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However, little information is available on their bioactivity of inhibiting acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by snake venom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study reports the development of a green, one-step pyrolysis process to synthesize CDs using Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex (PCC) as the sole precursor, and their potential application as a protectant against\n                      <jats:italic>Deinagkistrodon acutus (D. acutus)<\/jats:italic>\n                      venom-induced AKI was investigated for the first time. The AKI model was established by injecting\n                      <jats:italic>D. acutus<\/jats:italic>\n                      venom into the abdominal cavity of mice and the potential protective effects of PCC Carbonisata-CDs (PCCC-CDs) on renal abnormalities including dysfunction, inflammatory reactions, tissue damage, and thrombocytopenia at six time points (1, 3, and 12 h, and 1, 2, and 5\u2009days) were investigated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results demonstrated that PCCC-CDs significantly inhibited the kidney dysfunction (reduced serum creatinine (SCR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary total protein (UTP), and microalbuminuria (MALB) concentrations) and the production of chemoattractant (monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1)), proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2), and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in response to intraperitoneal injection of\n                      <jats:italic>D. acutus<\/jats:italic>\n                      venom. The beneficial effect of PCCC-CDs on the envenomed mice was similar to that on the change in renal histology and thrombocytopenia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These results demonstrated the remarkable protective effects of PCCC-CDs against AKI induced by\n                      <jats:italic>D. acutus<\/jats:italic>\n                      venom, which would not only broaden the biomedical applications of CDs but also provide a potential target for the development of new therapeutic drugs for AKI induced by\n                      <jats:italic>D. acutus<\/jats:italic>\n                      snakebite envenomation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-019-3198-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T09:02:48Z","timestamp":1576486968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Protective Effects of Carbon Dots Derived from Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex Carbonisata against Deinagkistrodon acutus Venom-Induced Acute Kidney Injury"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Meiling","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suna","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoke","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4336-0028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihua","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"3198_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2018.07.002","volume":"225","author":"Y Xiong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiong Y, Li B, Huang D, He Q, Yu X (2018) Anti-Deinagkistrodon acutus venom properties of ethanolic root extract from Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) kitag and its GC-MS analysis. 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