":"21","author":"M Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang M, Li M, Li H, Wan Y, Yang S, Ji S, et al. Dysregulation of N-glycosylation by Rpn1 knockout in spermatocytes induces male infertility via endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice. Int J Biol Sci. 2025;21:2360\u201379.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"972_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2021.100964","volume":"79","author":"A Magalhaes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Magalhaes A, Duarte HO, Reis CA. The role of O-glycosylation in human disease. Mol Aspects Med. 2021;79:100964.","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"key":"972_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2018.00060","volume":"6","author":"DA Tourzani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tourzani DA, Paudel B, Miranda PV, Visconti PE, Gervasi MG. Changes in Protein O-GlcNAcylation During Mouse Epididymal Sperm Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2018;6:60.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"972_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1013822108","volume":"108","author":"S Daou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Daou S, Mashtalir N, Hammond-Martel I, Pak H, Yu H, Sui G, et al. Crosstalk between O-GlcNAcylation and proteolytic cleavage regulates the host cell factor-1 maturation pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011;108:2747\u201352.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"972_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01654-6","volume":"8","author":"C Han","year":"2017","unstructured":"Han C, Gu Y, Shan H, Mi W, Sun J, Shi M, et al. O-GlcNAcylation of SIRT1 enhances its deacetylase activity and promotes cytoprotection under stress. Nat Commun. 2017;8:1491.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"972_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00707-7","volume":"53","author":"DK Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim DK, Lee JS, Lee EY, Jang H, Han S, Kim HY, et al. O-GlcNAcylation of Sox2 at threonine 258 regulates the self-renewal and early cell fate of embryonic stem cells. Exp Mol Med. 2021;53:1759\u201368.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"key":"972_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.12.030","volume":"144","author":"F Capotosti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Capotosti F, Guernier S, Lammers F, Waridel P, Cai Y, Jin J, et al. O-GlcNAc transferase catalyzes site-specific proteolysis of HCF-1. Cell. 2011;144:376\u201388.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"972_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.09.051","volume":"9","author":"JB Parker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parker JB, Yin H, Vinckevicius A, Chakravarti D. Host cell factor-1 recruitment to E2F-bound and cell-cycle-control genes is mediated by THAP11 and ZNF143. Cell Rep. 2014;9:967\u201382.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"972_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4883","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.83474","volume":"19","author":"WL Lei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lei WL, Li YY, Du Z, Su R, Meng TG, Ning Y, et al. SRSF1-mediated alternative splicing is required for spermatogenesis. Int J Biol Sci. 2023;19:4883\u201397.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"972_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1004825","volume":"10","author":"J Bao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bao J, Tang C, Li J, Zhang Y, Bhetwal BP, Zheng H, et al. RAN-binding protein 9 is involved in alternative splicing and is critical for male germ cell development and male fertility. PLoS Genet. 2014;10:e1004825.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"972_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2024.102476","volume":"81","author":"CW Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu CW, Wang K, Jiang J. The non-catalytic domains of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes present new opportunities for function-specific control. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2024;81:102476.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Chem Biol"},{"key":"972_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-66689-6","volume":"17","author":"N Wang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wang N, Hou F, Ma S, Liu S, Wei H, Fang W, et al. Targeted stress granule regulation by engineering a non-catalytic O-GlcNAc transferase. Nat Commun. 2026;17:163.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"972_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2025.110760","volume":"301","author":"N Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu N, Zhao Y, Chi W, Yuan Y, Li J. Understanding O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT): Every amino acid matters. J Biol Chem. 2025;301:110760.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"972_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4161\/spmg.21362","volume":"2","author":"NO Palmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palmer NO, Bakos HW, Fullston T, Lane M. Impact of obesity on male fertility, sperm function and molecular composition. Spermatogenesis. 2012;2:253\u201363.","journal-title":"Spermatogenesis"},{"key":"972_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.111.013193","volume":"33","author":"S La Vignera","year":"2012","unstructured":"La Vignera S, Condorelli R, Vicari E, D\u2019Agata R, Calogero AE. Diabetes mellitus and sperm parameters. J Androl. 2012;33:145\u201353.","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"key":"972_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1559-0275-11-8","volume":"11","author":"J Ma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ma J, Hart GW. O-GlcNAc profiling: from proteins to proteomes. Clin Proteomics. 2014;11:8.","journal-title":"Clin Proteomics"}],"container-title":["Cellular &amp; Molecular Biology Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s11658-026-00972-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s11658-026-00972-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s11658-026-00972-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:02:45Z","timestamp":1790730165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s11658-026-00972-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s11658-026-00972-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1689-1392"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1689-1392","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Association of Laboratory Animal Sciences at Anhui Medical University, China (approval no. LLSC20211392; approval date: 18 October 2021). This Ethics Committee operates in full compliance with the guidelines of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"155"}}